(1) Background: Worldwide, asthma, back pain, and migraine are major public health problems due to their high prevalence, effect on the quality of life, and huge economic costs. The association of ...asthma with an increased risk of these types of pain has been suggested; however, no conclusive results have been obtained to date. The aims of our study were (1) to describe and compare the prevalence of three types of pain localization, namely migraine or frequent headaches (MFH), chronic neck pain (CNP), and chronic low back pain (CLBP), in adults with and without asthma in Spain during the years 2014 and 2020 and (2) to identify which variables were associated with the presence of these types of pain in adults with asthma. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional study and a case–control study were conducted. The 2014 and 2020 European Health Interview Surveys for Spain were used as the data source. (3) Results: A total of 2463 individuals were interviewed and had self-reported asthma. In this group, the prevalence of pain was high, with CLBP (30.9%) being the most common, followed by CNP (26.7%) and MFH (13.3%). All types of pain remained stable from 2014 to 2020. In both surveys, the women with asthma reported a remarkably higher prevalence of all the types of pain analyzed than the men with asthma. After matching by age and sex, the prevalence of all pain types was significantly higher in the patients with asthma than in the matched individuals without asthma. Multivariable adjustment showed that asthma increased the likelihood of CNP by 1.45 times (OR 1.45; 95% CI 1.19–1.76), that of CLBP by 1.37 times (OR 1.37; 95% CI 1.11–1.64), and that of MFH by 1.19 times (OR 1.19; 95% CI 1.02–1.51). The three types of pain analyzed were associated with the female sex and worse self-rated health. (4) Conclusions: Among the men and women with asthma, the prevalence of all the pain types was high and remained stable over time. The prevalence was higher and the severity was greater among the women with asthma than among the men with asthma. The prevalence of any pain was significantly higher in people with asthma than in the sex–age-matched individuals without asthma. Multivariable analysis showed that the variables associated with the reporting of the three types of pain in people with asthma were female sex, worse self-reported health, and self-reported mental illness.
El Perú es un país de ingreso mediano, con un sistema de salud fragmentado. Para fortalecer el sistema de salud basado en atención primaria de salud, existen dimensiones claves que deben ser ...analizadas: gobernanza, financiamiento, recursos humanos, accesibilidad, longitudinalidad, integralidad, coordinación, equidad, eficiencia y calidad. El logro del desarrollo de estas dimensiones puede llevar a garantizar una atención primaria de salud fuerte, con mejoras en la salud de las personas
The present paper deals with the evaluation of the stereoselective binding of antihistamines (brompheniramine, chlorpheniramine, hydroxyzine, orphenadrine and phenindamine), phenothiazines ...(promethazine and trimeprazine) and a local anesthetic (bupivacaine) to human plasma proteins. Since all of them are drugs highly bound to proteins, a methodology to determine the bound fraction of each drug enantiomer was proposed. This methodology includes the incubation of samples containing plasma and racemic drug, ultrafiltration of the mixture and the chiral separation of enantiomers in the bound drug fraction using affinity EKC (AEKC)-partial filling technique and HSA as chiral selector. The results shown in this paper represent the first evidence of the enantioselective binding of some antihistamines such as brompheniramine, hydroxyzine, orphenadrine and phenindamine and the phenothiazines, promethazine and trimeprazine, to human plasma proteins. The binding of phenindamine to plasma presented the highest enantioselectivity (ES) (ES = 2.5) followed by trimeprazine (ES = 1.5) and promethazine (ES = 1.4).
(1) Background: In this work, we aim to describe influenza vaccine uptake among the diabetic population in Spain to assess the time trend from 2011 to 2020 and identify predictors of vaccine uptake ...among diabetes patients. (2) Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study using the European Health Interview Survey for Spain (2014 and 2020) and the Spanish National Health Surveys (2011 and 2017). The independent variables analysed included socio-demographic characteristics, health-related variables and lifestyle variables. We matched each participant with diabetes with a non-diabetic participant based on age, sex, place of residence and year of survey. (3) Results: The overall coverage among diabetic adults was 52.1% compared to 40.6% for matched participants without diabetes (
< 0.01). The vaccine uptake among adults with diabetes was 52.6% in 2011, 54.38% in 2014 and 53.4% in 2017. The adjusted OR of having been vaccinated in 2020, with respect to 2011, was not significant at 0.87 (95% CI: 0.72-1.06). Factors such as being male, higher age, being affected by respiratory disease or cancer and being physically active were identified as positive predictors for influenza vaccination uptake, while smoking was a negative predictor. (4) Conclusions: The influenza vaccine uptake is below desirable levels among the adult diabetic population in Spain and has not improved from 2011 to 2020. More efforts should be made to increase influenza vaccine uptake in this high-risk group, especially for women, those aged 18-64 years, without other high-risk conditions and smokers.
