As the main means to dovetail the domestic system with international rules, institutional openness is the key to deepening participation in the global economic governance system, breaking through ...energy and carbon emission constraints, and achieving green and sustainable economic development. Taking 284 prefecture-level cities in China from 2006 to 2019 as the research sample, this paper uses the establishment of Pilot Free Trade Zones as a quasi-natural experiment to systematically identify and test the actual impact of institutional openness on urban carbon emissions in China through the asymptotic difference in difference method, instrumental variables method, spatial econometric model, and mediating effects model. Meanwhile, technological progress is used as the entry point to analyze the intrinsic mechanism of action by adopting digital transformation oriented to efficiency improvement and green innovation capability oriented to R&D innovation as the differentiated perspective. It is found that institutional openness significantly suppresses urban CO
emissions, and there is a certain heterogeneity and spatial spillover effect of this effect. Further study finds that institutional openness achieves carbon emission reduction through technological progress. The study aims to find new institutional innovation and development paths for low carbon development.
Oscillation is an important cellular process that regulates timing of different vital life cycles. However, in the noisy cellular environment, oscillations can be highly inaccurate due to phase ...fluctuations. It remains poorly understood how biochemical circuits suppress phase fluctuations and what is the incurred thermodynamic cost. Here, we study three different types of biochemical oscillations representing three basic oscillation motifs shared by all known oscillatory systems. In all the systems studied, we find that the phase diffusion constant depends on the free energy dissipation per period following the same inverse relation parameterized by system specific constants. This relationship and its range of validity are shown analytically in a model of noisy oscillation. Microscopically, we find that the oscillation is driven by multiple irreversible cycles that hydrolyze the fuel molecules such as ATP; the number of phase coherent periods is proportional to the free energy consumed per period. Experimental evidence in support of this general relationship and testable predictions are also presented.
Abstract
Forestry plays an essential role in reducing CO
2
emissions and promoting green and sustainable development. This paper estimates the CO
2
emissions of 30 provinces in China from 2008 to ...2017, and uses Global DEA-Malmquist to measure the total factor productivity of the forestry industry and its decomposition index. On this basis, by constructing a spatial econometric model, this paper aims to empirically study the impact of forestry industry's total factor productivity and its decomposition index on CO
2
emissions, and further analyze its direct, indirect and total effects. The study finds that the impact of forestry industry's total factor productivity on CO
2
emissions shows an "inverted U-shaped" curve and the inflection point is 0.9395. The spatial spillover effect of CO
2
emissions is significantly negative. The increase of CO
2
emissions in adjacent areas will provide a "negative case" for the region, so that the region can better address its own energy conservation and emission reduction goals. TFP of forestry industry also has positive spatial spillover effect. However, considering the particularity of forestry industry, this effect is not very significant. For other factors, such as foreign direct investment, urbanization level, industrial structure and technology market turnover will also significantly affect regional CO
2
emissions.
The small well spacing block was encrypted and adjusted three times from 2009 to 2012, with the injection and extraction well spacing shortened from 250m to 106m, and the proportion of small well ...spacing wells accounting for 71.3% of the water drive, mainly distributed in Area A, Area B and Area C. The current well network density in the small well spacing area is 90.7 wells/Km2, the formation pressure is 9.12Mpa, there are more exploited layers vertically, the contradiction between layers and within layers is prominent, and there are large differences in oil formation mobilization, resulting in a rapid rise in water content. Through fine geological research, the focus is on improving the use of thin and poor oil formations, controlling the rate of water-bearing rise and restoring the energy of the formation, and constantly exploring effective methods for “controlling water-bearing and decreasing” during the period of exceptionally high water-bearing, so as to improve the development effect of the block and achieve the purpose of stabilizing oil and controlling water.
