(TRM) is a traditional Chinese medicine which has been used in clinics for enhancing immunity and improving the efficacy of chemotherapy. However, the mechanisms of action of TRM are unknown. In the ...previous study, we found that the
n-butanol extract (TRMBE) comprises the major bioactive components of TRM. In the present study, we aimed to assess the combinational effects of TRMBE and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on the treatment of gastric cancer (GC) and explore its mechanism of action. It was found that TRMBE significantly potentiated the anticancer activity of 5-FU and prolonged the survival time of mice bearing Mouse Forestomach Carcinoma (MFC) xenograft tumors. We observed that the combination of TRMBE and 5-FU decreased the risk of liver metastasis
. Furthermore, the combination of TRMBE and 5-FU reduced the levels of immune cytokines IL-6, IL-10, and TGF-β and increased the level of IFN-γ in peripheral blood. This combination therapy also significantly decreased the levels of polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSCs) and PD-1-positive CD8
T cells and increased the levels of NK cells in tumor microenvironment (TME). However, TRMBE treatment was unable to enhance the chemosensitivity of GC to 5-FU
after the depletion of CD8
T and NK cells. Taken together, our results demonstrate that TRMBE can reshape the TME of GC by regulating PMN-MDSCs, CD8
T cells, and NK cells, therefore improving the therapeutic effects of 5-FU. This study suggests that the combination of TRMBE and 5-FU could enhance immunity and could be a promising approach for GC treatment.
Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy is an effective tool for investigation of chemical changes at the molecular level. We previously demonstrated that FT-IR spectroscopy can reliably ...distinguish multiple types of carcinoma from healthy tissue. Because various stomach diseases are common, it is important to explore a noninvasive and rapid method to detect malignancy and gastritis in endoscopic biopsies. Our aim was to classify endoscopic biopsies into healthy, gastritis, and malignancy through the use of FT-IR spectroscopy.
A total of 103 endoscopic samples, including 19 cases of cancer, 35 cases of chronic atrophic gastritis, 29 cases of chronic superficial gastritis, and 20 healthy tissue samples, were obtained at the First Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China. A modified attenuated total reflectance accessory was linked to a WQD-500 FT-IR spectrometer for biopsy measurement. The spectral characteristics for different types of tissues were correlated with the corresponding pathology results. The gastric biopsies were classified by FT-IR spectroscopy and a discriminant analysis method.
There were significant differences in the FT-IR spectra of four types of gastric biopsies. The discriminant analysis results demonstrated that the sensitivity of FT-IR detection for healthy, superficial gastritis, atrophic gastritis, and gastric cancer was 90%, 90%, 66%, 74%, respectively, which could help satisfy clinical diagnostic requirements.
FT-IR spectroscopy can distinguish disease processes in gastric endoscopic biopsies.
Two dimensional asynchronous spectra were used to characterize coordination between carbonyl group of butanone and metal ions by using an approach proposed in our recent paper.Spectral variation of ...n-π^＊transition band of carbonyl group is used to probe the coordination even if metal ions does not possess any characteristic peak in spectra.Experimental results indicate that Ca^2＋ and Al^3＋ show considerable ability to coordinate with the carbonyl group of butanone and bring about spectral variation of the n-π-＊transition band,which is manifested by cross peaks in 2D asynchronous spectra.
AIM: To investigate the special Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectra in normal and cancerous tissues of esophagus.METHODS: Twenty-seven pairs of normal and cancerous tissues of ...esophagus were studied by using FT-IR and the special spectra characteristics were analyzed in different tissues.RESULTS: Different spectra were found in normal and cancerous tissues. The peak at 1 550/cm was weak and wide in cancerous tissues but strong and high in normal tissues.The ratio of I1 647/I1 550 was 2.0 in normal tissues and 2.36 in cancerous tissues (P<0.05). The ratio of I1 550/1 1 080 was 4.5 in normal tissues and 3.4 in cancerous tissues (P<0.01). The peak at 1453/cm was higher than at 1 402/cm in normal tissue and lower than at 1 402/cm in cancerous tissues.CONCLUSION: The results indicate that FTIR may be used in clinical diagnosis.
A novel neutral phytase gene (
phyC
) from
Bacillus licheniformis
was cloned and expressed in
Pichia pastoris
under the control of
AOX1
promoter. The gene is 1,146 bp in size and encodes a ...polypeptide of 381 amino acids. The recombinant PhyCm (rePhyCm), driven by the
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
α-mating factor, was secreted into culture medium. After 0.5% methanol induction for 96 h, the activity of rePhyCm in culture supernatant reached 0.23 U/ml. The optimum temperature and pH of purified rePhyCm were 60°C and 7.5, respectively. The rePhyCm was stable in a wide pH range of 5.0–9.0, especially for alkaline pH. The residual activities of rePhyCm retained over 80% after being incubated at pH 5.0–9.0, 37°C for 1 h in the presence of 1 mM CaCl
2
. Interestingly, supplemental Ca
2+
upgraded both the thermostability and pH stability of rePhyCm. Substrate specificity of rePhyCm, effects of metal ions and chemicals on phytase activity were also investigated in current study.
