The algal limestone reservoir has extremely low permeability, developed dissolution pores and weak structural planes, and has heterogeneity. There is a problem of significant differences in ...single-well production after fracturing in oilfield sites. It is crucial to clarify the matching relationship between hydraulic fracture parameters and production. This article establishes a triple medium seepage mathematical model of “fracture—dissolution pore—matrix pore” considering the lithological characteristics of algal limestone, which is used to predict the cumulative production of horizontal wells after fracturing, and its reliability is verified through example well production data. The influence of fracture parameters on the production of horizontal wells was revealed through numerical simulation, filling the gap in the study of parameters for the stimulation of algal limestone reservoirs. The results indicate that the proposed triple medium model can accurately characterize the characteristics of algal limestone and is suitable for simulating the production capacity of algal limestone reservoirs. The production of horizontal wells is influenced by various hydraulic fracture parameters. The length, conductivity, and height of hydraulic fractures are positively correlated with production, while the spacing between fractures is negatively correlated with production. Taking the overall production of the platform horizontal well group as the optimization objective, and the change in production increase as the discrimination criterion, the optimal values of various fracture parameters are determined. At the same time, simulation results show that using the staggered fracture pattern is beneficial for improving the overall production. The research results have reference significance for the development of algal limestone reservoirs
Pre-lithiation is a method that has been demonstrated to avoid the sudden cell voltage drop/rise during the charge/discharge in Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) anode and to compensate the energy loss of the first ...cycle resulting from the high initial potential of activated carbon (AC) cathode in lithium ion capacitors (LICs). However, the present pre-lithiation practices are largely empirical and lack of theoretical guidance. In the present study, we show from a theoretical perspective that the optimal pre-lithiation capacity range is closely related to the mass ratio (r) between the cathode and anode, and initial potential of AC cathode in a LIC. The optimal pre-lithiation capacity for the AC/LTO asymmetrical capacitor with a mass ratio of r = 2 and AC open circuit potential of 3.0 V is 34 = Cpl = 102mA hg-1. The theoretical prediction agrees well with the experimental data. This work promises to provide a practical guideline for optimizing the pre-lithiation level for a variety of LICs or LIBs systems.
Few data are available on the risk of SAEs in corticosteroid users in IgAN populations. We describe the prevalence and risk factors of corticosteroid-related SAEs in a Chinese cohort.
A total of 1034 ...IgAN patients were followed up in our renal center from 2003 to 2014. Prevalence of corticosteroid use and corticosteroid-related SAEs were noted. Logistic regression was used to search for risk factors of SAEs in corticosteroid users.
Of the 369 patients with steroids therapy, 46 patients (12.5%) with 58 events suffered SAEs, whereas only 18 patients (2.7%) without corticosteroids suffered SAEs (OR: 5.45; 95% CI: 3.07-9.68;
< 0.001). SAEs included diabetes mellitus (
= 19, 5.1%), severe or fatal infection (
= 18, 4.9%), osteonecrosis of the femoral head or bone fracture (
= 6, 1.6%), cardiocerebral vascular disease (
= 4, 1.1%), cataract (
= 3, 0.8%), and gastrointestinal hemorrhage (
= 1, 0.3%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that advanced age (OR: 1.05; 95% CI: 1.02-1.07;
< 0.001) and hypertension (OR: 1.04; 95% CI: 1.01-1.06;
= 0.009) were risk factors for corticosteroid-related SAEs. Impaired kidney function (estimated GFR: OR: O.98; 95% CI: 0.96-0.99;
= 0.036) was a risk factor for severe infection. Accumulated dosages of corticosteroids were not identified as a risk factor of SAEs (OR: 1.09; 95% CI: 0.91-1.30;
= 0.365).
Corticosteroid use is associated with a high risk of SAEs in IgAN patients, especially those who are older, have hypertension, or impaired renal function. Current guidelines on corticosteroid regimens in IgAN should be reviewed with regard to safety.
Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are stimulus‐responsive materials with intrinsic anisotropy. However, it is still challenging to in situ program the mesogen alignment to realize three‐dimensional ...(3D) deformations with high‐resolution patterned structures. This work presents a feasible strategy to program the anisotropy of LCEs by using chalcone mesogens that can undergo a photoinduced cycloaddition reaction under linear polarized light. It is shown that by controlling the polarization director and the irradiation region, patterned alignment distribution in a freestanding LCE film can be created, which leads to complex and reversible 3D shape‐morphing behaviors. The work demonstrates an in situ light‐writing method to achieve sophisticated topography changes in LCEs, which has potential applications in encryption, sensors, and beyond.
A programmable liquid crystal elastomer (LCE), where anisotropy can be written by linearly polarized light based on the photoinduced cycloaddition reaction of chalcone mesogens, is accomplished. Importantly, the sophisticated topography changes are realized by implanting regionally distributed anisotropy into LCE sheets.
To evaluate longitudinal changes in Implantable Collamer Lens phakic intraocular lens (pIOL) position after implantation.
Department of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
...Retrospective case series.
Myopic eyes that had pIOL implantation with a follow-up of at least 24 months were evaluated. Ultrasound biomicroscopy examinations were performed at each visit.
The study enrolled 62 eyes (31 patients; 22 women, 9 men) ranging in age from 21 to 46 years. The manifest spherical equivalent ranged from -8.25 to -18.75 diopters. A significant increase (mean 36 μm±50 SD) in the endothelium-anterior pIOL distance occurred between 1 month and 3 months (P=.000); afterward, the distance decreased slowly (P>.05). The largest decrease (mean 47±17 μm) in central vault occurred between 1 month and 3 months (P=.009). The largest decrease (mean 21±14 μm) in peripheral vault occurred between 1 month and 3 months (P=.000).
A significant increase in the endothelium-anterior pIOL distance occurred from 1 month to 3 months postoperatively, after which a slight decrease occurred over time. Central vault and peripheral vault had a tendency to decrease over time.
No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
We obtained the complete mitochondrial genome of the Indochinese Forest Rat (Rattus andamanensis). The genome is 16,304 bp in length and contains 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA ...genes, and 1 control region. The composition and arrangement of genes are analogous to other vertebrates. We used all PCGs to construct phylogenetic tree for R. andamanensis and other 15 Rattus species available on GenBank. The topology indicated that the genus Rattus has two groups and R. andamanensis has a close relationship with R. baluensis, R. tiomanicus, R. rattus, and R. tanezumi.
The design and development of functional soft materials with responsive and adaptive properties that can be driven by multiple stimuli are necessary for fundamental scientific enquiry and ...technological applications in advanced devices. Herein, a novel visible light responsive axially chiral molecular switch with high helical twisting power (HTP) has been synthesized which shows good compatibility in a commercially available nematic liquid crystal (LC) host E7. The cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) mixture fabricated using the chiral switch and LC E7 can be driven by visible light, temperature, and electric field. Reversible red, green, and blue (RGB) reflection colors upon visible light irradiation and temperature variation are achieved in the planar cell. When the CLC mixtures with different concentrations of the chiral switch are introduced into hybrid cells with planar and homeotropic boundary conditions, the spontaneous formation of diffraction gratings (DGs) occurs. Good quality DGs are obtained in the range of 1.85
d
(cell thickness)/
P
4.30. The stripes rotate clockwise continuously with the maximum rotation angle over 2 (383.1) upon visible light (405 nm) irradiation, over (192.4) upon increasing temperature, and over /2 (101.2) upon applying electric field, respectively. Such multi-stimuli (visible light, temperature, and electric field) responsive in-plane rotation of the DGs shows great potential for beam steering, spectrum scanning, and beyond.
A visible light-driven chiral molecular switch shows reversible
trans
cis
photoisomerization, good compatibility, and high helical twisting power in achiral liquid crystals. Multi-stimuli responsive rotatable in-plane beam steering and chromatic dispersion are accomplished.