Abstract
The loss of hypocretin is thought to be the main pathophysiological mechanism of narcolepsy. There is strong evidence that hypocretin is related to the regulation of endocrine functions and ...depression. To explore thyroid hormone levels in narcolepsy patients was our aim. In addition, further is to analyze the relationship between thyroid hormone levels and sleep quality, anxiety, and depression in narcolepsy patients. There are 40 patients with narcolepsy and 40 healthy controls (HCs) were conducted. Blood samples were explored for thyroid function. Correlation analysis between thyroid hormones and clinical characteristics of narcolepsy was performed using Pearson or Spearman. Narcolepsy patients had significantly lower free thyroxine (FT
4
) levels in comparison to controls (p < 0.001). No subject was diagnosed with primary hypothyroidism. There were 4 (10%) subjects with subclinical hypothyroidism. The serum FT4 levels were positively correlated with HAMA
14
score (r = − 0.343, p = 0.030) by Pearson correlation analysis. The serum TSH levels and HAMD
24
score (r = − 0.807 p ˂0.001), and ESS score (r = − 0.317, p = 0.046) both showed a negative correction. Hypocretin deficiency may be associated with the regulation of thyroid hormones in narcolepsy patients. The serum thyroid hormones may affect the severity and neuropsychological functions of narcolepsy patients.
The Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) four-dimensional variational data assimilation (4D-Var) system described in Part I of this study is compared with its corresponding three-dimensional ...variational data assimilation (3D-Var) system using a Great Plains squall line observed during the International H sub(2)O Project. Two 3D-Var schemes are used in the comparison: a standard 3D-Var radar data assimilation (DA) that is the same as the 4D-Var except for the exclusion of the constraining dynamical model and an enhanced 3D-Var that includes a scheme to assimilate an estimated in-cloud humidity field. The comparison is made by verifying their skills in 0-6-h quantitative precipitation forecast (QPF) against stage-IV analysis, as well as in wind forecasts against radial velocity observations. The relative impacts of assimilating radial velocity and reflectivity on QPF are also compared between the 4D-Var and 3D-Var by conducting data-denial experiments. The results indicate that 4D-Var substantially improves the QPF skill over the standard 3D-Var for the entire 6-h forecast range and over the enhanced 3D-Var for most forecast hours. Radial velocity has a larger impact relative to reflectivity in 4D-Var than in 3D-Var in the first 3 h because of a quicker precipitation spinup. The analyses and forecasts from the 4D-Var and 3D-Var schemes are further compared by examining the meridional wind, horizontal convergence, low-level cold pool, and midlevel temperature perturbation, using analyses from the Variational Doppler Radar Analysis System (VDRAS) as references. The diagnoses of these fields suggest that the 4D-Var analyzes the low-level cold pool, its leading edge convergence, and midlevel latent heating in closer resemblance to the VDRAS analyses than the 3D-Var schemes.
Neurodegenerative diseases are becoming prevalent as the population ages. Geniposide could inhibit oxidative stress, reduce apoptosis, protect neuron, and has been used for therapy of the ...neurodegenerative diseases. The bioavailability of geniposide by nasal route is greater than that by oral administration. However, mucociliary clearance is a rate-limiting factor for nasal route administration. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a mucoadhesive, thermoreversible in situ nasal gel of geniposide. The poloxamers (P407, P188) and the hydroxypropyl methylcellulose were used as thermoreversible and mucoadhesive polymers, respectively. Borneol was used as a permeation enhancer. The hydrogel was prepared with the cold method and optimized by the response surface methodology-central composite design. Gelation temperature, pH, clarity, gel strength, mucoadhesive strength, in vitro and ex vivo release kinetics of formulations were evaluated. The optimized amounts of poloxamer407 (P407), poloxamer188 (P188) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose were determined to be 19.4-20.5%, 1.1-4.0% and 0.3-0.6% respectively. The second-order polynomial equation in terms of actual factors indicated a satisfactory correlation between the independent variables and the response (R2 = 0.9760). An ANOVA of the empirical second-order polynomial model indicated the model was significant (P<0.01). P407, P188, P407×P188, P4072 and P1882 were significant model terms. The effects of P407 on gelation temperature were greater than those of other independent variables. The pH values of all the formulations were found to be within 6.3-6.5 which was in the nasal physiological pH range 4.5-6.5. The drug content, gel strength, mucoadhesive strength of the optimized formulations were 97-101%, 25-50 sec and 4000-6000 dyn/cm2 respectively. The in vitro release kinetics of cumulative release of geniposide was fitted to the zero-order model. The ex vivo cumulative release kinetics of geniposide was fitted to the Weibull model. This study concludes that the release of geniposide is controlled by gel corrosion, and that the permeation of geniposide is time-dependent. The more residence time, mucoadhesive, thermoreversible in situ nasal gel of geniposide for neurodegenerative diseases is of compliance and potential application.
