Abstract
Viral enteric pathogens continuously burden intensive pig farming, causing gastrointestinal diseases of epidemic and endemic nature. The present study investigated two diarrhoea outbreaks on ...a large farrow-to-finish holding and subsequent circulation of outbreak-related enteric viruses. These viruses were characterised by whole genome sequencing, and statistical evaluation of the impact on specific production metrics was performed. The results provided evidence that the
Porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus
–swine enteric coronavirus (PEDV–SeCoV) S gene recombinant strain was responsible for the first outbreak, whilst
Rotavirus A
(RVA) in a mixed infection with
Rotavirus B
(RVB) and porcine kobuvirus (PKV) probably caused the second diarrhoea outbreak. Whole genome characterisation revealed a porcine origin of all viruses involved and significant heterogeneity of RVB strain, proposing four novel genotypes and changes in RVB VP1 genotype classification. The statistical evaluation confirmed only a minor disturbance in the number of weaned pigs per sow, with statistical forecasting showing positive trends. A follow-up study corroborated the endemicity of RVA and PKV, in contrast to PEDV–SeCoV. Punctual, comprehensive and timely investigation of diarrhoea outbreaks is a prerequisite for applying adequate pig health and biosecurity management. Calculating such outbreaks' impact on production metrics can potentially shape future decisions on management improvements.
The influence of cultivation on the expression pattern of canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (cAD-MSCs) surface markers, contributing to, among others, the promotion of growth, ...proliferation, differentiation and immunomodulatory mechanisms of an excellent therapeutic, is still unknown. To fill the gap, we investigated CD90, CD44, CD73, CD29, CD271, CD105, CD45 and CD14 patterns of expression at the protein level with flow cytometry and mRNA level using a real-time polymerase chain reaction array. Gentle variations of expression occurred during cultivation, along with increased CD90, CD44 and CD29 expression, low and decreasing CD271 and CD73 expression and a decrease of initially high CD105. As expected, CD45 and CD14 were not expressed by cAD-MSCs. Interestingly, we discovered a significant decrease of CD73 expression, compared to early (P1–P3) to late (P4–P6) passages, although the CD73 gene expression was found to be stable. The percentage of positive cells was found to be higher for all positive markers up to P4. As CD73′s one important feature is a modulation from a pro-inflammatory environment to an anti-inflammatory milieu, the expression of CD73 in our conditions indicate the need to consider the time cells spend in vitro before being transplanted into patients, since it could impact their favourable therapeutical properties.
Canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (cAD-MSCs) hold therapeutic promise due to their regenerative potential, particularly within their secretome. However, concerns arise regarding the ...impact of
cultivation necessitated for storing therapeutic doses, prompting this study to comprehensively explore the impact of
aging on gene expression and secretome composition.
The study involved collecting abdominal adipose tissue samples from nine healthy female dogs, from which cAD-MSCs were extracted and cultured. Stem cells were validated through trilineage differentiation assays and flow cytometry immunophenotyping. Gene expression profiling using RT-qPCR array, and cAD-MSCs secretome LC-MS/MS analysis, were conducted at passages 3 and 6 to reveal gene expression and protein composition alterations during
culture.
The results demonstrate that the gene expression and secretome composition of cAD-MSCs were impacted by
aging. Among many alterations in gene expression between two passages, two significant downregulations were noted in the MSC-associated PTPRC and IL10 genes. While the majority of proteins and their functional characteristics were shared between passages, the influence of cell aging on secretome composition is highlighted by 10% of proteins being distinctively expressed in each passage, along with 21 significant up- and downregulations. The functional attributes of proteins detected in passage 3 demonstrated a greater inclination towards supporting the regenerative capacity of cAD-MSCs. Moreover, proteins in passage 6 exhibited a noteworthy correlation with the blood coagulation pathway, suggesting an elevated likelihood of coagulation events. To the best of our knowledge, this study presents the first original perspective on the changes in secretome composition that occur when cAD-MSCs age
. Furthermore, it contributes to broadening the currently restricted knowledge base concerning the secretome of cAD-MSCs. In conclusion, our findings show that the regenerative potential of cAD-MSCs, as well as their secretome, may be compromised by
aging. Therefore, our study suggests a preference for earlier passages when considering these cells for therapeutic applications.
Adipose tissue, previously known as connective tissue with a role in energy storage, is currently changing the course of treatments in veterinary medicine. Recent studies have revealed one ...particularly impressive function among all the newly discovered functions of adipose tissue. The interactive cells hosted by adipose tissue, the stromal vascular fraction (SVF), and their role in treating numerous diseases have provided a prospective course of research with positive outcomes in regenerative veterinary medicine (RVM). This review describes the main features of adipose tissue, emphasizing an eclectic combination of cells within the SVF and its thus far researched therapeutic possibilities in canine RVM. An afterwards focus is on a highly researched component of the SVF, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs), which were shown to have an extraordinary impact relying on several proposed mechanisms of action on mitigating pathologies in canines. Furthermore, ASC therapy showed the most significant results in the orthopaedics field and in neurology, dermatology, ophthalmology, gastroenterology, and hepatology, which elevates the possibilities of ASC therapy to a whole new level. Therefore, this review article aims to raise awareness of the importance of research on cellular components, within abundant and easily accessible adipose tissue, in the direction of regenerative therapy in canines, considering the positive outcomes so far. Although the focus is on the positive aspects of cellular therapy in canines, the researchers should not forget the importance of identifying the potential negative aspects within published and upcoming research. Safe and standardized treatment represents a fundamental prerequisite for positively impacting the lives of canine patients.
