The use of molecular biology methods for identifying species of fungi and myxomycetes (DNA barcoding) has shown the necessity of reconsidering our views on the ecology and habitats of many species of ...spore organisms. Spores of basidiomycetes and myxomycetes can spread over considerable distances by water, wind, and insects, resulting in their resettlement to various distant habitats, where the only limiting factors are microenvironment and suitable substrates. The possibility of inhabiting various “island” habitats, for example, such as large tree debris in steppe regions or special microclimatic conditions on the bottoms of ravines and gullies in the forest steppe, where the humidity is much higher than on the plain areas, allows spore organisms to expand their habitats and settle in natural areas that are not typical for them. Our original research, an analysis of literature sources, and GenBank data have shown that, when studying the ecology and distribution patterns of spore-like organisms, issues of correctly identifying species are quiet questionable. This article discusses examples using the influence of the hypothesis
Everything is everywhere, but, the environment selects
(EiE hypothesis) on understanding the ecology and ranges of some species of myxomycetes and basidiomycetes. Data on the distribution and ecology of nivicolous myxomycetes
Lamproderma pseudomaculatum
on the plain territory of Western Siberia are presented for the first time. Using the myxomycetes
Arcyria imperialis
and
A
.
stipata
, as well as fungi
Disciseda hyalothrix
and
Pleurotus pulmonarius
, we envisage the possibility of a DNA barcoding application for studies of the species diversity of spore organisms and the morphological differentiation of similar species and for correctly interpreting their ranges and ecology. rDNA sequences have been studied for all these species; for myxomycetes, photos have been taken on a scanning electron microscope.
New cryptogamic records. 11 Kotkova, V. M.; Czernyadjeva, I. V.; Davydov, E. A. ...
Novosti sistematiki nizs̆ih rastenij,
2023, Letnik:
57, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Structure of the Institute Scientific activity History of the Institute New cryptogamic records. 11 Index page Scientific activity Periodic publications Novitates Systematicae Plantarum non ...Vascularium Volume 57, Part 1, 2023 New cryptogamic records. 11 V. M. Kotkova, I. V. Czernyadjeva, E. A. Davydov, G. Ya. Doroshina, D. Yu. Efimov, L. A. Efimova, I. V. Frolov, Ya. I. Gabiger, M. Yu. Glushсhenko, I. A. Gorbunova, D. E. Himelbrant, M. E. Ignatenko, L. B. Kalinina, L. E. Kurbatova, H. V. Kushnevskaya, N. N. Lashchinsky, K. Yu. Lotiev, E. L. Moroz, A. A. Notov, Yu. K. Novozhilov, Yu. S. Otmakhov, N. V. Plikina, N. N. Popova, A. D. Potemkin, V. A. Putilina, P. Yu. Ryzhkova, Ch. N. Sambyla, E. V. Smirnova, I. S. Stepanchikova, Yu. V. Storozhenko, E. I. Troeva, A. G. Tsurykau, V. S. Vishnyakov, A. V. Vlasenko, V. A. Vlasenko, E. A. Volkova, L. F. Volosnova, L. S. Yakovchenko, T. N. Yatsenko-Stepanova, K. A. Zhuykov, A. S. Zueva DOI: https://doi.org/10.31111/nsnr/2023.57.1.155 Full article Abstract First records of algae for the Orenburg Region and Urals of Russia, for the Republic of Belarus and Georgia, fungi for St. Petersburg, Kemerovo and Novosibirsk regions, republics of Altai and Tuva, Altai, Krasnoyarsk and Trans-Baikal territories, myxomycetes for the Omsk and Tomsk regions, republics of Tuva and Sakha (Yakutia) of Russia and Republic of Belarus, lichens, lichenicolous and allied fungi for the Omsk, Ryazan, Sakhalin and Tver regions, Altai, Khabarovsk and Primorye territories, mosses for St. Petersburg, the Leningrad, Saratov and Tula regions, Stavropol Territory, and New Siberian Islands Archipelago, liverwort for St. Petersburg and Krasnoyarsk Territory are presented. The data on their localities, habitats, distribution are provided. The specimens are kept in the herbaria of the Altai State University (ALTB), the Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IBIW), the Komarov Botanical Institute RAS (LE), the Mire Research Group of the Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters of the Russian Academy of Sciences (MIRE), the V. F. Kuprevich Institute of Experimental Botany of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus (MSK), the Central Siberian botanical garden SB RAS (NSK), the «Galichya Gora» Nature Reserve (VU), the Georgian National Herbarium at the Institute of Botany of the Ilia State University (TBI), and algological collection in the laboratory of the Algology Group of the Institute for Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Barcodes ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 fungal nrDNA region of some specimens have been deposited in the GenBank NCBI