Automatic management of cash flow from the perspective of cybernetics decisions can improve work efficiency and accuracy of cash flow management. Disadvantage of traditional fuzzy control method is ...that it only expresses fuzziness and ignores randomness. The automatic management of cash flow involves variables representing the fuzziness and randomness of human cognition which need new calculation methods to solve. Based on fuzzy control this paper proposes a cloud set control decision method for cash flow management. Cloud set and its I operation and P operation are described. Methods are studied including observation variables and control variables, fuzziness of observation variables and control variables, description of rules, and cloud reasoning based on cloud set. The method is applied successfully in automatic management of cash flow in which control amount of expenditure intensity is -2.285. It is shown that this method can effectively obtain reasonable control quantities considering fuzzy and random properties by the comparison with fuzzy control method. The method for automatic management of cash flow proposed has greater objectivity and effectiveness for the integration of fuzzy and randomness representing human cognition and decision.
Atmospheric new particle formation (NPF) is an important global phenomenon that is nevertheless sensitive to ambient conditions. According to both observation and theoretical arguments, NPF usually ...requires a relatively high sulfuric acid (H
SO
) concentration to promote the formation of new particles and a low preexisting aerosol loading to minimize the sink of new particles. We investigated NPF in Shanghai and were able to observe both precursor vapors (H
SO
) and initial clusters at a molecular level in a megacity. High NPF rates were observed to coincide with several familiar markers suggestive of H
SO
-dimethylamine (DMA)-water (H
O) nucleation, including sulfuric acid dimers and H
SO
-DMA clusters. In a cluster kinetics simulation, the observed concentration of sulfuric acid was high enough to explain the particle growth to ~3 nanometers under the very high condensation sink, whereas the subsequent higher growth rate beyond this size is believed to result from the added contribution of condensing organic species. These findings will help in understanding urban NPF and its air quality and climate effects, as well as in formulating policies to mitigate secondary particle formation in China.
This study aims to explore the research methodology of applying the Transformer model algorithm to Chinese word sense disambiguation, seeking to resolve word sense ambiguity in the Chinese language. ...The study introduces deep learning and designs a Chinese word sense disambiguation model based on the fusion of the Transformer with the Bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) algorithm. By utilizing the self-attention mechanism of Transformer and the sequence modeling capability of BiLSTM, this model efficiently captures semantic information and context relationships in Chinese sentences, leading to accurate word sense disambiguation. The model's evaluation is conducted using the PKU Paraphrase Bank, a Chinese text paraphrase dataset. The results demonstrate that the model achieves a precision rate of 83.71% in Chinese word sense disambiguation, significantly outperforming the Long Short-Term Memory algorithm. Additionally, the root mean squared error of this algorithm is less than 17, with a loss function value remaining around 0.14. Thus, this study validates that the constructed Transformer-fused BiLSTM-based Chinese word sense disambiguation model algorithm exhibits both high accuracy and robustness in identifying word senses in the Chinese language. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for advancing the intelligent development of word senses in Chinese language applications.
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