Iridium-catalyzed boron-hydrogen bond insertion reactions of trimethylamine-borane and sulfoxonium ylides have been demonstrated, furnishing α-boryl ketones in moderate to excellent yields in most ...cases (51 examples; up to 84%). This practical and scalable insertion reaction showed broad substrate scope, high functional-group compatibility and could be applied in late-stage modification of structurally complex drug compounds. Further synthetic applications were also demonstrated.
Iridium-catalyzed boron-hydrogen bond insertion reactions of trimethylamine-borane and sulfoxonium ylides have been demonstrated, furnishing α-boryl ketones in moderate to excellent yields in most cases (51 examples; up to 84%).
BACKGROUND:Anastomotic leak is a life-threatening complication of colorectal surgery. Recent studies showed that indocyanine green fluorescence angiography might be a method to prevent anastomotic ...leak.
OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to investigate whether intraoperative indocyanine green fluorescence angiography can reduce the incidence of anastomotic leak.
DATA SOURCES:Potential relevant studies were identified from the following databasesPubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure.
STUDY SELECTION:This meta-analysis included comparative studies investigating the association between indocyanine green fluorescence angiography and anastomotic leak in patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer where the diagnosis of anastomotic leak was confirmed by CT and the outcomes of the indocyanine green group were compared with a control group.
INTERVENTION:Indocyanine green was injected intravenously after the division of the mesentery and colon but before anastomosis.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale was used to assess methodologic quality of the studies. ORs and 95% CIs were used to assess the association between indocyanine green and anastomotic leak.
RESULTS:In 4 studies with a total sample size of 1177, comparing the number of anastomotic leaks in the indocyanine green and control groups, the ORs were 0.45 (95% CI, 0.18–1.12), 0.30 (95% CI, 0.03–2.98), 0.17 (95% CI, 0.01–3.69), and 0.12 (95% CI, 0.03–0.52). The combined OR was 0.27 (95% CI, 0.13–0.53). The difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001), and there was no significant heterogeneity (p = 0.48; I = 0).
LIMITATIONS:Data could not be pooled because of the small number of studies; some differences between studies may influence the results. Also, the pooled data were not randomized.
CONCLUSIONS:The result revealed that indocyanine green was associated with a lower anastomotic leakage rate after colorectal resection. However, larger, multicentered, high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm the benefit of indocyanine green fluorescence angiography.
•A ferromagnetic mixed spin Ising model was used to describe the graphdiyne bilayer with JRKKY interaction.•Thermodynamic properties and magnetocaloric effect were presented by Monte Carlo ...simulation.•Magnetic entropy change caused by exchange coupling, nonmagnetic layer and external magnetic field were discussed.•The relative cooling power RCP under the external field change was obtained.
Based on the Monte Carlo method, a ferromagnetic mixed spin-3/2 and spin-5/2 Ising model is extended to research the thermodynamic and magnetocaloric properties of the graphdiyne bilayer under the presence of the external magnetic field. The results of the finite-size effect show that the thickness of the nonmagnetic layers and the total number of the atoms have the significant influence on the studied quantities including magnetization, susceptibility, internal energy, specific heat, magnetic entropy, and magnetic entropy change. In addition, the maximum of the magnetic entropy change -ΔSm can be improved by increasing the exchange interaction between atoms b in the bottom magnetic surface Jb/Ja and adding the nonmagnetic layers L. We also obtain the relative cooling power RCP under the change of the external field Δh/Ja.
