Given that surfactants can control the shape and size of micro‐/nanoparticles, they should be able to direct the growth of bulk crystals. This Minireview summarizes recent developments in the ...application of surfactants for the preparation of new crystalline inorganic materials, including chalcogenides, metal–organic frameworks, and zeolite analogues. The roles of surfactants in different reaction systems are discussed.
Multifaceted media: Since surfactants can control the shape and size of micro‐/nanoparticles, they are also able to direct the growth of bulk crystals. Recent developments in the use of surfactants in the preparation of crystalline inorganic materials, including chalcogenides, metal–organic frameworks, and zeolite analogues, are summarized in this Minireview.
Visible light is much more available and less harmful than ultraviolet light, but ultralong organic phosphorescence (UOP) with visible‐light excitation remains a formidable challenge. Here, a concise ...chemical approach is provided to obtain bright UOP by tuning the molecular packing in the solid state under irradiation of available visible light, e.g., a cell phone flashlight under ambient conditions (room temperature and in air). The excitation spectra exhibit an obvious redshift via the incorporation of halogen atoms to tune intermolecular interactions. UOP is achieved through H‐aggregation to stabilize the excited triplet state, with a high phosphorescence efficiency of 8.3% and a considerably long lifetime of 0.84 s. Within a brightness of 0.32 mcd m−2 that can be recognized by the naked eye, UOP can last for 104 s in total. Given these features, ultralong organic phosphorescent materials are used to successfully realize dual data encryption and decryption. Moreover, well‐dispersed UOP nanoparticles are prepared by polymer‐matrix encapsulation in an aqueous solution, and their applications in bioimaging are tentatively being studied. This result will pave the way toward expanding metal‐free organic phosphorescent materials and their applications.
Visible‐light‐excited ultralong organic phosphorescence is achieved with a considerably long phosphorescence lifetime of 0.84 s and high quantum efficiency of 8.3%. Given these features, visible‐light‐excited ultralong organic phosphorescent materials can be successfully applied in dual data encryption and molecular bioimaging.
Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted extensive research interest due to their rich structure chemistry and many potential industrial applications in the areas of gas separation and storage, ...catalysis, drug delivery, chemical sensors, magnetism, and others. The synthesis of MOF materials by convenient and environmentally friendly methods is highly desirable for the advancement of MOF chemistry. This critical review summarizes the recent developments in the application of new synthetic strategies for preparing MOFs, including the ionothermal method, deep eutectic solvent usage, surfactant-thermal process, and mechanochemistry. The roles of different solvents in the reaction systems are discussed.
A new type of materials, organic salts in the crystal state, have ultralong organic phosphorescence (UOP) under ambient conditions. The change of cations (NH4+, Na+, or K+) in these phosphors gives ...access to tunable UOP colors ranging from sky blue to yellow green, along with ultralong emission lifetimes of over 504 ms. Single‐crystal analysis reveals that unique ionic bonding can promote an ordered arrangement of organic salts in crystal state, which then can facilitate molecular aggregation for UOP generation. Additionally, reversible ultralong phosphorescence can be realized through the alternative employment of fuming gases (ammonia and hydrogen chloride), demonstrating its potential as a candidate for visual ammonic or hydrogen chloride gas sensing. The results provide an environmental responsible and practicable synthetic approach to expanding the scope of ultralong organic phosphorescent materials as well as their applications.
Ionic crystals with ultralong organic phosphorescence (UOP) are reported. The change of cations (NH4+, Na+, or K+) in these phosphors gives access to tunable UOP colors ranging from sky blue to yellow green. Additionally, reversible ultralong phosphorescence can be realized through the alternative employment of fuming gases (ammonia and hydrogen chloride), demonstrating its potential as a candidate for visual gas sensing.