The authors tried to establish an approach to use acids to convert biomass into a fuel with higher carbon content and lower oxygen content in a zero-energy-consumption fashion. Considering that ...biomass is composed of monosaccharide, we used aqueous solutions of variation acids including hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and perchloric acid to treat 2-deoxy-ribose and fructose at ambient temperature and pressure. Black substances were produced after a period of time when 2-deoxy-ribose and fructose were mixed with aqueous solutions containing 8 mol · L(-1) acids. The black substance was collected and characterized by using elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Elemental analysis results indicate that the contents of carbon increases significantly in the black substances in comparison with 2-deoxy-ribose and fructose. Moreover, XPS results indicate that the content of oxygen in the black substance undergoes a significant decrease compared w
AIM: To determine if Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy of endoscopic biopsies could accurately diagnose gastritis and malignancy. METHODS: A total of 123 gastroscopic samples, including ...11 cases of cancerous tissues, 63 cases of chronic atrophic gastritis tissues, 47 cases of chronic superficial gastritis tissues and 2 cases of normal tissues, were obtained from the First Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China, A modified attenuated total reflectance (ATR) accessory was linked to a WQD-500 FT-IR spectrometer for spectral measurement followed by submission of the samples for pathologic analysis. The spectral characteristics for different types of gastroscopic tissues were summarized and correlated with the corresponding pathologic results. RESULTS: Distinct differences were observed in the FT-IR spectra of normal, atrophic gastritis, superficial gastritis and malignant gastric tissues. The sensitivity of FT-IR for detection of gastric cancer, chronic atrophic gastritis and superficial gastritis was 90.9%, 82.5%, 91.5%, and specificity was 97.3%, 91.7%, 89.5% respectively. CONCLUSION: FT-IR spectroscopy can distinguish gastric inflammation from malignancy.
Gray matter (GM) atrophies were observed in multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (both anti-aquaporin-4 antibody-positive AQP4+, and -negative AQP4- subtypes NMOSD), and myelin ...oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD). Revealing the pathogenesis of brain atrophy in these disorders would help their differential diagnosis and guide therapeutic strategies. To determine the neurobiological underpinnings of GM atrophies in multiple sclerosis, AQP4+ NMOSD, AQP4- NMOSD, and MOGAD, we conducted a virtual histology analysis that links T1-weighted image derived GM atrophy and gene expression using a multicenter cohort of 324 patients with multiple sclerosis, 197 patients with AQP4+ NMOSD, 75 patients with AQP4- NMOSD, 47 patients with MOGAD, and 2,169 healthy controls (HCs). First, interregional GM atrophy profiles across the cortical and subcortical regions were determined by Cohen's d between patients with multiple sclerosis, AQP4+ NMOSD, AQP4- NMOSD, MOGAD and HCs. Then, the GM atrophy profiles were spatially correlated with the gene expressions extracted from the Allen Human Brain Atlas, respectively. Finally, we explored the virtual histology of clinical feature relevant GM atrophy by subgroup analysis that stratified by physical disability, disease duration, number of relapses, lesion burden, and cognitive function. Multiple sclerosis showed severe widespread GM atrophy pattern, mainly involving subcortical nuclei and brainstem. AQP4+ NMOSD showed obvious widespread GM atrophy pattern, predominately located in occipital cortex as well as cerebellum. AQP4- NMOSD showed mild widespread GM atrophy pattern, mainly located in frontal and parietal cortices. MOGAD showed GM atrophy mainly involving the frontal and temporal cortices. High expression of genes specific to microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and endothelial cells in multiple sclerosis, S1 pyramidal cells in AQP4+ NMOSD, as well as S1 and CA1 pyramidal cells in MOGAD had spatial correlations with GM atrophy profiles were observed, while no atrophy profile related gene expression was found in AQP4- NMOSD. Virtual histology of clinical feature relevant GM atrophy mainly pointed to the shared neuronal and endothelial cells among the four neuroinflammatory diseases. The unique underlying virtual histology patterns were microglia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes for multiple sclerosis; astrocytes for AQP4+ NMOSD; and oligodendrocytes for MOGAD. Neuronal and endothelial cells were shared potential targets across these neuroinflammatory diseases. These findings might help their differential diagnosis and optimal therapeutic strategies.
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