The atmospheric CO2 concentration continues a rapid increase to its current record high value of 416 ppm for the time being. It calls for advanced CO2 capture technologies. One of the attractive ...technologies is physical adsorption‐based separation, which shows easy regeneration and high cycle stability, and thus reduced energy penalties and cost. The extensive research on this topic is evidenced by the growing body of scientific and technical literature. The progress spans from the innovation of novel porous adsorbents to practical separation practices. Major CO2 capture materials include the most widely used industrially relevant porous carbons, zeolites, activated alumina, mesoporous silica, and the newly emerging metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent‐organic framework (COFs). The key intrinsic properties such as pore structure, surface chemistry, preferable adsorption sites, and other structural features that would affect CO2 capture capacity, selectivity, and recyclability are first discussed. The industrial relevant variables such as particle size of adsorbents, the mechanical strength, adsorption heat management, and other technological advances are equally important, even more crucial when scaling up from bench and pilot‐scale to demonstration and commercial scale. Therefore, we aim to bring a full picture of the adsorption‐based CO2 separation technologies, from adsorbent design, intrinsic property evaluation to performance assessment not only under ideal equilibrium conditions but also in realistic pressure swing adsorption processes.
Divide and conquer: This Review discusses the recent advances in adsorption‐based CO2 separation technology, from porous materials synthesis, adsorbents’ intrinsic property evaluation to performance assessments not only in view of the ideal equilibrium conditions but also in critically practical perspective.
The Hilbert–Huang transform (HHT) is a novel signal analysis method in seismic exploration. It integrates empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and classical Hilbert transform (HT), which can express ...the intrinsic essence using simple and understandable algorithm. But there is a serious mode mixing phenomenon in EMD. To solve the mode mixing problem, a noise‐assisted data analysis method called ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) is adopted instead of EMD. In this paper, the applications of EMD and EEMD on time–frequency analyzing behaviors were compared, and the results show that (1) EMD decomposes an original nonlinear and non-stationary signal into a series of simple intrinsic mode functions (IMFs), but with the mode mixing phenomenon. (2) EEMD skillfully solves the mode mixing problem by adding a white noise to the original signal. (3) The synthetic signal example reveals the remarkable ability of EEMD to decompose the signal into different IMFs and analyze the time–frequency distribution of the signal. (4) The time–frequency spectrum obtained by EEMD more realistically reflects the real geology than by EMD.
► EMD decomposes a complex original signal to a series of simple IMFs. ► EEMD skillfully solves the mode mixing phenomenon. ► EEMD accurately decomposes the synthetic signal example into simple IMFs. ► EEMD exactly analyzes and reflects the time–frequency distribution of the signal.
This paper reports the results of a large randomized field experiment that investigates the extent to which nudges can stimulate student participation in teaching evaluations. The three nudges that ...we used were designed to either: (1) heighten students’ perceived impact of teaching evaluations, (2) communicate a descriptive norm of high participation, and (3) use the commitment-consistency principle by asking students to commit to participation. We find that none of the nudges were effective: all treatment effects are insignificant and close to zero in magnitude. Exploring heterogeneous treatment effects, we find evidence that the effectiveness of both the impact and commitment treatments differed across students. The impact treatment had a negative effect on the participation of bachelor-level students, but not on that of master-level students. The commitment treatment increased participation among students with good average grades, whereas it decreased participation for students whose average grades were poor.
A series of (1-x)Bi
La
Na
Li
Ti
Zr
O
-xNa
Bi
NbO
((1-x)LLBNTZ-xNBN) (x = 0-0.14) ceramics were designed and fabricated using the conventional solid-state sintering method. The phase structure, ...microstructure, dielectric, ferroelectric and energy storage properties of the ceramics were systematically investigated. The results indicate that the addition of Na
Bi
NbO
(NBN) could decrease the remnant polarization (P
) and improve the temperature stability of dielectric constant obviously. The working temperature range satisfying TCC
≤±15% of this work spans over 400 °C with the compositions of x ≥ 0.06. The maximum energy storage density can be obtained for the sample with x = 0.10 at room temperature, with an energy storage density of 2.04 J/cm
at 178 kV/cm. In addition, the (1-x)LLBNTZ-xNBN ceramics exhibit excellent energy storage properties over a wide temperature range from room temperature to 90 °C. The values of energy storage density and energy storage efficiency is 0.91 J/cm
and 79.51%, respectively, for the 0.90LLBNTZ-0.10NBN ceramic at the condition of 100 kV/cm and 90 °C. It can be concluded that the (1-x)LLBNTZ-xNBN ceramics are promising lead-free candidate materials for energy storage devices over a broad temperature range.
