Two-dimensional (2D) metal-oxidesemiconductor (CMOS) field-effect-transistors (FETs) with ferroelectric semiconducting α-In2Se3 as the channel can achieve logic, in-memory computing, and ...optoelectrical logic and non-volatile computing functionalities in a single device.
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Exploring materials with multiple properties who can endow a simple device with integrated functionalities has attracted enormous attention in the microelectronic field. One reason is the imperious demand for processors with continuously higher performance and totally new architecture. Combining ferroelectric with semiconducting properties is a promising solution. Here, we show that logic, in-memory computing, and optoelectrical logic and non-volatile computing functionalities can be integrated into a single transistor with ferroelectric semiconducting α-In2Se3 as the channel. Two-input AND, OR, and non-volatile NOR and NAND logic operations with current on/off ratios reaching up to five orders, good endurance (1000 operation cycles), and fast operating speed (10 μs) are realized. In addition, optoelectrical OR logic and non-volatile implication (IMP) operations, as well as ternary-input optoelectrical logic and in-memory computing functions are achieved by introducing light as an additional input signal. Our work highlights the potential of integrating complex logic functions and new-type computing into a simple device based on emerging ferroelectric semiconductors.
The imbalance of intestinal microbiota and inflammatory response is crucial in the development of lung injury induced by PM2.5. In recent years, probiotics have attracted great attention for their ...health benefits in inflammatory diseases and regulating intestinal balance, but their intricate mechanisms need further experiments to elucidate. In our research, a rat lung damage model induced by PM2.5 exposure in real environment was established to explore the protective properties of probiotics on PM2.5 exposure injury and its related mechanism. The results indicated that compared with the AF control group, rats in the PM2.5 group gained weight slowly, ate less and had yellow hair. The results of pathological and immunohistochemical examinations showed that the inflammatory infiltration of lung tissue was alleviated after probiotic treatment. The Lung function results also showed the improvement effects of probiotics administration. In addition, probiotics could promote the balance of Th17 and Treg cells, inhibit cytokines expression (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-17A), and increase the concentration of anti-inflammatory factors (IL-10, TGF-β). In addition, 16 S rRNA sequence analysis showed that probiotic treatment could reduce microbiota abundance and diversity, increase the abundance of possible beneficial bacteria, and decrease the abundance of bacteria associated with inflammation. In general, probiotic intervention was found to have preventive effects on the occurrence of PM2.5 induced pathological injury, and the mechanism was associate with to the inhibition of inflammatory response, regulation of Th17/Treg balance and maintenance of intestinal internal environment stability.
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•PM2.5 exposure altered gut microbiome and influences the balance of Th17/Treg cell.•The changes of gut microbiome and the imbalance of Th17/Treg cell are critical mechanism of PM2.5-induced lung injury in rats.•The administration of Probiotics regulating Th17/Treg cell balance and gut microbiome attenuates PM2.5-induced lung injury in rats.
The curing kinetics can influence the final macroscopic properties, particularly the three-point bending of the fiber-reinforced composite materials. In this research, the curing kinetics of ...commercially available glass fiber/epoxy resin prepregs were studied by non-isothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The curing kinetic parameters were obtained by fitting and the apparent activation energy Ea of the prepreg, the pre-exponent factor, and the reaction order value obtained. A phenomenological nth-order curing reaction kinetic model was established according to Kissinger equation and Crane equation. Furthermore, the optimal curing temperature of the prepregs was obtained by the T-β extrapolation method. A vacuum hot pressing technique was applied to prepare composite laminates. The pre-curing, curing, and post-curing temperatures were 116, 130, and 153 °C respectively. In addition, three-point bending was used to test the specimens’ fracture behavior, and the surface morphology was analyzed. The results show that the differences in the mechanical properties of the samples are relatively small, indicating that the process settings are reasonable.
Two cobalt complexes with similar structures were synthesized using quinoline-2-carboxylic acid (HL) as the ligand. Both complexes are six-coordinated in antitriangular prism coordination geometries. ...There are one and four molecule units per cell for 1 and 2, respectively, with nearest Co–Co distances of 7.129 and 5.855 Å, respectively, which lead to their intermolecular interactions zj′. Both complexes are field-induced single-ion magnets. Complex 1 shows single slow relaxation under H dc = 1.5 kOe attributed to the moment reversal, while complex 2 shows double slow relaxation resulting from intermolecular dipolar interaction and moment reversal, respectively.