One of the current leading causes of death in pet cats is neoplasia. The scarcity of data on tumor prevalence in cats from south-eastern Europe led to this retrospective study which reports an ...abundant collection of tumors diagnosed in cats living in Croatia. Archived histopathology findings (diagnosis, cell origin, and biological behavior), and epidemiological data (breed, sex, age, and anatomical site of the tumor) of the cats diagnosed with at least one tumor were collected and statistically analyzed. For the research, 2338 archived feline samples, obtained from 2009-2019, have been reviewed. In 659 samples (28.1%) one or more tumors were diagnosed. Tumors have most often affected non-pedigree cats, cats between 7 and 15 years of age, and female cats. Most tumors showed malignant behavior (85.7%). The most frequent diagnoses were mammary adenocarcinoma, lymphoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. Regarding origin, most samples were epithelial (46.9%), but mesenchymal (28.7%) and lymphoid tumors (17.0%) were also frequently found. Tumors most often occurred in the skin and subcutis, mammary gland (in females), digestive system, and hemolymphatic system (in males). Statistical analysis did not reveal breed, sex, and age predisposition, but female animals and non-pedigree cats were significantly more likely to develop malignant tumors. This detailed study gives insight into the most frequent tumors that occur in cats from Croatia, and the data reported here is likely applicable to other countries. This data will contribute to clinical veterinary oncology, as it presents the most extensive tumor index of cats in south-eastern Europe.
Transmisivne spongiformne encefalopatije su grupa rijetkih, progresivnih neurodegenerativnih bolesti od kojih obolijevaju ljudi i veći broj životinjskih vrsta, a prouzroči ih prion. Infekcija je dugi ...vremenski period asimptomatska, a bolest je progresivna i neminovno letalnog ishoda. U skupinu transmisivnih spongiformnih encefalopatija spadaju: klasična i atipična goveđa spongiformna encefalopatija, klasični i atipični grebež u ovaca i koza, spongiformna encefalopatija jelena, transmisivna encefalopatija američke vidrice, mačja spongiformna encefalopatija, Creutzfeldt- Jakobova bolest, varijanta Creutzfeldt- Jakobove bolesti, Gerstmann-Sträussler- Scheinker sindrom, familijarna fatalna insomnija i kuru. Za postojanje ove bolesti na ovcama zna se već gotovo tri stoljeća. Predmetne bolesti su se izučavale tijekom 20. stoljeća, ali su se tek pojavom epizootije goveđe spongiformne encefalopatije 80-ih godina prošlog stoljeća u Ujedinjenom Kraljevstvu (UK) te otkrivanjem novih dijagnostičkih metoda, istraživanja intenzivirala. Otkriven je i uzročnik bolesti - prion (proteinska zarazna čestica). Prion je normalni stanični protein pronađen prije svega na površini neurona, ali i drugih stanica u organizmu, koji se zbog još uvijek neobjašnjivih razloga u biokemijskim procesima sinteze proteina promijeni i postaje uzročnik encefalopatije. U ovome članku prikazani su rezultati praćenja goveđe spongiformne encefalopatije i grebeža ovaca u Republici Hrvatskoj od 2001. do kraja 2021. godine. Goveđa spongiformna encefalopatija se sistematski nadzire od 2001., dok se grebež ovaca nadzire od 2002. godine. Do kraja 2021. godine ukupno je pretraženo 454.822 uzoraka moždanog tkiva goveda, a tijekom navedenog perioda nije utvrđen niti jedan pozitivan uzorak. Na grebež ovaca pretraženo je ukupno 25.332 uzoraka moždanog tkiva koza i ovaca. Laboratorijskim pretraživanjem nije utvrđen niti jedan pozitivan uzorak na klasični grebež ovaca, ali su potvrđena četiri slučaja atipičnog grebeža u ovaca. Na temelju svih provedenih aktivnosti i nadziranja goveđe spongiformne encefalopatije u Republici Hrvatskoj je od strane Svjetske organizacije za zdravlje životinja 2014. godine dodijeljen status zemlje sa zanemarivim rizikom u odnosu na goveđu spongiformnu encefalopatiju, što je ujedno i najviši zdravstveni status u odnosu na ovu bolest.
