Objective
There is some controversy about the beneficial effects of occupational physical activity (OPA) on cardiovascular risk (CVR). The main aim of this study was to explore the effect of the ...combination of different frequencies of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and two types of OPA on CVR and body composition, and whether the association between physical activity (PA) and CVR was mediated by visceral adipose tissue (VAT).
Methods
This cross-sectional study included data from 2516 couriers living in Spain, delivering either by motorbike or foot, and practicing LTPA never, occasionally, or regularly. Couriers were classified into six categories according to LTPA and OPA; body composition was assessed by Bioelectrical Impedance, and CVR by the Framingham equation. General linear models were performed to explore the association between different categories with each outcome (CVR and body composition) and the possible role of VAT as a mediator between PA and CVR.
Results
Compared with the most sedentary group (motorbike couriers that never practice PA), walking couriers who practice regular PA presented the lowest CVR β −1.58 (95% CI −2.31; −0.85) and the lowest VAT β −2.86 (95% CI −3.74; −1.98) followed by the motorbike couriers who practiced regular PA β −0.51 (95% CI −1.00; −0.03) for CVR and β −2.33 (95% CI −2.91; −1.75) for VAT. The association between PA and CVR was partially mediated by VAT.
Conclusion
The present results indicated that both OPA and LTPA are protective factors for CVR and play an important role on VAT accumulation.
Introducción: Evaluar el síndrome metabólico utilizando tres métodos propuestos por instituciones internacionales de referencia, y los índices de adiposidad visceral (VAI) y adiposidad disfuncional ...(DAI), en la predicción y estimación de la prevalencia en población laboral.
Métodos: Estudio transversal en trabajadores de distintas comunidades autónomas españolas a los que se les realizó un examen de salud entre enero 2019 y septiembre 2021. Se evaluó el síndrome metabólico con criterios del National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP/ATP-III), International Diabetes Federation (IDF) y Joint Interin Statement (JIS). Se calcularon los valores de VAI y DAI mediante sus fórmulas específicas y su capacidad predictiva mediante curvas ROC. Se utilizó el programa SPSS 27.0, considerando significación estadística p< 0,05.
Resultados: Se incluyeron 418 343 trabajadores, la mayoría hombres (58,8%), de edad media entre 30 y 49 años (58,0%), clase social III, tipo de trabajo manual (75,9%) y no fumadores (66,9%). La prevalencia de síndrome metabólico muestra diferencias según el criterio utilizado, siendo superior en hombres con IDF y JIS, y en mujeres con ATPIII. Para las tres definiciones de síndrome metabólico, los valores del área bajo la curva fueron > 0,8 (>80%). El VAI más elevado se obtuvo con JIS, y el DAI más alto con ATPIII. El índice de mayor confianza fue para ATPIII y JIS.
Conclusiones: Los índices de adiposidad VAI y DAI muestran una elevada capacidad predictiva del síndrome metabólico con los tres criterios utilizados y pueden ser de utilidad preventiva en salud laboral.
Introducción: las tendinopatías son consecuencia de cargas excesivas en el tendón, por lo que son frecuentes en el ámbito laboral debido a movimientos repetitivos y posturas forzadas. La tendinopatía ...de Aquiles se caracteriza por una respuesta de curación desorganizada, asociada a cierto grado de neovascularización, siendo el tratamiento conservador la estrategia inicial.
Objetivos realizar una revisión bibliográfica para analizr la efectividad de los tratamientos utilizados en la tendinopatía aquilea a partir de los estudios incluidos.
Material y métodos: revisión bibliográfica de artículos científicos consultando las bases de datos PubMed y The Cochrane Library utilizando las palabras clave “((tendinopathy) AND (Achilles Tendon) AND (exercise OR exercise therapy OR Muscle Stretching Exercises OR physical therapy modalities OR rehabilitation))”.
Resultados: Se obtuvieron 635 refrencias en Pubmed y 134 en Cochrane Library, de los cuales 14 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Los estudios seleccionados mostraron que, en general, los ejercicios excéntricos son una terapia efectiva aplicada entre 6 y 12 semanas en la tendinopatía de Aquiles, sin combinar o combinada con la plataforma de vibración, complementos nutricionales, tratamiento de tejidos blandos, terapia de láser o terapia de ondas de choque.
Conclusión: la revisión muestra que el ejercicio excéntrico presenta los mejores resultados en el tratamiento de la tendinopatía aquilea.
