Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), as a green fuel and oxidant, has drawn increasing attention in the energy and environmental research. Compared with the traditional anthraquinone process, the ...electrochemical (EC) and photoelectrochemical (PEC) syntheses of H2O2 are cost‐effective and environmentally friendly. In order to construct membraneless EC/PEC devices for the full H2O2 synthesis, anodic H2O2 production by water oxidation, which is less developed than cathodic H2O2 generation, is highly desirable. Here, we review recent developments for the EC/PEC H2O2 production by water oxidation, including fundamental aspects, benchmarking activity evaluation, material/catalyst selection, and strategies for increasing selectivity, efficiency, and accumulation. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges and outlook of water oxidation for H2O2 production, especially device‐level development, accumulation and stability, and industrial applications. Our review is intended to stimulate studies further improving EC/PEC H2O2 production.
The electrochemical and photoelectrochemical generation of H2O2 is a promising approach for the large‐scale production of this important green fuel and oxidant. Recent developments in H2O2 production on the anode side, including property evaluation and material/catalyst selection, and strategies for increasing the selectivity, efficiency, and accumulation, are comprehensively discussed in this Minireview.
To provide insights into the diagnosis and therapy of SA-AKI
ferroptosis genes.
Based on three datasets (GSE57065, GSE30718, and GSE53771), we used weighted co-expression network analysis to identify ...the key regulators of SA-AKI, its potential biological functions, and constructed miRNA‒mRNA complex regulatory relationships. We also performed machine learning and
cell experiments to identify ferroptosis genes that are significantly related to SA-AKI in the two datasets. The CIBERSORT algorithm evaluates the degree of infiltration of 22 types of immune cell. We compared the correlation between ferroptosis and immune cells by Pearson's correlation analysis and verified the key genes related to the immune response to reveal potential diagnostic markers. Finally, we predicted the effects of drugs and the potential therapeutic targets for septic kidney injury by pRRophetic.
We found 264 coDEGs involving 1800 miRNA molecules that corresponded to 210 coDEGs. The miRNA‒mRNA ceRNA interaction network was constructed to obtain the top-10 hub nodes. We obtained the top-20 ferroptosis genes, 11 of which were in the intersection. We also identified a relationship between ferroptosis genes and the immune cells in the AKI dataset, which showed that neutrophils were activated and that regulatory T cells were surpassed. Finally, we identified EHT1864 and salubrinal as potential therapeutic agents.
This study demonstrated the roles of miR-650 and miR-296-3p genes in SA-AKI. Furthermore, we identified
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as potential biomarkers. The irregular immune response mediated by neutrophils and Treg cells is involved in the development of AKI and shows a correlation with ferroptosis genes. EHT 1864 and salubrinal have potential as drug candidates in patients with septic acute kidney injury.
Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV) recycling in an underwater environment is particularly challenging due to the continuous exploitation of marine resources. AUV recycling via visual technology is ...the primary method. However, the current visual technology is limited by harsh sea conditions and has problems, such as poor tracking and detection. To solve these problems, we propose a long-term target anti-interference tracking (LTAT) method, which integrates Siamese networks, You Only Look Once (YOLO) networks and online learning ideas. Meanwhile, we propose using the cubature Kalman filter (CKF) for optimization and prediction of the position. We constructed a launch and recovery system (LARS) tracking and capturing the AUV. The system consists of the following parts: First, images are acquired via binocular cameras. Next, the relative position between the AUV and the end of the LARS was estimated based on the pixel positions of the tracking AUV feature points and binocular camera data. Finally, using a discrete proportion integration differentiation (PID) method, the LARS is controlled to capture the moving AUV via a CKF-optimized position. To verify the feasibility of our proposed system, we used the robot operating system (ROS) platform and Gazebo software to simulate the system for experiments and visualization. The experiment demonstrates that in the tracking process when the AUV makes a sinusoidal motion with an amplitude of 0.2 m in the three-dimensional space and the relative distance between the AUV and LARS is no more than 1 m, the estimated position error of the AUV does not exceed 0.03 m. In the capturing process, the final capturing error is about 28 mm. Our results verify that our proposed system has high robustness and accuracy, providing the foundation for future AUV recycling research.