The accuracy of numerical models that describe complex physical or chemical processes depends on the choice of model parameters. Estimating an optimal set of parameters by optimization algorithms ...requires knowledge of the sensitivity of the process of interest to model parameters. Typically the sensitivity computation involves differentiation of the model, which can be performed by applying algorithmic differentiation (AD) tools to the underlying numerical code. However, existing AD tools differ substantially in design, legibility and computational efficiency. In this study we show that, for geophysical data assimilation problems of varying complexity, the performance of adjoint codes generated by the existing AD tools (i) Open_AD, (ii) Tapenade, (iii) NAGWare and (iv) Transformation of Algorithms in Fortran (TAF) can be vastly different. Based on simple test problems, we evaluate the efficiency of each AD tool with respect to computational speed, accuracy of the adjoint, the efficiency of memory usage, and the capability of each AD tool to handle modern FORTRAN 90–95 elements such as structures and pointers, which are new elements that either combine groups of variables or provide aliases to memory addresses, respectively. We show that, while operator overloading tools are the only ones suitable for modern codes written in object-oriented programming languages, their computational efficiency lags behind source transformation by orders of magnitude, rendering the application of these modern tools to practical assimilation problems prohibitive. In contrast, the application of source transformation tools appears to be the most efficient choice, allowing handling even large geophysical data assimilation problems. However, they can only be applied to numerical models written in earlier generations of programming languages. Our study indicates that applying existing AD tools to realistic geophysical problems faces limitations that urgently need to be solved to allow the continuous use of AD tools for solving geophysical problems on modern computer architectures.
The paper deals with a computational method for detection of the solar system minor bodies (SSOs), whose inter-frame shifts in series of CCD-frames during the observation are commensurate with the ...errors in measuring their positions. These objects have velocities of apparent motion between CCD-frames not exceeding three rms errors (3σ) of measurements of their positions. About 15% of objects have a near-zero apparent motion in CCD-frames, including the objects beyond the Jupiter’s orbit as well as the asteroids heading straight to the Earth. The proposed method for detection of the object’s near-zero apparent motion in series of CCD-frames is based on the Fisher f-criterion instead of using the traditional decision rules that are based on the maximum likelihood criterion. We analyzed the quality indicators of detection of the object’s near-zero apparent motion applying statistical and in situ modeling techniques in terms of the conditional probability of the true detection of objects with a near-zero apparent motion. The efficiency of method being implemented as a plugin for the Collection Light Technology (CoLiTec) software for automated asteroids and comets detection has been demonstrated. Among the objects discovered with this plugin, there was the sungrazing comet C/2012 S1 (ISON). Within 26 min of the observation, the comet’s image has been moved by three pixels in a series of four CCD-frames (the velocity of its apparent motion at the moment of discovery was equal to 0.8 pixels per CCD-frame; the image size on the frame was about five pixels). Next verification in observations of asteroids with a near-zero apparent motion conducted with small telescopes has confirmed an efficiency of the method even in bad conditions (strong backlight from the full Moon). So, we recommend applying the proposed method for series of observations with four or more frames.
Recurrent chronic bacterial prostatitis (rCBP) is a hard-to diagnosis-and-treat disease which there is no consensus. A particularly difficult cohort is represented by patients who had COVID-19. The ...study aimed to evaluate the taxonomic structure and sensitivity to antibacterial drugs of microorganisms verified in expressed prostate secretion (EPS) in rCBP-patients who had COVID-19.
A multicenter, prospective, randomized study was conducted with the inclusion of 52 rCBP patients who had COVID 19, in which the taxonomic structure and susceptibility were studied to antibacterial drugs of microorganisms that were verified and dominated in the EPS. Bacteriological study was carried out using an extended set of selective nutrient media and special cultivation conditions. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined in the taxa of microbiota dominating in the EPS.
The mean age of the patients was 34.8+/-5.2 years, the duration of rCBP was 5.7+/-2.3 years. In all patients, various variants of aerobic-anaerobic compositions of microorganisms were recorded in the life cycle. A total of 27 microbiota taxa were isolated. The aerobic cluster was represented by 16 genera and/or species, the anaerobic cluster by 11. When studying antibiotic susceptibility to antibacterial drugs, an increase in antibiotic resistance of the most microorganisms isolated was revealed.