Background: Microbial consortia have ecological and biotechnological importance since they contribute to the biogeochemical cycles in nature and produce compounds of high economical value. Goals: ...Research for this paper involved the polyphasic study of a photosynthetic microbial consortium (MC) in order to identify the microorganisms that comprise it, in addition to exploring the theory of the biotechnological potential of each partner within the consortium. Methods: Study of morphological and phylogenetic diversity. Results: Twenty-one different microorganisms were identified that make up the MC belonging to the phyla Proteobacteria (Rhodobacter sp., Devosia insulae, Pedomicrobium americanum, Alpha proteobacteria, Aquaspirillum delicatum, Methylibium petroleiphilum and Nannocystis sp.), Bacteriodetes (Flavobacterium sp. and Flavobacterium aquatile), Cyanobacteria (Aphanizomenon aphanizomenoides, Leptolyngbya sp. and Anabaena oscillarioides), Chlorophyta (Monoraphidium sp. and Chlorella sp.), Heterokontophyta (Cyclotella meneghiniana, Melosira varians, Cocconeis placentula, Achnanthidium chlidanos, Navicula radiosa, Fragilaria ulna and Nitzschia sp.). This microbial consortium was shown to have a high capacity for nitrogen fixation (10,294 nmol ethylene g-1 dry weight h-1). Conclusions: The identification of microorganisms that form the MC and their capacity for growth and nitrogen fixation in a photobioreactor, give us a glimpse of their possible biotechnological application as a biofertilizer.
There are four objectives to this paper: (1) To determine whether undergraduates enrolled in Health-Sciences studies agree with the use of human stem cells for medical research, treatment and genetic ...uses. (2) Whether they would consider the use of pre-implantation-embryos for medical research. (3) Whether attitudes toward the previous two issues are linked to gender, field of study, transcendental/spiritual convictions and political biases. (4) A panel of discussion will modify their opinion.
The present study shows that, before attending a discussion panel session, media was the main source of information that the students had on the surveyed topics. A discussion panel was useful for clarifying respondents’ opinions on the explored items. Significantly, the discussion panel had an influence on those respondents who did not have a formed opinion on the explored items.
A discussion panel is a convenient, but limited tool, in the shaping of undergraduate opinions on ethically controversial scientific matters.
Los objetivos de este artículo son conocer si: 1) los estudiantes de pregrado matriculados en titulaciones de grado de ciencias de la salud están de acuerdo con la utilización de las células madre humanas para la investigación médica de los embriones preimplantatorios, la cura de enfermedades y los usos génicos; 2) consideran el uso de los embriones preimplantatorios humanos para la investigación; 3) las actitudes hacia los 2 temas anteriores están relacionadas con el género, el grado universitario en curso, la afiliación política y las convicciones trascendentales o espirituales, y 4) conocer si un panel de discusión, con expertos, modifica esas opiniones.
Los resultados del presente estudio mostraron que antes del panel de discusión, los medios de comunicación eran la principal fuente de información de los encuestados sobre los temas estudiados. El panel de discusión fue útil para aclarar las opiniones de los encuestados, aprobar o desaprobar los ítems explorados. Significativamente, el panel de discusión influyó en los encuestados que dijeron que no tenían una opinión formada sobre los ítems explorados antes del panel de discusión.
El panel de discusión es una herramienta conveniente pero limitada en la formación de las opiniones de los estudiantes de pregrado en titulaciones de ciencias de la salud sobre cuestiones científicas éticamente controvertidas.
The enantiomeric resolution of chiral compounds using HSA by means of affinity EKC (AEKC)–partial filling technique is the result of a delicate balance between different experimental variables such ...as protein concentration, running pH (background electrophoretic buffer, protein and compound solutions) and protein solution plug length. In this paper multivariate optimization approaches for chiral separation of four basic drugs (alprenolol, oxprenolol, promethazine and propranolol) using HSA as chiral selector in AEKC–partial filling technique are studied. The experimental conditions to achieve maximum resolution are optimized using the Box–Behnken experimental design. Partial least squares and pareto charts are used to analyse the main effects on the resolution. The experimental resolutions observed for all compounds studied in optimum conditions agree with the estimated values based on response surface models. The results obtained show that the range of experimental conditions that provided enantioresolution narrows as hydrophobicity of analytes decreases. This fact can be explained by assuming that hydrophobicity controls the interaction of basic compounds with HSA.
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