α-Fe2O3 nanotubes are exceptional one-dimensional transition metal oxide materials with low density, large surface area, promising electrochemical and photoelectrochemical properties, which are ...widely investigated in lithium-ion batteries, photoelectrochemical devices, gas sensors, and catalysis. They have drawn significant attention to the fields of energy storage and conversion, and environmental sensing and remediation due to the increase in the global energy crisis and environmental pollution. Many efforts have been made toward controlling the morphology or impurity doping to improve the intrinsic properties of α-Fe2O3 nanotubes. In this review, we introduce the synthesis methods and physicochemical properties of α-Fe2O3 nanotubes. The fabrication conditions, which are important for the physicochemical properties of materials, are also listed to describe the synthesis processes. Furthermore, the development and breakthrough of various applications in batteries, supercapacitors, photoelectrochemical devices, environmental remediation, and sensors are systematically reviewed. Finally, some of the current challenges and future perspectives for α-Fe2O3 nanotubes are discussed. We believe that this timely and critical mini-review will stimulate extensive studies and attract more attention, further improving the development of the α-Fe2O3 (hematite) nanotube structure.
We performed proteomic analysis of rat serum proteins adsorbed on hydroxyapatite (HAp) and α-alumina (α-Al2O3) in order to identify proteins that specifically adsorb onto HAp and control cellular ...responses. Proteins with either or both molecular weight of 22–32 kDa and computed isoelectric point of 5.0–5.5 were preferentially adsorbed on HAp. In total, 182 proteins were adsorbed on both HAp and α-Al2O3, of which 14 were highly enriched on HAp, whereas 68 were adsorbed only on HAp. Therefore, 82 (14+68) proteins were further evaluated by bioinformatics and literature-based analyses. We predicted that hepatocyte growth factor and angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3) are candidate proteins responsible for the osteoconductivity of HAp. Although ANGPTL3 promoted the attachment and spreading of MC3T3-E1 cells, it did not promote their proliferation and differentiation. Our results suggest that specific adsorption of ANGPTL3 on HAp induced osteoconductivity by enhancing the attachment and spreading of osteoblasts.
Carbonate-containing hydroxyapatite (CO3-HAp) shows higher osteoconductivity than pure hydroxyapatite but the underlying mechanism is unclear. As specific adsorption of proteins on CO3-HAp may affect ...cellular responses and osteoconductivity, we examined the contribution of protein adsorption to the high osteoconductivity observed with CO3-HAp. We prepared CO3-HAp powders with different carbonate contents (0.3, 4.8, or 8.3 wt%) and investigated the adsorption behaviour of fibronectin (Fn) on the powders. We found that the Fn adsorption capacity of CO3-HAp decreased with increasing carbonate content. Although the Hill or Langmuir isotherm was the best-fit for the adsorption of Fn onto CO3-HAp with a carbonate content of 0.3 or 4.8 wt%, the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller isotherm was the best-fit for Fn adsorption on CO3-HAp with an 8.3 wt% carbonate content. These results show that the carbonate content of CO3-HAp influences the adsorption behaviour of Fn and suggest that its specific adsorption contributes to the high osteoconductivity of CO3-HAp. The findings do not affect the clinical application of CO3-HAp directly, but they might lead to the development of bone substitutes with high osteoconductivity.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the survivorship and risk factors for radiographic progression and conversion to total hip arthroplasty (THA) after porous tantalum implant surgery in the ...treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). The study comprised 90 ONFH patients (104 consecutive hips) who were treated with a porous tantalum implant combined with bone grafting between June 2008 and December 2013. The patients were 19-61 years of age (mean age, 38 years). The mean follow-up was 42 months. The outcome measures included Harris hip score (HHS), radiographic outcome measures, and survivorship analysis with conversion to THA as the endpoint. The mean postoperative HHS was significantly lower than the mean preoperative HHS (P < 0.001). The Cox proportional hazards model showed that age and Association Research Circulation Osseous (ARCO) stage were independent risk factors for conversion to THA, while age, China-Japan Friendship Hospital (CJFH) type, and ARCO stage were independent risk factors for radiological progression. Ultimately, only 52.9% hips survived. Porous tantalum implant surgery combined with bone grafting is not a viable option for treating ONFH, especially in patients >35 years of age with preoperative ARCO stage III and CJFH type L3.
