Tijekom prve polovine XX. stoljeća, kad su radioaktivni elementi razbuktali maštu javnosti, časopis Priroda bio je u Hrvatskoj jedini stalno otvoreni kanal komunikacije prirodoslovaca i šire ...zajednice. U članku se analiziraju poruke o radioaktivnim elementima i njihovu potencijalu koje su prirodoslovci preko toga kanala upućivali javnosti. Analiza pokazuje da je Priroda ponudila cjelovitu i uravnoteženu sliku, u glavnini korektnu te onoliko aktualnu i potpunu koliko se može zahtijevati od popularnoga časopisa.
At the beginning of the 20th century, radioactive elements kindled great expectations from both the scientific community and the general public, but for different reasons. While scientists hoped for deeper insights into the structure of matter, the public dreamed of a panacea and an inexhaustible source of energy. Therefore, it is interesting to consider what kind of messages the scientific community was sending to the public in those circumstances. The richest Croatian source for such research is the magazine Priroda, a journal for the popularization of science that was published by the Croatian Natural History Society from 1911 until recently. During the first half of the 20th century it was the only continuously open channel of communication between the local scientific community and the public. For the purpose of this research, the content of the journal in the period 1911-1945 was searched and texts relevant to the topic were identified. This article presents the results of the analysis of those texts in a historical context. The retrospective picture of radioactive elements that follows from this analysis is multidimensional and includes the presentation of the results of experimental and theoretical research on the transmutation of elements, the presentation of practical applications of radioactive elements, and the presentation of the dangers that come with the use of radioactive elements. The analysis shows that Priroda gave a complete and balanced glimpse into radioactive elements and their potential, mostly correct and as current and complete as can be expected from a popular magazine.
It is not possible to properly understand the status and the development of physics in a society without the knowledge of the structure of the physics community. As a step toward this end, an account ...of the suitably defined physics community in the Kingdom of Croatia, Slavonia and Dalmatia at the beginning of the 20th century is given. The account is based on the complete reconstruction of the community for the years 1901 and 1914 resulting from historical sources, and comprises the discussion of the size of the community as well as of its structure (age, sex, confessional, professional, institutional, etc. In particular, insight into the structure of the physics community is used as a basis for sketching the social role of physics in Croatia at the beginning of the last century. The analysis of the structure of the community makes the identification of the three components of the social role of physics - educational, scientific and practical - possible. It also shows that the educational component of the social role of physics was dominant in Croatia at the beginning of the 20th century, while the scientific component was of secondary importance, and the practical component of tertiary importance.
The Catholic Church views science as an expression of man's dominion over creation and the source of knowledge that complements the knowledge which is peculiar to faith. Catholic religious education ...in elementary school, oriented toward the development of a modern Catholic worldview, certainly should convey this fundamental message concerning the relationship between faith and science. In this article an attempt is made to evaluate how clearly elementary school textbooks of Catholic religious education communicate this message. For that purpose, in each of textbooks every text which explicitly or implicitly involves science is analysed. The analysis shows that textbooks offer an adequate framework for the first lesson concerning the relationship between faith and science in the context of the Catholic worldview. On the other hand, statements which fill that framework are often unclear and ambiguous, what is direct consequence of the principal flaw of these textbooks as regards the considered theme: textbooks do not contain any explicit interpretation of science based on documents of the Church. Adapted from the source document.
It is not possible to properly understand the status and the development of physics in a society without the knowledge of the structure of the physics community. As a step toward this end, an account ...of the suitably defined physics community in the Kingdom of Croatia, Slavonia and Dalmatia at the beginning of the 20th century is given. The account is based on the complete reconstruction of the community for the years 1901 and 1914 resulting from historical sources, and comprises the discussion of the size of the community as well as of its structure (age, sex, confessional, professional, institutional, etc.). In particular, insight into the structure of the physics community is used as a basis for sketching the social role of physics in Croatia at the beginning of the last century. The analysis of the structure of the community makes the identification of the three components of the social role of physics – educational, scientific and practical – possible. It also shows that the educational component of the social role of physics was dominant in Croatia at the beginning of the 20th century, while the scientific component was of secondary importance, and the practical component of tertiary importance.
This paper discusses the possibility of interpreting Hamiltonian function as a formal representation of particle's dynamical situation, where the dynamical situation is conceived as totality of ...circumstances that influence its mechanical state. Moreover, it is indicated that such considerations open the possibility of »situational interpretation of quantum mechanics. Within that interpretation all self-adjoint quantum-mechanical operators - usually understood as states or observables - are consistently interpreted as the formal representations of different situations in which atomic objects can be found.
U radu su prikazane i raspravljene promjene u opsegu te dobnom, spolnom, vjerskom, strukovnom, kvalifikacijskom i institucijskom ustroju prikladno definirane zajednice fizičara u Kraljevini ...Hrvatskoj, Slavoniji i Dalmaciji početkom XX. stoljeća. Uvid u ustroj zajednice fizičara napose je iskorišten za skiciranje društvene uloge fizike u Hrvatskoj početkom prošloga stoljeća. Analiza pokazuje da je dominantna sastavnica društvene uloge fizike bila općeobrazovna sastavnica, znanstvena je sastavnica bila sekundarna, a praktična tercijarna.
Za Katoličku crkvu prirodoslovlje kao skup znanstvenih spoznaja o prirodi jedan je od načina na koje čovjek očituje povjereno mu gospodstvo nad prirodom kao dijelom stvorenja, a za školski katolički ...vjeronauk mnogi prirodoslovni sadržaji važni su u okviru pitanja o odnosima između vjere i znanosti. U ovom se radu, na temelju raščlambe udžbeničkih štiva u kojima se eksplicitno ili implicitno upućuje na prirodoslovlje, nastoji procijeniti koliko jasno je ta poruka izražena u udžbenicima katoličkoga vjeronauka za osnovnu školu. Analiza pokazuje da razmotreni udžbenici doduše nude primjeren okvir za prvu pouku o odnosu vjere i znanosti u kontekstu katoličkoga svjetonazora, ali su tvrdnje koje ispunjavaju taj okvir često nejasne i višeznačne. Pokazuje se nadalje da je ta nedorečenost izravna posljedica toga što udžbenici ne sadrže eksplicitno tumačenje nekih za vjeru i moral zanimljivih prirodoslovnih sadržaja na temelju dokumenata Crkve, što se, s obzirom na raspravljanu temu, može smatrati njihovim glavnim nedostatkom.
Prikazan je pokušaj procjene položaja fizike u javnim katoličkim pučkim školama Banske Hrvatske krajem apsolutizma, tj. u trenutku kad su brigu o hrvatskom školstvu preuzele hrvatske zakonodavne i ...izvršne vlasti. Procjena se temelji na raščlambi ustroja škole, nastavnoga plana i programa, propisanih udžbenika te izobrazbe učitelja. Analiza pokazuje da je povoljan utjecaj nastavnoga programa na položaj fizike bio uvelike prigušen nepovoljnim ustrojem škole i nedovoljnom izobrazbom učitelja.
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