This paper proposes a spatially common sparsity based adaptive channel estimation and feedback scheme for frequency division duplex based massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems, which adapts ...training overhead and pilot design to reliably estimate and feed back the downlink channel state information (CSI) with significantly reduced overhead. Specifically, a nonorthogonal downlink pilot design is first proposed, which is very different from standard orthogonal pilots. By exploiting the spatially common sparsity of massive MIMO channels, a compressive sensing (CS) based adaptive CSI acquisition scheme is proposed, where the consumed time slot overhead only adaptively depends on the sparsity level of the channels. In addition, a distributed sparsity adaptive matching pursuit algorithm is proposed to jointly estimate the channels of multiple subcarriers. Furthermore, by exploiting the temporal channel correlation, a closed-loop channel tracking scheme is provided, which adaptively designs the nonorthogonal pilot according to the previous channel estimation to achieve an enhanced CSI acquisition. Finally, we generalize the results of the multiple-measurement-vectors case in CS and derive the Cramér-Rao lower bound of the proposed scheme, which enlightens us to design the nonorthogonal pilot signals for the improved performance. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme outperforms its counterparts, and it is capable of approaching the performance bound.
The recent concept of beamspace multiple input multiple output (MIMO) can significantly reduce the number of required radio frequency (RF) chains in millimeter-wave (mmWave) massive MIMO systems ...without obvious performance loss. However, the fundamental limit of existing beamspace MIMO is that the number of supported users cannot be larger than the number of RF chains at the same time-frequency resources. To break this fundamental limit, in this paper, we propose a new spectrum and energy-efficient mmWave transmission scheme that integrates the concept of non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) with beamspace MIMO, i.e., beamspace MIMO-NOMA. By using NOMA in beamspace MIMO systems, the number of supported users can be larger than the number of RF chains at the same time-frequency resources. In particular, the achievable sum rate of the proposed beamspace MIMO-NOMA in a typical mmWave channel model is analyzed, which shows an obvious performance gain compared with the existing beamspace MIMO. Then, a precoding scheme based on the principle of zero forcing is designed to reduce the inter-beam interferences in the beamspace MIMO-NOMA system. Furthermore, to maximize the achievable sum rate, a dynamic power allocation is proposed by solving the joint power optimization problem, which not only includes the intra-beam power optimization, but also considers the inter-beam power optimization. Finally, an iterative optimization algorithm with low complexity is developed to realize the dynamic power allocation. Simulation results show that the proposed beamspace MIMO-NOMA can achieve higher spectrum and energy efficiency compared with the existing beamspace MIMO.
This letter proposes a multi-user uplink channel estimation scheme for mmWave massive MIMO over frequency selective fading (FSF) channels. Specifically, by exploiting the angle-domain structured ...sparsity of mmWave FSF channels, a distributed compressive sensing-based channel estimation scheme is proposed. Moreover, by using the grid matching pursuit strategy with adaptive measurement matrix, the proposed algorithm can solve the power leakage problem caused by the continuous angles of arrival or departure. Simulation results verify the good performance of the proposed solution.
In the fifth generation (5G) of wireless communication systems, hitherto unprecedented requirements are expected to be satisfied. As one of the promising techniques of addressing these challenges, ...non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has been actively investigated in recent years. In contrast to the family of conventional orthogonal multiple access (OMA) schemes, the key distinguishing feature of NOMA is to support a higher number of users than the number of orthogonal resource slots with the aid of non-orthogonal resource allocation. This may be realized by the sophisticated inter-user interference cancellation at the cost of an increased receiver complexity. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive survey of the original birth, the most recent development, and the future research directions of NOMA. Specifically, the basic principle of NOMA will be introduced at first, with the comparison between NOMA and OMA especially from the perspective of information theory. Then, the prominent NOMA schemes are discussed by dividing them into two categories, namely, power-domain and code-domain NOMA. Their design principles and key features will be discussed in detail, and a systematic comparison of these NOMA schemes will be summarized in terms of their spectral efficiency, system performance, receiver complexity, etc. Finally, we will highlight a range of challenging open problems that should be solved for NOMA, along with corresponding opportunities and future research trends to address these challenges.
The low-resolution analog-to-digital convertor (ADC) is a promising solution to significantly reduce the power consumption of radio frequency circuits in massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) ...systems. In this letter, we investigate the uplink spectral efficiency (SE) of massive MIMO systems with low-resolution ADCs over Rician fading channels, where both perfect and imperfect channel state information are considered. By modeling the quantization noise of low-resolution ADCs as an additive quantization noise, we derive tractable and exact approximation expressions of the uplink SE of massive MIMO with the typical maximal-ratio combining (MRC) receivers. We also analyze the impact of the ADC resolution, the Rician K-factor, and the number of antennas on the uplink SE. Our derived results reveal that the use of low-cost and low-resolution ADCs can still achieve satisfying SE in massive MIMO systems.
Smart Pilot Assignment for Massive MIMO Zhu, Xudong; Wang, Zhaocheng; Dai, Linglong ...
