Up to 90% of cancer-related deaths are caused by metastatic cancer. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), a type of cancer cell that spreads through the blood after detaching from a solid tumor, are ...essential for the establishment of distant metastasis for a given cancer. As a new type of liquid biopsy, analysis of CTCs offers the possibility to avoid invasive tissue biopsy procedures with practical implications for diagnostics. The fundamental challenges of analyzing and profiling CTCs are the extremely low abundances of CTCs in the blood and the intrinsic heterogeneity of CTCs. Various technologies have been proposed for the enrichment and single-cell analysis of CTCs. This review aims to provide in-depth insights into CTC analysis, including various techniques for isolation of CTCs with capture methods based on physical and biochemical principles, and single-cell analysis of CTCs at the genomic, proteomic and phenotypic level, as well as current developmental trends and promising research directions.
This review aims to provide in-depth insights into CTC analysis, including various techniques for isolation of CTCs and single-cell analysis of CTCs, as well as current developmental trends and promising research directions.
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore whether single and married female job candidates’ un/employment histories differentially affect their chances of obtaining interviews through China’s ...internet job boards, and to consider whether firms’ discrimination against, and/or preference for, candidates who are un/employed vary with the duration of unemployment spells.
Design/methodology/approach
Resumes of fictitious applicants are carefully crafted in terms of realistic work histories and educational backgrounds. Candidates’ experiences of unemployment and the revelation of their marital status are controlled. Over 7,000 applications are submitted to real job postings. Callbacks are carefully tracked and recorded. Linear probability models are employed to assess the roles of particular characteristics.
Findings
The marital status of female candidates affects how recruiters screen their applications. While current spells of unemployment, whether short or long term, significantly reduce married women’s chances of obtaining job interviews in the Chinese context, they strongly increase the likelihood that single women will be invited for interviews. Chinese firms appear to “forgive” long-term gaps in women’s employment histories as long as those gaps are followed by subsequent employment.
Originality/value
This paper is the first to explore how marital status affects the ways that firms, when hiring, interpret spells of unemployment in candidates’ work histories. It is also the first to explore the effects of both marital status and unemployment spells in hiring in the context of China’s dynamic internet job board labor market.
ABSTRACT
We report on the evolution of X-ray spectral and timing properties of the X-ray binary MAXI J1727 − 203 based on NICER/XTI and MAXI/GSC observations. Over the course of the outburst, a ...transition from the intermediate state to the high/soft state, and then back to the low/hard state was observed. During the high/soft state, the innermost radius estimated from the multi-colour disc model remained constant at $\sim 145.0\ (\frac{D}{10\ \mathrm{kpc}}) \ {(\frac{\cos i}{\cos 0^{\circ }})}^{-1/2}$ km, where D is the source distance and i is the inclination. Assuming that the binary system contain a Schwarzschild black hole and has an inclination angle of 0°–84°, and considering the typical Eddington ratio at the transition back to the low/hard state, the black hole mass was estimated to be M ≥ 11.5 M⊙ for a distance of D ≥ 5.9 kpc. We also attempted to constrain the black hole mass and distance with a different method by combining the results from optical and near-infrared photometric observations. We modelled the near-infrared to X-ray spectral energy distributions obtained in the outburst period with an irradiated disk model, and estimated the lower limit of the black hole mass for a given distance, assuming both accretion disk and companion star fill their Roche lobe. The lower limit was, however, found to be much higher than the constraint obtained from the X-ray data. We discuss several possible causes of this inconsistency. It is difficult to fully resolve the conflict by a single cause and hence a combination of causes is required.
Several studies have demonstrated the expression status of CD56 was associated with prognosis in multiple myeloma (MM) patients, the prognostic significance remains controversial. Here, the ...prognostic value of CD56 is further investigated in MM patients.
We systematically searched the databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library. The hazard ratios (HRs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled to evaluate the relationship between CD56 and overall survival (OS) and progress-free survival (PFS).