Cardiovascular and metabolic diseases include a large group of pathologies and constitute one of the most serious chronic health problems facing the 21st century, with high rates of morbidity and ...mortality worldwide. Unhealthy diets influence the development of these pathologies. The Mediterranean diet can be an important part in the treatment of these diseases. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of a program that aims to increase adherence to the Mediterranean diet on the improvement of different cardiometabolic risk parameters.
A prospective intervention study was carried out on 7034 Spanish workers. Prior to the intervention, 22 cardiometabolic risk scales were evaluated. Participants in this study were informed both orally and in writing of the characteristics and benefits of the Mediterranean diet and were given the website of the Ministry of Health, Consumption and Social Welfare of Spain, which provides advice on nutrition. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was reinforced by sending a monthly SMS to their mobile phones. After six months of follow-up, the 22 risk scales were re-evaluated to assess changes. Means and standard deviations were calculated using Student's
test to analyse quantitative variables. Prevalence was calculated using the Chi-square test when the variables were qualitative.
All the cardiometabolic risk scales studied decreased after implementing a program to improve and enhance adherence to the Mediterranean diet. The number of losses in the sample was very low, standing at 4.31%.
The Mediterranean diet is effective in reducing all cardiovascular risk scales evaluated. The mean values and prevalence of high values of the different cardiometabolic risk scales analysed led to lower values after the implementation of the program to increase adherence to the Mediterranean diet. We observed a significant positive difference in metabolic age in both sexes. We have obtained a significant improvement in the insulin resistance index, especially in the SPISE-IR index, data that we have not found in previous publications. Easy access to the Internet and new information and communication technologies facilitate adherence to a diet and can reduce the number of losses.
Introduction: Alcohol consumption has a high prevalence in society and its chronic consumption is one of the main factors related to health condition in an individual, along with other aspects ...concerning lifestyle. Regarding the health-disease correlation, it is one of the main determinants of health, from an epidemiological point of view, and has been a traditional object of study from different perspectives and in diverse population groups. Objective: To compare consumption patterns and related variables in two different groups: patients in mental health units and workers in general. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study in a population of 1 180 service workers and 304 patients in a mental health unit. Sociodemographic and work aspects, as well as pattern of alcohol consumption were analyzed for both populations. Results: Differences in both groups were observed regarding the number of consumers, quantity of consumption and type of beverages consumed, differences that disappear, in part, when comparing groups of workers of both population samples. Conclusions: Differences in the consumption pattern of both populations lead to different preventive-assistance strategies and to the need for implementing coordinated actions by specific programs among those affected.
Aspectos preventivos en migraña y trabajo. Encuesta europea Vicente Herrero, María Teofila; Ramírez Iñiguez de la Torre, Mª Victoria; Reinoso Barbero, Luis ...
Archivos de prevención de riesgos laborales,
01/2021, Letnik:
24, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Introducción: La promoción de la salud en el trabajo integra las iniciativas en salud y seguridad en ámbito ocupacional, con mejoras personales, incremento de productividad y menores riesgos y gastos ...sociales, especialmente en migraña, como enfermedad neurológica con prevalencia estimada en el 11% de la población. El objetivo de este trabajo fue conocer las condiciones preventivas de los trabajadores con migraña y las opciones de gestión preventiva en sus empresas.
Método: Estudio observacional transversal realizado en 3.342 pacientes de España, Italia, Francia, Portugal, Irlanda, Reino Unido, Alemania y otros países de la UE mediante encuesta anónima en la web de la European Migraine & Headache Alliance (EMHA-web), entre septiembre de 2018 y enero de 2019.
Resultados: Estrés laboral y uso de PVD son los riesgos más referidos por los trabajadores con migraña. El 43.71% de trabajadores desconoce el tipo de Servicio de Prevención de su empresa, 49.06% no dispone de servicio médico; el 67.67% no ha tenido impedimentos de acceso laboral por migraña, ni despido o no renovación del contrato, pero el 42,14% tuvo algún conflicto por pérdida de productividad; el 26,54% desconoce el concepto de especial sensibilidad o no lo ha solicitado por migraña; un 55,42% no se ha sentido comprendido ni apoyado por su empresa en sus limitaciones por migraña, pero sí por los compañeros.
Conclusión: Se observa una deficiente información preventiva y escaso uso de las opciones de gestión adaptativa en las empresas para personas con migraña.
