The application of 13C/12C in ecosystem-scale tracer models for CO2 in air requires accurate measurements of the mixing ratios and stable isotope ratios of CO2. To increase measurement reliability ...and data intercomparability, as well as to shorten analysis times, we have improved an existing field sampling setup with portable air sampling units and developed a laboratory setup for the analysis of the 13C of CO2 in air by isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). The changes consist of (a) optimization of sample and standard gas flow paths, (b) additional software configuration, and (c) automation of liquid nitrogen refilling for the cryogenic trap. We achieved a precision better than 0.1 and an accuracy of 0.11+/-0.04 for the measurement of 13C of CO2 in air and unattended operation of measurement sequences up to 12h.
Here, we present a protocol for using spatial transcriptomics in bone and multi-tissue musculoskeletal formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples from mice. We describe steps for tissue ...harvesting, sample preparation, paraffin embedding, and FFPE sample selection. We detail procedures for sectioning and placement on spatial slides prior to imaging, decrosslinking, library preparation, and final analyses of the sequencing data. The complete protocol takes ca. 18 days for mouse femora with adjacent muscle; of this time, >50% is required for mineralized tissue decalcification.
For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Wehrle et al.1 and Mathavan et al.2
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•Steps for spatial transcriptomics of FFPE musculoskeletal samples from mice•Instructions on sample decalcification prior to spatial transcriptomics•RNA quality required for spatial transcriptomics is maintained
Publisher’s note: Undertaking any experimental protocol requires adherence to local institutional guidelines for laboratory safety and ethics.
Here, we present a protocol for using spatial transcriptomics in bone and multi-tissue musculoskeletal formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples from mice. We describe steps for tissue harvesting, sample preparation, paraffin embedding, and FFPE sample selection. We detail procedures for sectioning and placement on spatial slides prior to imaging, decrosslinking, library preparation, and final analyses of the sequencing data. The complete protocol takes ca. 18 days for mouse femora with adjacent muscle; of this time, >50% is required for mineralized tissue decalcification.
The molecular pathophysiology of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) remains poorly understood. Based on the observation that the transcription factor NF-E2 is often overexpressed in MPN patients, ...independent of the presence of other molecular aberrations, we generated mice expressing an NF-E2 transgene in hematopoietic cells. These mice exhibit many features of MPNs, including thrombocytosis, leukocytosis, Epo-independent colony formation, characteristic bone marrow histology, expansion of stem and progenitor compartments, and spontaneous transformation to acute myeloid leukemia. The MPN phenotype is transplantable to secondary recipient mice. NF-E2 can alter histone modifications, and NF-E2 transgenic mice show hypoacetylation of histone H3. Treatment of mice with the histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDAC-I) vorinostat restored physiological levels of histone H3 acetylation, decreased NF-E2 expression, and normalized platelet numbers. Similarly, MPN patients treated with an HDAC-I exhibited a decrease in NF-E2 expression. These data establish a role for NF-E2 in the pathophysiology of MPNs and provide a molecular rationale for investigating epigenetic alterations as novel targets for rationally designed MPN therapies.
To enable cooperation of cyber-physical systems in latency-critical scenarios, control algorithms are placed in edge systems communicating with sensors and actuators via wireless channels. The shift ...from wired towards wireless communication is accompanied by an inherent lack of predictability due to interference and mobility. The state of the art in distributed controller design is proactive in nature, modeling and predicting (and potentially oversimplifying) channel properties stochastically or pessimistically, i. e., worst-case considerations. In contrast, we present a system based on a real-time transport protocol that is aware of application-level constraints and applies run-time measurements for channel properties. Our run-time system utilizes this information to select appropriate controller instances, i. e., gain scheduling, that can handle the current conditions. We evaluate our system empirically in a wireless testbed employing a shielded environment to ensure reproducible channel conditions. A series of measurements demonstrates predictability of latency and potential limits for wireless networked control.
BACKGROUND Narcolepsy is a disabling sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy, hypnagogic hallucinations, and sleep paralysis. Recent studies suggest that the immune ...system might play a pathogenic role pointing to a possible involvement of inflammatory cytokines. METHODS We investigated a sample of 30 patients with narcolepsy in comparison with 120 sex- and age-matched and 101 sex-, body mass index (BMI)-, and age-matched randomly selected normal controls. In these groups, plasma concentrations of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and its soluble receptors p55 and p75 (soluble TNF receptor sTNF-R p55 and sTNF-R p75) were measured using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. RESULTS The narcoleptic patients showed a significantly higher BMI compared with controls of the same age. Soluble TNF-R p75 levels were consistently elevated in the narcoleptic patients compared with their sex- and age-matched (P = .001) as well as sex-, BMI-, and age-matched counterparts (P = .003). Female narcoleptic patients exhibited higher sTNF-R p55 levels compared with their sex- and age-matched controls (P = .01), but this difference disappeared when comparing patients with sex-, BMI-, and age-matched normal controls. Tumor necrosis factor α levels did not differ significantly between groups. CONCLUSION Narcoleptic patients show increased plasma levels of sTNF-R p75, suggesting a functional alteration of the TNF-α cytokine system, further corroborating a possible pathogenic role of the immune system in this sleep disorder.Arch Intern Med. 2006;166:1739-1743-->
Aktuelle gesellschaftliche und technologische Entwicklungen, denen im Rahmen des Zukunftsprojekts Industrie 4.0 große Aufmerksamkeit zukommt, bewirken Veränderungen in den Anforderungen der ...Produktionsarbeit und den Bedürfnissen des dort tätigen Personals. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden die Ergebnisse einer Analyse der Hauptentwicklungstreiber von Industrie 4.0 in der Produktion hinsichtlich ihres Zusammenspiels vorgestellt und Thesen entwickelt, inwiefern sich die Arbeit dadurch verändern kann. Abschließend wird ein ganzheitliches Bild des Produktionsmitarbeiters der Zukunft vorgestellt.
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