A total of 14 studies covering 1365 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The results revealed that CD56 negativity in MM was associated with poorer OS (HR = 1.83, 95% CI = 1.29-2.60, P = 0.001) and PFS (HR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.27-1.95, P = 0.000). Subgroup analysis further demonstrated that there was an effect of treatment regimen, detection method, survival analysis, study region and the cut-off value of CD56 on CD56 expression.
The meta-analysis suggested that CD56 negative patients had a poor prognosis for OS in Asian patients and for PFS in non-Asian patients. Novel drugs didn't show a significant improvement or overcome on the adverse prognosis brought by CD56 negativity. For patients undergone autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT), the poor prognosis was overcome by the treatment, which shed a light on the prognostic judgment and individualized treatment.
Locating underground microseismic events is important for monitoring subsurface activity and understanding the planetary subsurface evolution. Due to bandwidth limitations, especially in applications ...involving planetarily-distributed sensor networks, networks should be designed to perform the localization algorithm in-situ, so that only the source location information needs to be sent out, not the raw data. In this paper, we propose a decentralized Gaussian beam time-reverse imaging (GB-TRI) algorithm that can be incorporated to the distributed sensors to detect and locate underground microseismic events with reduced usage of computational resources and communication bandwidth of the network. After the in-situ distributed computation, the final real-time location result is generated and delivered. We used a real-time simulation platform to test the performance of the system. We also evaluated the stability and accuracy of our proposed GB-TRI localization algorithm using extensive experiments and tests.
The annual incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) continues to rise steadily. In recent years, adipose tissue (AT) has gained recognition as a pivotal contributor to the pathogenesis ...of NAFLD. Employing bibliometric analysis, we examined literature concerning AT and NAFLD.
Relevant literature on AT in NAFLD from 1980 to 2022 was extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection. These records were visualized using CiteSpace and VOSviewer regarding publications, countries/regions, institutions, authors, journals, references, and keywords.
Since 2002, a total of 3,330 papers have been included, exhibiting an annual surge in publications. Notably, the quality of publications is superior in the USA and Europe. Kenneth Cusi stands out as the author with the highest number of publications and H-index.
is the journal boasting the highest citation and H-index. The University of California System holds the highest centrality among institutions. References specifically delve into physiological processes associated with AT in NAFLD. Currently, lipid metabolism and inflammation constitute the principal research mechanisms in the AT-based regulation of NAFLD, with pertinent keywords including microRNA, T cell, hypoxia, sarcopenia, hepatokine, gut microbiota, and autophagy. The Mediterranean diet is among the most widely recommended dietary approaches for potential NAFLD treatment.
This paper represents the inaugural bibliometric study on the effects of AT on NAFLD, offering valuable insights and directions for future research.
Background
Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a metabolic syndrome of the liver, and its incidence is increasing worldwide. Accumulating evidence suggests that bile acids are associated ...with NAFLD. Although many studies on bile acids and NAFLD have been published over the past 20 years, the authors of this study have not found a relevant bibliometric analysis in this field. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the trend of publications, summarize current research hotspots and predict future research directions through bibliometric analysis in this field.
Method
Articles related to bile acids and NAFLD published between 2002 and 2022 were obtained from the Science Citation Index‐Expanded of Web of Science Core Collection. Microsoft Excel, CiteSpace, VOSviewer and Bibliometric Online Analysis Platform were used to analyse the publication trends and research hotspots in this field.
Results
Among the articles published between 2002 and 2022, we retrieved 1284 articles related to bile acids and NAFLD, and finally included 568 articles. The USA was dominant until 2020, after which China surpassed the USA to become the dominant force. These two countries cooperate the most closely, and are also the most active in international cooperation. The University of California (UCL) was the most published institution, with a total of 31 publications. There were six authors who have published nine articles and ranked first. The keywords cluster labels show the 10 main clusters: #0fatty liver, #1obeticholic acid, #2oxidative stress, #37 alpha hydroxy 4 cholesten 3 one, #4deoxycholic acid, #5nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, #6mouse model, #7fibroblast growth factor 21, #8animal models, #9high‐fat diet. Keywords burst analysis revealed a higher intensity of study for the nuclear receptor, FXR, and metabolic syndrome.
