The incorporation of dynamic voltage scaling technology into computation offloading offers more flexibilities for mobile edge computing. In this paper, we investigate partial computation offloading ...by jointly optimizing the computational speed of smart mobile device (SMD), transmit power of SMD, and offloading ratio with two system design objectives: energy consumption of SMD minimization (ECM) and latency of application execution minimization (LM). Considering the case that the SMD is served by a single cloud server, we formulate both the ECM problem and the LM problem as nonconvex problems. To tackle the ECM problem, we recast it as a convex one with the variable substitution technique and obtain its optimal solution. To address the nonconvex and nonsmooth LM problem, we propose a locally optimal algorithm with the univariate search technique. Furthermore, we extend the scenario to a multiple cloud servers system, where the SMD could offload its computation to a set of cloud servers. In this scenario, we obtain the optimal computation distribution among cloud servers in closed form for the ECM and LM problems. Finally, extensive simulations demonstrate that our proposed algorithms can significantly reduce the energy consumption and shorten the latency with respect to the existing offloading schemes.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the commonest primary hepatic malignancy and the third most common cause of cancer‐related death worldwide. Incidence remains highest in the developing world and is ...steadily increasing across the developed world. Current diagnostic modalities, of ultrasound and α‐fetoprotein, are expensive and lack sensitivity in tumor detection. Because of its asymptomatic nature, HCC is usually diagnosed at late and advanced stages, for which there are no effective therapies. Thus, biomarkers for early detection and molecular targets for treating HCC are urgently needed. Emerging high‐throughput metabolomics technologies have been widely applied, aiming at the discovery of candidate biomarkers for cancer staging, prediction of recurrence and prognosis, and treatment selection. Metabolic profiles, which are affected by many physiological and pathological processes, may provide further insight into the metabolic consequences of this severe liver disease. Small‐molecule metabolites have an important role in biological systems and represent attractive candidates to understand HCC phenotypes. The power of metabolomics allows an unparalleled opportunity to query the molecular mechanisms of HCC. This technique‐driven review aims to demystify the metabolomics pathway, while also illustrating the potential of this technique, with recent examples of its application in HCC. (HEPATOLOGY 2013)
The electrocatalytic activity of transition-metal-based compounds is strongly related to the spin states. However, the underlying relationship connecting spin to catalytic activity remains unclear. ...Herein, we carried out density functional theory calculations on oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalyzed by Fe single-atom supported on C2N (C2N–Fe) to shed light on this relationship. It is found that the change of electronic spin moments of Fe and O2 due to molecular-catalyst adsorption scales with the amount of electron transfer from Fe to O2, which promotes the catalytic activity of C2N–Fe for driving ORR. The nearly linear relationship between the catalytic activity and spin moment variation suggests electronic spin moment as a promising catalytic descriptor for Fe single-atom based catalysts. Following the revealed relationship, the ORR barrier on C2N–Fe was tuned to be as low as 0.10 eV through judicious manipulation of spin states. These findings thus provide important insights into the relationship between catalytic activity and spin, leading to new strategies for designing transition metal single-atom catalysts.
PtFeCo alloy nanostructures in a TriStar shape with tunable Fe and Co content are developed for the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). With electronic and surface structures ...well‐tailored, the PtFeCo nanostructures exhibit dramatically enhanced performance in HER against commercial Pt/C and other Pt‐based nanoparticles.
Based on DFT calculations, we propose a TM@CN hybrid structure, in which the single-atom transition metal (TM = Pt, Pd, Co, Ni, Cu) is supported by graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN), as a promising ...high-performance OER catalyst. Our work reveals the importance of local TM coordination in catalysts for the OER, which would lead to a new class of low-cost, durable and efficient OER catalysts.
To improve the clinical course of diseases, more accurate diagnostic and assessment methods are required as early as possible. In order to achieve this, metabolomics offers new opportunities for ...biomarker discovery in complex diseases and may provide pathological understanding of diseases beyond traditional technologies. It is the systematic analysis of low-molecular-weight metabolites in biological samples and has become an important tool in clinical research and the diagnosis of human disease and has been applied to discovery and identification of the perturbed pathways. It provides a powerful approach to discover biomarkers in biological systems and offers a holistic approach with the promise to clinically enhance diagnostics. When carried out properly, it could provide insight into the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of diseases, help to identify patients at risk of disease, and predict the response to specific treatments. Currently, metabolomics has become an important tool in clinical research and the diagnosis of human disease and becomes a hot topic. This review will highlight the importance and benefit of metabolomics for identifying biomarkers that accurately screen potential biomarkers of diseases.
