The research work about driving drowsiness detection algorithm has great significance to improve traffic safety. Presently, there are many fruits and literature about driving drowsiness detection ...method. However, most of them are devoted to find a universal drowsiness detection method, while ignore the individual driver differences. This paper proposes a real-time driving drowsiness detection algorithm that considers the individual differences of driver. A deep cascaded convolutional neural network was constructed to detect the face region, which avoids the problem of poor accuracy caused by artificial feature extraction. Based on the Dlib toolkit, the landmarks of frontal driver facial in a frame are found. According to the eyes landmarks, a new parameter, called Eyes Aspect Ratio, is introduced to evaluate the drowsiness of driver in the current frame. Taking into account differences in size of driver's eyes, the proposed algorithm consists of two modules: offline training and online monitoring. In the first module, a unique fatigue state classifier, based on Support Vector Machines, was trained which taking the Eyes Aspect Ratio as input. Then, in the second module, the trained classifier is application to monitor the state of driver online. Because the fatigue driving state is gradually produced, a variable which calculated by number of drowsy frames per unit time is introduced to assess the drowsiness of driver. Through comparative experiments, we demonstrate this algorithm outperforms current driving drowsiness detection approaches in both accuracy and speed. In simulated driving applications, the proposed algorithm detects the drowsy state of driver quickly from 640 * 480 resolution images at over 20fps and 94.80% accuracy. The research result can serve intelligent transportation system, ensure driver safety and reduce the losses caused by drowsy driving.
In this paper, we present two methods for constructing new overlap functions on bounded lattices from given ones. At first, we introduce the notion of overlap functions on bounded lattices, which is ...a generalization of overlap functions on the real unit interval. Then we provide the ∧-extension of an overlap function on a subinterval and give the necessary and sufficient conditions for the ∧-extension to be an overlap function. Finally, we propose a definition of ordinal sum of finitely many overlap functions on subintervals of a bounded lattice, where the endpoints of the subintervals constitute a chain. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the ordinal sum yielding again an overlap function are provided.
Off-road intelligent vehicle is an important application about Internet of Vehicles technology used in the transportation field, and the front obstacle recognition method is the key technology for ...off-road intelligent vehicle. In this paper, based on smart data aggregation inspired paradigm of IoT applications, we mainly study perception technology in vehicle networking by using image data and one symmetrical speeded-up robust features detector (SURF). By considering symmetry and image data aggregation, we found that data aggregation had the ability of providing global information for Internet of Vehicles systems. After we have built the experiment platform, the experiment results showed that this method is faster than Scale-Invariant Feature Transform algorithm in this case, which can satisfy the water detection accuracy and the real-time requirement. So, this method is effective for the water images detection with great symmetry to off-road intelligent vehicle, and it also gives a useful reference about environment perception technology and smart data aggregation inspired paradigm used in future Internet of Vehicles, intelligent vehicle, and traffic safety applications.
Triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) is highly expressed in many types of human tumors and is involved in migration and invasion of cancer cells. However, TPI clinicopathological significance and ...malignant function in gastric cancer (GC) have not been well defined. The present study aimed to examine TPI expression in GC tissue and its biological functions. Furthermore, we investigated its downstream genes by gene chip technology. Our results showed that TPI expression was higher in gastric cancer tissues than adjacent tissues, although no statistical differences were found between TPI expression and clinicopathological factors. TPI overexpression in human gastric carcinoma cell line BGC-823 enhanced cell proliferation, invasion and migration, but did not change cell cycle distribution, while TPI knockdown suppressed proliferation, invasion and migration, induced apoptosis and increased G2/M arrest of human gastric carcinoma cell line MGC-803. Since the cell division cycle associated 5 (CDCA5) was identified as the one with the most decreased expression after TPI knockdown, we investigated its role in MGC-803 cells. The results showed that CDCA5 knockdown also inhibited proliferation, migration, induced apoptosis and increased G2/M arrest similarly to TPI knockdown. CDCA5 overexpression promoted MGC-803 cell proliferation, clone formation and migration abilities. These results indicated that TPI expression level might affect GC cell behavior, suggesting that both TPI and CDCA5 might be considered as potential tumor markers related with GC development and might be potential new targets in GC treatment.