IEEE communications letters,
2015-Sept., 2015-9-00, 20150901, Letnik:
19, Številka:
9
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
A massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system, which utilizes a large number of antennas at the base station (BS) to serve multiple users, suffers from pilot contamination due to inter-cell ...interference. A smart pilot assignment (SPA) scheme is proposed in this letter to improve the performance of users with severe pilot contamination. Specifically, by exploiting the large-scale characteristics of fading channels, the BS first measures the inter-cell interference of each pilot sequence caused by the users with the same pilot sequence in other adjacent cells. Then, in contrast to the conventional schemes which assign the pilot sequences to the users randomly, the proposed SPA method assigns the pilot sequence with the smallest inter-cell interference to the user having the worst channel quality in a sequential way to improve its performance. Simulation results verify the performance gain of the proposed scheme in typical massive MIMO systems.
The recent concept of beamspace MIMO can utilize beam selection to reduce the number of required radio-frequency (RF) chains in mmWave massive MIMO systems without obvious performance loss. However, ...as the same beam in the beamspace is likely to be selected for different users, conventional beam selection schemes will suffer from serious multiuser interferences, and some RF chains may be wasted since they have no contribution to the sum-rate performance. To solve these problems, in this letter, we propose an interference-aware (IA) beam selection. Specifically, by considering the potential multiuser interferences, the proposed IA beam selection first classifies all users into two user groups, i.e., the interference-users (IUs) and noninterference-users (NIUs). For NIUs, the beams with large power are selected, while for IUs, the appropriate beams are selected by a low-complexity incremental algorithm based on the criterion of sum-rate maximization. Simulation results verify that IA beam selection can achieve the near-optimal sum-rate performance and higher energy efficiency than conventional schemes.
Dual-mode index modulation aided orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DM-OFDM) is recently proposed, where subcarriers are partitioned into OFDM subblocks, divided into two groups within each ...subblock, and modulated by two differentiable constellation alphabets. In DM-OFDM, additional bits can be transmitted through indices of subcarriers modulated by the same constellation alphabet. In this letter, generalized DM-OFDM (GDM-OFDM) is proposed, where the number of subcarriers modulated by the same constellation mode in each subblock is alterable. By applying such enhancements, the spectral efficiency can be improved at the cost of marginal performance loss. Moreover, since the bit error rate performance of GDM-OFDM degrades at low signal-to-noise ratios, an interleaving technique is employed to address this issue. At the receiver, a maximum-likelihood detector and a reduced-complexity log-likelihood ratio detector are employed for demodulation. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed GDM-OFDM is capable of enhancing the spectral efficiency compared with DM-OFDM at the cost of negligible performance loss, and the interleaved GDM-OFDM can harvest on performance gain over GDM-OFDM.
The ultra-dense network (UDN) has been considered as a promising candidate for future 5G networks to meet the explosive data demand. To realize UDN, a reliable, gigahertz bandwidth, and ...cost-effective backhaul connecting ultradense small-cell BSs and macrocell BS are prerequisite. Millimeter-wave can provide the potential gigabit-per-second traffic for wireless backhaul. Moreover, mmWave can easily be integrated with massive MIMO for improved link reliability. In this article, we discuss the feasibility of mmWave massive-MIMO-based wireless backhaul for 5G UDN, and the benefits and challenges are also addressed. In particular, we propose a digitally controlled phase shifter network (DPSN)-based hybrid precoding/combining scheme for mmWave massive MIMO, whereby the low-rank property of the mmWave massive MIMO channel matrix is leveraged to reduce the required cost and complexity of a transceiver with a negligible performance loss. One key feature of the proposed scheme is that the macrocell BS can simultaneously support multiple small-cell BSs with multiple streams for each small-cell BS, which is essentially different from conventional hybrid precoding/combining schemes, typically limited to single-user MIMO with multiple streams or multi-user MIMO with single stream for each user. Based on the proposed scheme, we further explore the fundamental issues of developing mmWave massive MIMO for wireless backhaul, and the associated challenges, insight, and prospects to enable mmWave massive-MIMO-based wireless backhaul for 5G UDN are discussed.
The mixed radio frequency (RF)/free-space optical (FSO) relaying is a promising technology for coverage improvement, while there lacks unified expressions to describe its performance. In this paper, ...a unified performance analysis framework of a dual-hop relay system over asymmetric RF/FSO links is presented. More specifically, we consider the RF link follows generalized κ-μ or η-μ distributions, while the FSO link experiences the gamma-gamma distribution, respectively. Novel analytical expressions of the probability density function and cumulative distribution function are derived. We then capitalize on these results to provide new exact analytical expressions of the outage probability and bit error rate (BER). Furthermore, the outage probability for high signal-to-noise ratios and the BER for different modulation schemes are deduced to provide useful insights into the impact of system and channel parameters of the overall system performance. These accurate expressions are general, since they correspond to generalized fading in the RF link and account for pointing errors, atmospheric turbulence, and different modulation schemes in the FSO link. The links between derived results and previous results are presented. Finally, numerical and Monte-Carlo simulation results are provided to demonstrate the validity of the proposed unified expressions.
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