African swine fever (ASF) entered China in August 2018 and rapidly spread across the entire country, severely threatening the Chinese domestic pig population, which accounts for more than 50% of the ...pig population worldwide. In this study, an ASFV isolate, Pig/Heilongjiang/2018 (Pig/HLJ/18), was isolated in primary porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) from a pig sample from an ASF outbreak farm. The isolate was characterized by using the haemadsorption (HAD) test, Western blotting and immunofluorescence, and electronic microscopy. Phylogenetic analysis of the viral p72 gene revealed that Pig/HLJ/18 belongs to Genotype II. Infectious titres of virus propagated in primary PAMs and pig marrow macrophages were as high as 10
7.2
HAD
50
/ml. Specific-pathogen-free pigs intramuscularly inoculated with different virus dosages at 10
3.5
-10
6.5
HAD
50
showed acute disease with fever and haemorrhagic signs. The incubation periods were 3-5 days for virus-inoculated pigs and 9 days for contact pigs. All virus-inoculated pigs died between 6-9 days post-inoculation (p.i.), and the contact pigs died between 13-14 days post-contact (p.c.). Viremia started on day 2 p.i. in inoculated pigs and on day 9 p.c. in contact pigs. Viral genomic DNA started to be detected from oral and rectal swab samples on 2-5 days p.i. in virus-inoculated pigs, and 6-10 days p.c. in contact pigs. These results indicate that Pig/HLJ/18 is highly virulent and transmissible in domestic pigs. Our study demonstrates the threat of ASFV and emphasizes the need to control and eradicate ASF in China.
Genomic studies of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) have advanced our understanding of the disease’s biology and accelerated targeted therapy. However, the proteomic characteristics of LUAD remain poorly ...understood. We carried out a comprehensive proteomics analysis of 103 cases of LUAD in Chinese patients. Integrative analysis of proteome, phosphoproteome, transcriptome, and whole-exome sequencing data revealed cancer-associated characteristics, such as tumor-associated protein variants, distinct proteomics features, and clinical outcomes in patients at an early stage or with EGFR and TP53 mutations. Proteome-based stratification of LUAD revealed three subtypes (S-I, S-II, and S-III) related to different clinical and molecular features. Further, we nominated potential drug targets and validated the plasma protein level of HSP 90β as a potential prognostic biomarker for LUAD in an independent cohort. Our integrative proteomics analysis enables a more comprehensive understanding of the molecular landscape of LUAD and offers an opportunity for more precise diagnosis and treatment.
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•Discovery of prognosis-associated proteins and pathways at early stage of LUAD•Proteomics revealed three subtypes related to clinical and molecular features•Identification of subtype-specific kinases and cancer-associated phosphoproteins•Identification of potential prognostic biomarkers and drug targets in LUAD
Integrative proteomic characterization of lung adenocarcinoma in 103 Chinese patients identifies three subtypes related to clinical and molecular features and nominates potential prognostic biomarkers and drug targets.
Abstract
Metallic tungsten disulfide (WS
2
) monolayers have been demonstrated as promising electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) induced by the high intrinsic conductivity, however, ...the key challenges to maximize the catalytic activity are achieving the metallic WS
2
with high concentration and increasing the density of the active sites. In this work, single-atom-V catalysts (V SACs) substitutions in 1T-WS
2
monolayers (91% phase purity) are fabricated to significantly enhance the HER performance via a one-step chemical vapor deposition strategy. Atomic-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) imaging together with Raman spectroscopy confirm the atomic dispersion of V species on the 1T-WS
2
monolayers instead of energetically favorable 2H-WS
2
monolayers. The growth mechanism of V SACs@1T-WS
2
monolayers is experimentally and theoretically demonstrated. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrate that the activated V-atom sites play vital important role in enhancing the HER activity. In this work, it opens a novel path to directly synthesize atomically dispersed single-metal catalysts on metastable materials as efficient and robust electrocatalysts.
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