Patients with cancer are prone to develop venous thromboembolism (VTE) that is the second leading cause of mortality among them. Cancer patients with VTE may encounter higher rates of VTE recurrence ...and bleeding complications than patients without cancer. Treatment of established VTE is often complex in patients with cancer. Treatment of cancer-associated VTE basically comprises initial treatment, long-term treatment, treatment within 6 months, treatment beyond 6 months, treatment of recurrent VTE, and treatment in special situations. Decision of antithrombotic therapy, selection of anticoagulants, duration of anticoagulation, decision of adjuvant therapy, and adjustment of regimen in special situations are the major problems in the treatment of cancer-associated VTE. Therapeutic anticoagulation is the key of the key in the treatment of cancer-associated VTE. In addition to the efficacy and safety of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) that has been fully demonstrated, direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are increasingly showing its advantages along with the accompanying concern in the treatment of cancer-associated VTE. The latest ASCO, ITAC and NCCN guidelines agree with each other on most aspects with respect to the treatment of cancer-associated VTE, whereas differ on a few issues. Encompassing recent randomized controlled trials, clinical trials, and meta-analyses, as well as the comparison of the latest authoritative guidelines including the NCCN, ASCO, and ITAC guidelines in this field, the objective of this review is to present current overview and recommendations for the treatment of cancer-associated VTE.
Inserting polymers into a crystalline inorganic matrix to understand the structure, position, and the structure–property relationships of the resulting composites is important for designing new ...inorganic‐organic materials and tuning their properties. Single crystals of polymer‐chalcogenide composites were successfully prepared by trapping polyethyleneglycol within a selenidostannate matrix under surfactant‐thermal conditions. This work might provide a new strategy for preparing novel crystalline polymer‐inorganic composites through encapsulating polymer chains within inorganic matrices.
Common thread: Inserting a polymer into a crystalline inorganic matrix to understand its structure, position, and the structure–property relationships of the resulting composites is important for designing new inorganic–organic materials and tuning their properties. Single crystals of polymer‐chalcogenide composites were isolated by trapping polyethyleneglycol within a selenidostannate matrix under surfactant‐thermal conditions.
The Li metal anode has long been considered as one of the most ideal anodes due to its high energy density. However, safety concerns, low efficiency, and huge volume change are severe hurdles to the ...practical application of Li metal anodes, especially in the case of high areal capacity. Here it is shown that that graphitized carbon fibers (GCF) electrode can serve as a multifunctional 3D current collector to enhance the Li storage capacity. The GCF electrode can store a huge amount of Li via intercalation and electrodeposition reactions. The as‐obtained anode can deliver an areal capacity as high as 8 mA h cm−2 and exhibits no obvious dendritic formation. In addition, the enlarged surface area and porous framework of the GCF electrode result in lower local current density and mitigate high volume change during cycling. Thus, the Li composite anode displays low voltage hysteresis, high plating/stripping efficiency, and long lifespan. The multifunctional 3D current collector promisingly provides a new strategy for promoting the cycling lifespan of high areal capacity Li anodes.
Graphitized carbon fiber electrode is demonstrated to improve the cycling performance of high‐areal‐capacity Li anodes due to dual reaction types, reduced current density, and confined volume change. This Li anode can deliver a high areal capacity of 8 mA h cm−2 without Li dendrites and displays low voltage hysteresis, high plating/stripping efficiency, and long cycling lifespan.
Taming the bias zoo Liu, Hongqi; Peng, Cameron; Xiong, Wei A. ...
Journal of financial economics,
February 2022, 2022-02-00, 20220201, Letnik:
143, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The success of behavioral economics has led to a new challenge: many biases offer observationally similar predictions for a targeted financial anomaly. To tame this bias zoo, we combine subjective ...survey responses with observational data to propose a new approach, one that is robust to question-specific biases introduced through surveys. We illustrate this approach by administering a nationwide survey of Chinese retail investors to elicit their trading motives. In cross-sectional regressions of respondents’ actual turnover on survey-based trading motives, perceived information advantage and gambling preference dominate other motives, though they are not the most prevalent biases based on survey responses.
This paper develops a model with a tractable log-linear equilibrium to analyze the effects of informational frictions in commodity markets. By aggregating dispersed information about the strength of ...the global economy among goods producers whose production has complementarity, commodity prices serve as price signals to guide producers' production decisions and commodity demand. Our model highlights important feedback effects of informational noise originating from supply shocks and futures market trading on commodity demand and spot prices. Our analysis illustrates the weakness common in empirical studies on commodity markets of assuming that different types of shocks are publicly observable to market participants.
The authors found that, concurrent with the rapidly growing index investment in commodity markets since the early 2000s, prices of non-energy commodity futures in the United States have become ...increasingly correlated with oil prices; this trend has been significantly more pronounced for commodities in two popular commodity indices. This finding refiects the financialization of the commodity markets and helps explain the large increase in the price volatility of non-energy commodities around 2008.
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