Este trabajo es un comentario del artículo: Navarro-Font X, Kales SN, Vicente-Herrero MT, Rueda-Garrido JC, Del Campo MT, Reinoso-Barbero L, Fernandez-Montero A. Association Between the "COVID-19 ...Occupational Vulnerability Index" and COVID-19 Severity and Sequelae Among Hospital Employees. J Occup Environ Med. 2021;63(10):895-900. doi: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000002253.
El consumo de alcohol tiene una elevada prevalencia en la sociedad en general y afecta a todos los países, independientemente de su situación sociocultural o económica. Su consumo crónico es uno de ...los principales factores relacionados con el estado de salud de los individuos. Entre sus consecuencias más destacadas se encuentra el hecho de que el bebedor abusivo puede causar, por comportamientos violentos, daño a las personas de su entorno y a terceros implicados así como daños personales, repercutiendo todo ello en la sociedad en su conjunto. Destacan las potenciales implicaciones por comportamientos violentos del binge drinking y del consumo de alcohol asociado a otras drogas.
Background: Obesity constitutes a public health problem worldwide and causes non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (MALFD), the leading cause of liver disease in developed countries, which progresses to ...liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. MAFLD is associated with obesity and can be evaluated by validated formulas to assess MAFLD risk using different parameters such as the body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). However, these parameters do not accurately measure body fat. As MAFLD is strongly associated with obesity, we hypothesize that measuring body and visceral fat by electrical bioimpedance is an efficient method to predict the risk of MAFLD. The objective of our work was to demonstrate that electrical bioimpedance is a more efficient method than the BMI or WC to predict an elevated risk of MAFLD. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study involving 8590 Spanish workers in the Balearic Islands was carried out. The study’s sample of employees was drawn from those who underwent occupational medicine examinations between January 2019 and December 2020. Five MAFLD risk scales were determined for evaluating very high levels of body fat and visceral fat. The determination of body and visceral fat was performed using bioimpedanciometry. Student’s t-test was employed to ascertain the mean and standard deviation of quantitative data. The chi-square test was used to find prevalences for qualitative variables, while ROC curves were used to define the cut-off points for body and visceral fat. The calculations included the area under the curve (AUC), the cut-off points along with their Youden index, sensitivity, and specificity. Correlation and concordance between the various scales were determined using Pearson’s correlation index and Cohen’s kappa, respectively. Results: As both total body fat and visceral fat increase, the risk of MAFLD increases with a statistically significant result (p < 0.001), presenting a higher risk in men. The areas under the curve (AUC) of the five scales that assess overweight and obesity to determine the occurrence of high values of the different MAFLD risk scales were very high, most of them exceeding 0.9. These AUC values were higher for visceral and body fat than for the BMI or waist circumference. FLD-high presented the best results in men and women with the AUC at around 0.97, both for visceral fat and total body fat, with a high Youden index in all cases (women body fat = 0.830, visceral fat = 0.892; men body fat = 0.780, visceral fat = 0.881). Conclusions: In our study, all the overweight and obesity scales show a very good association with the scales assessing the risk of MAFLD. These values are higher for visceral and body fat than for waist circumference and the BMI. Both visceral fat and body fat are better associated than the BMI and waist circumference with MAFLD risk scales.
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality worldwide and are related to harmful lifestyles and certain professions such as being a professional driver. The aim of this study was to ...determine cardiovascular risk in professional drivers and the factors that influence it, with the intention of recommending improvements in their lifestyle habits.
A retrospective, cross-sectional study was carried out on 24784 professional drivers (cab drivers and bus drivers) of both sexes (23,560 men and 1227 women) in different Spanish regions. Several variables and scales related to cardiovascular risk were assessed. In order to see if this type of profession produces an increase in cardiovascular risk.
27.8% of drivers were obese, 34.7% were hypertensive, and 48.7% had a high waist to height ratio. 46.5% were considered non-metabolically healthy, in that 24.9% had metabolic syndrome with the NCEP-ATPIII criteria, 19.2% with the IDF criteria, and 37.3% with JIS criteria. 26.9% had moderate or high values on the REGICOR scale and 29.5% on the SCORE scale. 32.7% had a high risk of hepatic steatosis.
The cardiovascular risk of our drivers was high in men and moderate in women. Significant differences were found between men and women with regard to the habits of regular physical exercise and healthy eating, which could justify the lower cardiovascular risk in women.
•The overall cardiovascular risk level of the drivers included in our study can be considered high, especially in men.•27.8% of our drivers have obesity.•The prevalence of hypertension among the drivers was 34.7%.•High blood glucose values were present in 29.5% of our drivers.•The prevalence of metabolic syndrome using the NCEP ATP III model was 24.9%.
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