Arsenic trioxide (ATO) has been shown to be effective in treating acute promyelocytic leukemia. TP53 mutated/null tumor cells are more sensitive to ATO treatment compared to tumor cells carrying ...wildtype TP53 gene copies. However, it is unclear whether TP53 inhibitors can increase the sensitivity of TP53 wildtype tumor cells to ATO. Here we show that breast, colon, and lung cancer cell lines with mutated/null TP53 are more sensitive to ATO‐induced cell growth inhibition than cells with wildtype TP53. Moreover, inhibition of TP53 by a TP53 inhibitor, PFTα, increased the ATO sensitivity of TP53 wildtype tumor cells, coincident with ATO‐induced cell growth arrest and cell apoptosis. Furthermore, combined treatment with ATO and PFTα synergistically inhibited tumor growth in mouse xenografts in vivo. Through microarray transcriptional analysis, we found that ATO‐regulated genes were associated with TP53 and cell cycle signaling pathways. Cotreatment with PFTα enhanced ATO‐induced dynamic transcriptional changes. Overall, our results provide evidence for using TP53 chemical inhibitors to enhance the ATO‐mediated therapeutic response against TP53 wildtype tumor cells.
Here we found that inhibition of TP53 by PFTα sensitized ATO‐induced cancer cell growth arrest and apoptosis in TP53 wildtype tumor cells. Differentially expressed genes after ATO and PFTα treatments were associated with TP53 and cell cycle signaling pathways. Moreover, cotreatment with PFTα enhanced ATO‐induced dynamic transcriptional changes. Our results provided evidence in support of using TP53 chemical inhibitors to enhance the ATO‐mediated therapeutic response against TP53 wildtype tumor cells.
In this paper, the ordinal sum of quantales is provided. Based on this, the ordinal sums of many familiar ordered algebraic structures can be obtained, such as complete residuated lattice, spatial ...quantale, etc. Then we investigate the relationship between the quantale completion of partially ordered semigroups and the ordinal sum, and prove that for any family of two-side posemigroups, the ordinal sum of their quantale completions coincides with the quantale completion of their ordinal sum.
RNA viruses cause numerous infectious diseases in humans and animals. The crosstalk between RNA viruses and the innate DNA sensing pathways attracts increasing attention. Recent studies showed that ...the cGAS-STING pathway plays an important role in restricting RNA viruses via mitochondria DNA (mtDNA) mediated activation. However, the mechanisms of cGAS mediated innate immune evasion by RNA viruses remain unknown. Here, we report that seneca valley virus (SVV) protease 3C disrupts mtDNA mediated innate immune sensing by cleaving porcine cGAS (pcGAS) in a species-specific manner. Mechanistically, a W/Q motif within the N-terminal domain of pcGAS is a unique cleavage site recognized by SVV 3C. Three conserved catalytic residues of SVV 3C cooperatively contribute to the cleavage of pcGAS, but not human cGAS (hcGAS) or mouse cGAS (mcGAS). Additionally, upon SVV infection and poly(dA:dT) transfection, pcGAS and SVV 3C colocalizes in the cells. Furthermore, SVV 3C disrupts pcGAS-mediated DNA binding, cGAMP synthesis and interferon induction by specifically cleaving pcGAS. This work uncovers a novel mechanism by which the viral protease cleaves the DNA sensor cGAS to evade innate immune response, suggesting a new antiviral approach against picornaviruses.
Heart failure is one of leading cause of death worldwide. However, the transcriptional profiling of heart failure is unclear. Moreover, the signaling pathways and transcription factors involving the ...heart failure development also are largely unknown. Using published Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets, in the present study, we aim to comprehensively analyze the differentially expressed genes in failing heart tissues, and identified the critical signaling pathways and transcription factors involving heart failure development.
The transcriptional profiling of heart failure was identified from previously published gene expression datasets deposited in GSE5406, GSE16499 and GSE68316. The enriched signaling pathways and transcription factors were analyzed using Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) website and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) assay. The transcriptional networks were created by Cytoscape.