Since different high-symmetrical crystal planes of topological crystalline insulator possess their own topological electronic structure, manipulating crystal shapes with distinct facets of SnTe ...nanostructures is crucial for the realization of desired topological surface properties. Here, we developed crystal shapes engineering for the controllable synthesis of SnTe microcrystals and nanowires with specific exposed surfaces by optimizing experimental parameters in the chemical vapor deposition process. Crystal shapes of SnTe microcrystals are tailored from {100} surface-covered cubes, {100} and {111} surface-coated truncated octahedron, to a {111} surface-terminated octahedron. Significantly, with gold nanoparticles as the catalyst, two novel SnTe nanowires, octahedron-attached SnTe nanowires, and truncated octahedron-assisted SnTe nanowires, are achieved. The requirement of minimizing the overall surface energy drives the formation of various crystal shapes of SnTe microcrystals and nanowires. In addition, SnTe nanowires possess a huge thermal activation energy gap (350 ± 17 meV), 14 times larger than the energy scale of room temperature. This huge thermal activation energy gap can protect topological surface states of SnTe nanowires against the disturbance of thermal excitation. Our work provides the building block for the realization of unique topological surface effects on specific facets and novel spintronic devices.
Low‐dimensional Te‐based nanomaterials have attracted intense attention in recent years due to their novel physical properties including surface‐state effects, photoelectricity, phase changes, and ...thermoelectricity. The recent development of synthesis methods of low‐dimensional Te‐based nanostructures is reviewed, such as van der Waals expitaxial growth and template‐assisted solution‐phase deposition. In addition, the unique properties of these materials, such as tunable surface states, high photoresponsivity, fast phase change, and high thermoelectricity figure of merit, are reviewed. The potential applications of low‐dimensional Te‐based nanostructures are broad but particularly promising for nanoscale electronic and photoelectronic devices.
Recent progress in synthesis methods of low‐dimensional Te‐based nanostructures and unique physical properties of Te‐based nanoscale electronic and photoelectronic devices is reviewed. Low‐dimensional Te‐based nanostructures attract huge attention due to their novel physical properties such as surface‐state effects, photoelectricity, phase changes, and thermoelectricity.
Abstract Steering on the intrinsic active site of an electrode material is essential for efficient electrochemical biomass upgrading to valuable chemicals with high selectivity. Herein, we show that ...an in-situ surface reconstruction of a two-dimensional layered CdPS 3 nanosheet electrocatalyst, triggered by electrolyte, facilitates efficient 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) hydrogenation to 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan (BHMF) under ambient condition. The in-situ Raman spectroscopy and comprehensive post-mortem catalyst characterizations evidence the construction of a surface-bounded CdS layer on CdPS 3 to form CdPS 3 /CdS heterostructure. This electrocatalyst demonstrates promising catalytic activity, achieving a Faradaic efficiency for BHMF reaching 91.3 ± 2.3 % and a yield of 4.96 ± 0.16 mg/h at − 0.7 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the in-situ generated CdPS 3 /CdS interface plays a pivotal role in optimizing the adsorption of HMF* and H* intermediate, thus facilitating the HMF hydrogenation process. Furthermore, the reconstructed CdPS 3 /CdS heterostructure cathode, when coupled with MnCo 2 O 4.5 anode, enables simultaneous BHMF and formate synthesis from HMF and glycerol substrates with high efficiency.
Hybridization of plants that differ in number of chromosome sets (ploidy) frequently causes endosperm failure and seed arrest, a phenomenon referred to as triploid block. In Arabidopsis, loss of ...function of NRPD1, encoding the largest subunit of the plant-specific RNA polymerase IV (Pol IV), can suppress the triploid block. Pol IV generates short RNAs required to guide de novo methylation in the RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) pathway. Recent work suggests that suppression of the triploid block by mutants in RdDM components differs, depending on whether the diploid pollen is derived from tetraploid plants or from the omission in second division 1 (osd1) mutant. This study aims to understand this difference.
In this study, we find that the ability of mutants in the RdDM pathway to suppress the triploid block depends on their degree of inbreeding. While first homozygous generation mutants in RdDM components NRPD1, RDR2, NRPE1, and DRM2 have weak or no ability to rescue the triploid block, they are able to suppress the triploid block with successive generations of inbreeding. Inbreeding of nrpd1 was connected with a transgenerational loss of non-CG DNA methylation on sites jointly regulated by CHROMOMETHYLASES 2 and 3.
Our data reveal that loss of RdDM function differs in its effect in early and late generations, which has important implications when interpreting the effect of RdDM mutants.
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