Environmental shifts and dietary habits could directly affect the gut microbiota of animals. In this study, we investigated the gut microbiota of golden snub-nosed monkeys under two different ...conditions: captive and wild. Our study adopted a non-invasive sampling method, using full-length 16S rRNA Pacbio SMAT sequencing technology to compare the gut microbiota of wild and captive golden snub-nosed monkeys. The results showed that the captive populations had higher alpha diversity than the wild populations, and there were also significant differences in beta diversity. The linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis showed 39 distinctly different taxonomic units. At the phylum level, the most dominant bacteria under captive and wild conditions were Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. This study revealed that the different fiber intake between wild and captive populations might be the main reason for the difference in the gut microbiota. We found that captive golden snub-nosed monkeys had less beneficial bacteria and more potentially pathogenic bacteria than wild ones. Functional predictions showed that the most significant functional pathway at the second level between the captive and wild monkeys was carbohydrate metabolism. Therefore, our results indicate that diet changes caused by captivity could be the main reason impacting the gut microbiota of captive golden snub-nosed monkeys. We further highlight the potential impact of diet changes on the health of captive golden snub-nosed monkeys and offer some suggestions for the feeding of captive golden snub-nosed monkeys.
Perfluoro octane sulfonate (PFOS) and cadmium (Cd) are toxic elements in the environment. As a micronutrient trace element, selenium (Se) can mitigate the adverse effects induced by PFOS and Cd. ...However, few studies have examined the correlation between Se, PFOS and Cd in fish. The present study focused on the antagonistic effects of Se on PFOS+Cd-induced accumulation in the liver of zebrafish. The fish was exposed to PFOS (0.08mg/L), Cd (1mg/L), PFOS+ Cd (0.08 mg/L PFOS+1 mg/L Cd), L-Se (0.07mg/L Sodium selenite +0.08mg/L PFOS+1mg/L Cd), M-Se (0.35mg/L Sodium selenite + 0.08mg/L PFOS+ 1 mg/L Cd), H-Se (1.75 mg/L Sodium selenite + 0.08 mg/L PFOS+ 1mg/L Cd) for 14d. The addition of selenium to fish exposed to PFOS and Cd has been found to have significant positive effects. Specifically, selenium treatments can alleviate the adverse effects of PFOS and Cd on fish growth, with a 23.10% improvement observed with the addition of T6 compared to T4. In addition, selenium can alleviate the negative effects of PFOS and Cd on antioxidant enzymes in zebrafish liver, thus reducing the liver toxicity caused by PFOS and Cd. Overall, the supplementation of selenium can reduce the health risks to fish and mitigate the injuries caused by PFOS and Cd in zebrafish.
The global consumption of critical metals has significantly grown in recent decades. However, their natural sources are depleting; valuable metal recycling and recovery from industrial material flows ...is needed to guarantee reliable and sustainable access to metal production, which is in line with the concept of green manufacturing and process innovation to develop green chemical processes. Compared with conventional hydrometallurgical or pyrometallurgical processes, the electrochemical strategy has been extensively investigated and applied to the extraction of metals from industrial wastes, owing to its advantages of high efficiency and selectivity, easy operation, low energy consumption, and environment friendliness. This review provides an overview of the present status and outlook on electrochemical technologies, based on the electrochemical redox mediation mechanism, used to extract valuable metals from industrial wastes, including metallurgical slag, electronic scrap, spent batteries, spent catalysts, fly ash, alloy scrap, and nuclear waste, from the perspective of technical, mechanistic, and environmental impact. Special focus is given to electrochemical redox mediation technologies including electrochemical oxidation and reduction, slurry electrolysis, membrane electrolysis, molten salt electrolysis, electrokinetic separation, and external field-intensified electrochemical extraction. Furthermore, challenges and future strategies for electrochemical extraction of valuable metals from the perspective of a coupled green process and highly efficient regeneration/extraction, to technological improvement and environmental impact evaluation were proposed.
This review highlights innovative green electrochemical processes for extracting and recycling valuable metals from industrial waste.
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