Professional association football is a game of talent. The success of a professional club hinges largely on its ability of assembling the best team. Building on a dataset of player transfer records ...among more than 400 clubs in 24 world-wide top class leagues from 2011 to 2015, this study aims to relate a club's success to its activities in the player transfer market from a network perspective. We confirm that modern professional football is indeed a money game, in which larger investment spent on the acquisition of talented players generally yields better team performance. However, further investigation shows that professional football clubs can actually play different strategies in surviving or even excelling this game, and the success of strategies is strongly associated to their network properties in the football player transfer network.
Genetic variation has an important role in the development of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, genetic factors for lung cancer have not been fully identified, especially in Chinese ...populations, which limits the use of existing polygenic risk scores (PRS) to identify subpopulations at high risk of lung cancer for prevention. We therefore aimed to identify novel loci associated with NSCLC risk, and generate a PRS and evaluate its utility and effectiveness in the prediction of lung cancer risk in Chinese populations.
To systematically identify genetic variants for NSCLC risk, we newly genotyped 19 546 samples from Chinese NSCLC cases and controls from the Nanjing Medical University Global Screening Array Project and did a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of 27 120 individuals with NSCLC and 27 355 without NSCLC (13 327 cases and 13 328 controls of Chinese descent as well as 13 793 cases and 14 027 controls of European descent). We then built a PRS for Chinese populations from all reported single-nucleotide polymorphisms that have been reported to be associated with lung cancer risk at genome-wide significance level. We evaluated the utility and effectiveness of the generated PRS in predicting subpopulations at high-risk of lung cancer in an independent prospective cohort of 95 408 individuals from the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) with more than 10 years' follow-up.
We identified 19 susceptibility loci to be significantly associated with NSCLC risk at p≤5·0 × 10
, including six novel loci. When applied to the CKB cohort, the PRS of the risk loci successfully predicted lung cancer incident cases in a dose-response manner in participants at a high genetic risk (top 10%) than those at a low genetic risk (bottom 10%; adjusted hazard ratio 1·96, 95% CI 1·53-2·51; p
=2·02 × 10
). Specially, we observed consistently separated curves of lung cancer events in individuals at low, intermediate, and high genetic risk, respectively, and PRS was an independent effective risk stratification indicator beyond age and smoking pack-years.
We have shown for the first time that GWAS-derived PRS can be effectively used in discriminating subpopulations at high risk of lung cancer, who might benefit from a practically feasible PRS-based lung cancer screening programme for precision prevention in Chinese populations.
National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Priority Academic Program for the Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, National Key R&D Program of China, Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of Jiangsu, and China's Thousand Talents Program.
Potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) are recognized as promising alternatives for lithium‐ion batteries as the next‐generation energy storage systems. However, the larger radius of K+ hinders the K+ ...insertion into the conventional carbon electrode and results in sluggish potassiation kinetics and poor cycling stability. Here, nitrogen and fluorine dual doping of soft carbon nanotubes (NFSC) anode are synthesized in one pot, achieving extraordinary electrochemical performance for PIBs. It is demonstrated that NFSC with a doping dose of 5.6 at% nitrogen and 1.3 at% fluorine together exhibits the highest reversible capacity of 238 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 and cycling stability of 186 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles at 1 A g−1. The extraordinary electrochemical performance can be attributed to the hollow structure, expanded interlayer distance, nitrogen and fluorine dual doping, and the binding ability of abundant defect sites. Moreover, density functional theory shows that the extra fluorine modification can dramatically enhance the conventional nitrogen doping effect and reduces the formation energy which makes a great contribution to the improvement of electrical conduction and K‐ions insert. This work may promote the development of low‐cost and sustainable carbon‐based materials for PIBs and other advanced energy storage devices.
The nitrogen and fluorine dual‐doped soft carbon fiber serves as the advanced anode for potassium ion battery. The dual‐doping effect is realized by locking the fluorine and nitrogen sources in the polypyrrole fiber cage which boosts the high conductivity, outstanding rate performance, and cycling stability.
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