Conclusion
Bile acids have become an important research direction in the field of NAFLD, and the intervention of gut microbiota in NAFLD by acting on bile acids may become a potential hotspot for future research. This study provides reference and guidance for future research, and will help scholars better explore the field and innovatively discover the mechanisms and treatments of NAFLD.
This study provides a reference and guidance for further research on the mechanisms and treatment methods related to bile acids and NAFLD, and helps scholars better explore this field.
Abstract
We report on the X-ray spectral analysis and time evolution of GRS 1739−278 during its 2014 outburst, based on MAXI/GSC and Swift/XRT observations. Over the course of the outburst, a ...transition from the low/hard state to the high/soft state and then back to the low/hard state was seen. During the high/soft state, the innermost disk temperature mildly decreased, while the innermost radius estimated with the multi-color disk model remained constant at ∼18 (D/8.5 kpc)(cos i/cos 30°)−1/2 km, where D is the source distance and i is the inclination of observation. This small innermost radius of the accretion disk suggests that the central object is more likely to be a Kerr black hole rather than a Schwardzschild black hole. Applying a relativistic disk emission model to the high/soft state spectra, a mass upper limit of 18.3 M⊙ was obtained based on the inclination limit i < 60° for an assumed distance of 8.5 kpc. Using the empirical relation of the transition luminosity to the Eddington limit, the mass is constrained to 4.0–18.3 M⊙ for the same distance. The mass can be further constrained to be no larger than 9.5 M⊙ by adopting the constraints based on the fits to the NuSTAR spectra with relativistically blurred disk reflection models (Miller et al. 2015, ApJ, 799, L6).
A good understanding of the chemical disorder in silicon carbide (SiC) after ion irradiation is crucial for evaluating structural stability in both semiconductor and nuclear power systems. In this ...study, 6H-SiC single-crystal was irradiated with 500 keV He and 2.5 MeV Fe ions at room temperature, followed by annealing at 1500 °C for 2 h. The chemical disorders were investigated by electron energy-loss spectroscopy with the transmission electron microscopy at 200 kV. Facetted voids were found in the end region of the damaged layer. Compared with the substrate region, the Si at.% was lower, while the values of C and O at.% were higher, in particular in inner voids. SiCOx (x < 1) bonds at the inner surface of the voids were detected. The energy losses of Si, C edges shifted to be lower in the damaged layer. The possible reason is discussed, and the research results will be used for understanding the ion irradiation-induced damage in SiC.
Mitomycins are a family of naturally occurring, potent alkylating agents in which the C member has been clinically used for cancer chemotherapy for over 5 decades. In Streptomyces caespitosus, ...mitomycins are derived from an N-glycoside composed of a 3-amino-5-hydroxybenzoic acid (AHBA) unit and a d-glucosamine (GlcN) unit; however, how this N-glycoside is formed and rearranged to a mitosane, for example, the compact polycyclic ring system of mitomycin C, remains elusive. Benefiting from the development of a method used to trace the mitomycin intermediates that accumulate on an acyl carrier protein (ACP), we here dissect the enzymatic steps for AHBA–GlcN formation and processing to underlie the mitosane structure. Following the N-glycosylation of AHBA with activated N-acetyl-GlcN, deacetylation occurs on ACP to provide AHBA–GlcN. Then, the sugar portion of this N-glycoside is transformed into a linear aminodiol that terminates with an epoxyethane, yielding an ACP-channeled intermediate that is ready for mitosane formation through crosslinking between the AHBA and linearized sugar units. This transformation is unusual and relies on the functional association of a dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate)-dependent protein with a radical S-adenosyl-l-methionine protein. Characterization of these ACP-based enzymatic steps for AHBA–GlcN formation and processing sheds light on the poorly understood biosynthetic pathway of mitomycins.
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