Compared with the normal heart tissues, 90 genes were particularly differentially expressed in failing heart tissues, and those genes were associated with multiple metabolism signaling pathways and insulin signaling pathway. Metabolism and insulin signaling pathway were both inactivated in failing heart tissues. Transcription factors MYC and C/EBPβ were both negatively associated with the expression profiling of failing heart tissues in GSEA assay. Moreover, compared with normal heart tissues, MYC and C/EBPβ were down regulated in failing heart tissues. Furthermore, MYC and C/EBPβ mediated downstream target genes were also decreased in failing heart tissues. MYC and C/EBPβ were positively correlated with each other. At last, we constructed MYC and C/EBPβ mediated regulatory networks in failing heart tissues, and identified the MYC and C/EBPβ target genes which had been reported involving the heart failure developmental progress.
Our results suggested that metabolism pathways and insulin signaling pathway, transcription factors MYC and C/EBPβ played critical roles in heart failure developmental progress.
TP53 is rarely mutated in paediatric neuroblastoma. The prognosis of TP53 and TP53-associated genes in paediatric neuroblastoma is unclear. The objectives of the study were to analyse datasets of ...2477 paediatric neuroblastoma patients from eight independent cohorts to reveal the prognosis of TP53 and TP53-associated genes.
High TP53 mRNA expression was associated with shortened event-free survival and overall survival in paediatric neuroblastoma. Moreover, a higher enrichment score of the TP53 signalling pathway was associated with worse clinical outcomes of paediatric neuroblastoma. Among the genes associated with TP53, CCNE1, CDK2 and CHEK2 were correlated with unfavourable clinical outcomes, while SESN1 was correlated with favourable clinical outcomes of paediatric neuroblastoma in the eight independent neuroblastoma cohorts. TP53, CCNE1, CDK2 and CHEK2 were overexpressed in neuroblastoma patients with MYCN amplification, while SESN1 was downregulated in neuroblastoma patients with MYCN amplification. CCNE1, SESN1, MYCN amplification and age at diagnosis were independent prognostic markers of neuroblastoma. CCNE1 was also highly expressed in paediatric neuroblastoma patients with an age at diagnosis ≥ 18 months, while SESN1 was downregulated in paediatric neuroblastoma patients with an age at diagnosis ≥ 18 months. Combinations of CCNE1 with age at diagnosis or combinations of SESN1 with age at diagnosis achieved superior prognostic effects in paediatric neuroblastoma. Finally, we constructed a nomogram risk model of paediatric neuroblastoma based on age and TP53, CCNE1, CDK2, CHEK2 and SESN1 expression. The nomogram model could predict the overall survival of paediatric neuroblastoma and MYCN nonamplified paediatric neuroblastoma with high specificity and sensitivity.
TP53 and TP53-associated genes CCNE1, CDK2, CHEK2 and SESN1 were significantly associated with the clinical outcomes of paediatric neuroblastoma.
In order to prevent the backward flow of piezoelectric pumps, this paper presents a single-active-chamber piezoelectric membrane pump with multiple passive check valves. Under the condition of a ...fixed total number of passive check valves, by means of changing the inlet valves and outlet valves' configuration, the pumping characteristics in terms of flow rate and backpressure are experimentally investigated. Like the maximum flow rate and backpressure, the testing results show that the optimal frequencies are significantly affected by changes in the number inlet valves and outlet valves. The variation ratios of the maximum flow rate and the maximum backpressure are up to 66% and less than 20%, respectively. Furthermore, the piezoelectric pump generally demonstrates very similar flow rate and backpressure characteristics when the number of inlet valves in one kind of configuration is the same as that of outlet valves in another configuration. The comparison indicates that the backflow from the pumping chamber to inlet is basically the same as the backflow from the outlet to the pumping chamber. No matter whether the number of inlet valves or the number of outlet valves is increased, the backflow can be effectively reduced. In addition, the backpressure fluctuation can be significantly suppressed with an increase of either inlet valves or outlet valves. It also means that the pump can prevent the backflow more effectively at the cost of power consumption. The pump is very suitable for conditions where more accurate flow rates are needed and wear and fatigue of check valves often occur.
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