The taxonomic structure of microorganisms in rCBP-patients who had COVID-19 in all cases was characterized by complex and new variants of aerobic-anaerobic associations of microorganisms. When studying the antibiotic susceptibility, multi-resistant and pan-resistant bacteria were identified that is a real threat to this category of patients.
X-ray absorption spectroscopic (XAS) and Mössbauer investigations have been carried out to obtain information on the local environment of Fe ions in Pb2FeSbO6 (PFS) samples with different degree of ...the Fe3+ and Sb5+ ordering. Analysis of Mössbauer spectra shows, that the fraction of doublet component in the spectrum of the disordered PFS sample is significantly larger, than that of the ordered one, however singlet component still persists, indicating the presence of the compositionally ordered regions. The Fe K-spectrum absorption for the ordered PFS sample exhibits the lowest pre-edge intensities, indicating that Fe position is close to the oxygen octahedron center. The higher amplitude of this peak for the disordered sample provides evidence for structural distortions, involving Fe displacement off the octahedra centers. Additional support to this conclusion provides the structure of absorption spectra, which gave substantially higher Debye-Waller factor of Fe–O shell for disordered sample as compared to the ordered one.
Light-emitting diodes are budget-friendly solid-state light sources that find use in the very diverse areas: from lighting to data display devices. The history of the discovery of the ...electroluminescence phenomenon and development of the technology of inorganic (LED) and organic light-emitting diodes (OLED) is presented. Today, there has been a widespread transition to light-emitting diode sources based on inorganic semiconductors, ensuring significant energy savings. However, OLED technologies continue to undergo intensive development. Advantages of OLED over other light sources and areas of their practical use are considered. We discussed the fundamental principles of manufacturing organic light sources with a white emission spectrum, based on low-molecular-weight and polymeric compounds, and considered various approaches for developing polymeric materials with a white emission spectrum. Prospects of the development of the market of OLED light sources are evaluated.
The Dy
0.8
Er
0.2
Rh
3.8
Ru
0.2
B
4
and Dy
0.6
Er
0.4
Rh
3.8
Ru
0.2
B
4
rhodium borides with the LuRu
4
B
4
-type structure are synthesized using the DyRh
3.8
Ru
0.2
B
4
compound via partial ...substitution of erbium (Er) for dysprosium (Dy). The dependences χ
–1
(
T
),
M
(
B
), and
B
c2
(
T
) of the compounds are studied. The Dy
0.8
Er
0.2
Rh
3.8
Ru
0.2
B
4
and Dy
0.6
Er
0.4
Rh
3.8
Ru
0.2
B
4
compounds are found to be magnetic superconductors with critical temperatures
T
c
≈ 5.1 and 5.8, respectively; at
T
≈ 3 K, the magnetic subsystem of the compound transfers into an antiferromagnetic state. Based on the measured field dependences of the magnetic moment (
M
(
B
)) of the Dy
0.8
Er
0.2
Rh
3.8
Ru
0.2
B
4
and Dy
0.6
Er
0.4
Rh
3.8
Ru
0.2
B
4
compounds, the field dependences of the critical current density
j
c
(
B
) and reduced pinning force
f
(
h
) are obtained using the Bean model. The critical current density of the samples does not exceed 400 A/cm
2
at
T
≈ 2 K. In the case of magnetic superconductors with an antiferromagnetic order (Dy
0.8
Er
0.2
Rh
3.8
Ru
0.2
B
4
, Dy
0.6
Er
0.4
Rh
3.8
Ru
0.2
B
4
), a substantial deviation from a scaling law is observed at
h
> 0.4.
This paper considers latest highlights in simultaneous and follow-up optical observations of high energy astrophysical phenomena by MASTER Global Robotic Net. Such extreme Universe sources includes ...gamma-ray bursts, gravitational wave events, detected by LIGO/Virgo, fast radio bursts, high energy neutrino sources and others. Some of the neutrinos detected by ground-based facilities owe their births to supermassive black holes – blazars, which are in a special anxious state with high statistical reliability. We discovered the effect of a rapid decrease in the brightness of the blazar PKS 0735+17 at the time of the multiple detection of the high-energy neutrino event IceCube-211208A. This decrease in brightness within several hours was detected with a high confidence (SNR 10) in comparison with a multi-day brightening state of the blazar, which was accompanied not only by a maximum increase in the average brightness, but also by an increase in the amplitude of its brightness fluctuations. Additionally, we analyzed all cases of successful observation of blazars around neutrino events and obtained statistically reliable indications of the relationship between neutrino events and optical activity of blazars in the doubled error box at the 4.2
level.
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