The lithium metal anode has been considered to be an optimal anode material for high-energy-density battery system due to its ultrahigh specific capacity. However, the sharp dendrite growth and ...infinite volume expansion have significantly impeded its commercial application. In this paper, we propose that V2O5 as the lithiophilic substance can be decorated onto 3D stable frameworks to fabricate dendrite-suppressed composite Li metal anodes via a molten Li infusion method. It is demonstrated that the energetic chemical reaction between V2O5 and molten Li together with the capillary effect based on the nanostructure of interconnected V2O5 nanobelt arrays contributes synergistically to the great Li affinity of the V2O5-Ni foam (V2O5-NF) host and facilitate the efficient and uniform intake of molten Li into the 3D framework. Benefitting from the homogeneous Li distribution in the framework, the decreased local current density of the electrode and the stable property of the host, dendrite-free Li stripping/plating behavior and alleviated volume fluctuation have been achieved for the Li-V2O5-NF composite anode. Compared with the bare Li anode, the as-obtained Li-V2O5-NF composite anode exhibits much stable stripping/plating profiles with low overpotential (~18 mV) for ultralong lifespan (1600 h) at a current density of 1 mA cm-2 in symmetric Li/Li cell. Furthermore, outstanding rate capability and long-term cycling performance (78.8% capacity retention after 500 cycles under 2 C) are obtained in full cells when coupled with Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) cathodes, indicating a promising potential for practical application. Moreover, this work demonstrates that using a new lithiophilic material, V2O5, should be an effective method to construct high stable 3D Li metal anode for Li metal battery.
Abstract Therapeutic benefits and underlying biomechanism(s) of antibody drug conjugates (ADC) in combination with other targeted therapeutics are largely unknown. Here, the synergy between ADC and ...epigenetic drug decitabine (DAC), a clinically approved DNA methylation inhibitor, in multiple preclinical models of melanoma specifically investigated. Mechanistically, the underlying biomechanisms of how DAC cooperatively worked with ICAM1 antibody conjugated DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor DXd (I1‐DXd) is elucidated. DAC treatment significantly enhanced anti‐tumor efficacy of I1‐DXd by upregulating antigen expression, enhancing antibody internalization and potentiating tumor sensitivity by epigenetically reprogramming of melanoma. Meanwhile, I1‐DXd/DAC combination also exerted regulatory effects on tumor microenvironment (TME) by enhancing tumor infiltration of innate and adaptive immune cells and improving penetration of ADCs with a boosted antitumor immunity. This study provides a rational ADC combination strategy for solid tumor treatment.
The primary cause of mortality in esophageal cancer survivors is cardiac death. Early identification of cardiac mortality risk during chemotherapy for esophageal cancer is crucial for improving the ...prognosis. We developed and validated a nomogram model to identify patients with high cardiac mortality risk after chemotherapy for esophageal cancer for early screening and clinical decision-making. We randomly allocated 37,994 patients with chemotherapy-treated esophageal cancer into two groups using a 7:3 split ratio: model training (
n
= 26,598) and validation (
n
= 11,396). 5- and 10-year survival rates were used as endpoints for model training and validation. Decision curve analysis and the consistency index (C-index) were used to evaluate the model’s net clinical advantage. Model performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curves and computing the area under the curve (AUC). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis based on the prognostic index was performed. Patient risk was stratified according to the death probability. Age, surgery, sex, and year were most closely related to cardiac death and used to plot the nomograms. The C-index for the training and validation datasets were 0.669 and 0.698, respectively, indicating the nomogram’s net clinical advantage in predicting cardiac death risk at 5 and 10 years. The 5- and 10-year AUCs were 0.753 and 0.772 for the training dataset and 0.778 and 0.789 for the validation dataset, respectively. The accuracy of the model in predicting cardiac death risk was moderate. This nomogram can identify patients at risk of cardiac death after chemotherapy for esophageal cancer at an early stage.
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