Transmissible spongiform encephalopa¬thies are a group of rare and progressive neu¬rodegenerative disorders that affect humans and animals. Transmissible spongiform en¬cephalopathies are caused by a transmissible agent called a prion (proteinaceous infectious particle). Although these infections typically re¬main asymptomatic for a long time, the disease is always progressive with an inevitably lethal outcome. Transmissible spongiform encepha¬lopathies include: classical and atypical bovine spongiform encephalopathy, classical and atypical scrapie in sheep and goats, chronic wasting disease, transmissible mink encepha¬lopathy, feline spongiform encephalopathy, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, variant Creutzfeldt- Jakob disease, Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheink¬er syndrome, Fatal familial insomnia, and kuru. Transmissible spongiform encephalopa¬thy in sheep was first recognised almost three centuries ago and the disease was widely stud¬ied during the 20th century. The bovine spongi¬form encephalopathy epidemic in the United Kingdom in the mid-1980s prompted more extensive research, which led to the discovery that the causative agent of disease is a protein-aceous particle called a prion. A prion is a nor¬mal cellular protein found mostly on the sur¬face on neurons and other cells throughout the body, but transforms to cause disease as the result of changes in the biochemical process during protein synthesis, though this process has been poorly understood. This article pres¬ents the results of monitoring of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies in Croatia from 2001 until the end of 2021. Systematic monitor¬ing of bovine spongiform encephalopathy be¬gan in 2001, while monitoring for scrapie began in 2002. Until the end of 2021, 454,822 samples of bovine brain tissue were tested and no posi¬tives were found. In scrapie monitoring, 25,332 brain tissue samples were screened and no positives to classical scrapie were found, how¬ever four atypical scrapie cases in sheep were detected. Based on all implemented activities and bovine spongiform encephalopathy sur¬veillance, the Republic of Croatia achieved the status of bovine spongiform encephalopathy negligible risk, the highest possible status ac¬cording to the World Organization for Animal Health.
Unilateralna agenezija bubrega pojavljuje se relativno rijetko u svih domaćih životinja, pa tako i u
pasa. Sama po sebi ova je promjena kompatibilna sa životom i životinja nema nikakve simptome
sve ...dok je drugi bubreg funkcionalan. U ovom je osvrtu s patološkog aspekta prikazan slučaj u
psa u kojega je unilateralna agenezija bubrega pridonijela zatajenju bubrega s obzirom na to da je
kontralateralni bubreg bio zahvaćen uznapredovalim stadijem fibroze, vjerojatno uzrokovanim primarnim glomerulonefritisom.
Melanocitni tumori pojavljuju se u velikog broja domaćih životinja te se klasificiraju kao maligne i benigne neoplazije. Kao i kod drugih tumora, kod melanocitnih su neoplazija istraživanja usmjerena ...prema boljem razumijevanju biološkog ponašanja tumora zbog poboljšanja dijagnostike i liječenja. U ovom su istraživanju analizirani rezultati citoloških i histopatoloških pretraga te je utvrđivana pouzdanost citološke metode u dijagnostici melanocitnih neoplazija. Utvrđena je važnost citološke dijagnostike kao orijentacijske metode u kliničkom liječenju, što pokazuje da je multidisciplinarni pristup uz pomoć citološke i patohistološke dijagnostike nužan za donošenje konačne dijagnoze.
Otvoreni arterijski vod u pasa Vlahović, Dunja; Mihoković Buhin, Ivana
Hrvatski veterinarski vjesnik
30, Številka:
1
Paper
Odprti dostop
Otvoreni arterijski vod je jedna od najčešćih prirođenih srčanih grešaka u pasa koja u 70% pasa uzrokuje kongestivno zatajenje srca ukoliko se ne korigira u ranoj dobi. Češće se javlja u ženki, a ...pasminska predispozicija je utvrđena za velik broj pasmina, no i mješanaca. Dokazan je poligenski
mehanizam nasljeđivanja u pasa, a dolazi do hipoplazije ili asimetrije glatkog mišićja uz prisutnost elastičnog tkiva nalik aorti unutar stijenke arterijskog voda što onemogućava njegovo zatvaranje. U ovom je radu opisan patološkoanatomski i patohistološki nalaz otvorenog arterijskog voda kuje stare 7 mjeseci, pasmine doberman, obducirane u Zavodu za Veterinarsku patologiju Veterinarskog fakulteta, Sveučilišta u Zagrebu.
Hepatokutani sindrom u pasa Vlahović, Dunja; Šoštarić-Zuckermann, Ivan-Conrado; Gotić, Jelena ...
Hrvatski veterinarski vjesnik
31, Številka:
2
Paper
Odprti dostop
Hepatokutani sindrom u pasa rijedak je metabolički poremećaj koji uključuje površinski nekrolitični dermatitis, hepatopatiju povezanu s hepatokutanim sindromom, hipoaminoacidemiju i aminoaciduriju. U ...nekih se pasa kožne lezije mogu pojaviti kasnije, stoga je u literaturi predložen novi naziv, sindrom aminoacidurične pseće hipoaminoacidemične hepatopatije, koji bi uključivao pse s kožnim lezijama i bez njih. U ovom je radu opisan patoanatomski i patohistološki nalaz hepatokutanog sindroma psa starog 10 godina, pasmine malteški psić, obduciranog u Zavodu za Veterinarsku patologiju Veterinarskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu
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