Filosofie en de kering naar kunst Wilde, Tine
Algemeen Nederlands tijdschrift voor wijsbegeerte,
07/2023, Letnik:
115, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Op 12 november 2021 opende het Leopold Museum in Wenen met een tentoonstelling onder de titel Ludwig Wittgenstein. Door middel van wet of systeem – iets wat van nature dood en mechanistisch is. En ...middels Gestalt, een term die kan worden vertaald in vorm, variatie binnen hetzelfde, of fysionomie – iets wat van nature organisch en levend is. Het overtuigende effect is tenslotte gebaseerd op de analoge precisie van de op elkaar liggende opnamen, die op hun beurt weer afhangen van de manier waarop de opnamen op de gevoelige plaat zijn vastgelegd.
Purpose We assessed the cardiovascular safety profile of degarelix, a new gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist. Materials and Methods This is the first report to our knowledge on cardiovascular ...safety data from a completed 1-year randomized controlled trial of leuprolide acetate vs degarelix. Outcomes considered in these analyses included the QT interval by central reading and analysis, and cardiovascular adverse events. On multivariate analyses relationships between selected baseline factors and cardiovascular events were evaluated. Results There were no significant differences between treatment groups for mean change in Fridericia's correction of QT during the trial. Markedly abnormal Fridericia's correction of QT values (500 milliseconds or greater) were observed in only a small number of subjects by treatment group, that is 2 (less than 1%) in the pooled degarelix group and 2 (1%) in the leuprolide group. Supraventricular arrhythmias were the most common type of arrhythmias, affecting 2% of subjects in the pooled degarelix group and 4% in the leuprolide group. Other arrhythmias occurred in 1% or less of subjects by treatment group. The most frequently reported cardiac disorder was ischemic heart disease, which occurred in 4% of subjects treated with degarelix and 10% of those on leuprolide. Cox proportional hazard ratio estimates for selected baseline covariates showed a significantly increased risk of cardiovascular events by age (p = 0.0459) and systolic blood pressure (p = 0.0061). Conclusions In men with prostate cancer degarelix and leuprolide have similar cardiovascular safety profiles. These observations suggest that the cardiovascular events associated with both agents result from hypogonadism rather than a direct drug effect.
MERLIN-Expo is a library of models that was developed in the frame of the FP7 EU project 4FUN in order to provide an integrated assessment tool for state-of-the-art exposure assessment for ...environment, biota and humans, allowing the detection of scientific uncertainties at each step of the exposure process. This paper describes the main features of the MERLIN-Expo tool. The main challenges in exposure modelling that MERLIN-Expo has tackled are: (i) the integration of multimedia (MM) models simulating the fate of chemicals in environmental media, and of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models simulating the fate of chemicals in human body. MERLIN-Expo thus allows the determination of internal effective chemical concentrations; (ii) the incorporation of a set of functionalities for uncertainty/sensitivity analysis, from screening to variance-based approaches. The availability of such tools for uncertainty and sensitivity analysis aimed to facilitate the incorporation of such issues in future decision making; (iii) the integration of human and wildlife biota targets with common fate modelling in the environment.
MERLIN-Expo is composed of a library of fate models dedicated to non biological receptor media (surface waters, soils, outdoor air), biological media of concern for humans (several cultivated crops, mammals, milk, fish), as well as wildlife biota (primary producers in rivers, invertebrates, fish) and humans. These models can be linked together to create flexible scenarios relevant for both human and wildlife biota exposure. Standardized documentation for each model and training material were prepared to support an accurate use of the tool by end-users.
One of the objectives of the 4FUN project was also to increase the confidence in the applicability of the MERLIN-Expo tool through targeted realistic case studies. In particular, we aimed at demonstrating the feasibility of building complex realistic exposure scenarios and the accuracy of the modelling predictions through a comparison with actual measurements.
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•MERLIN-Expo is a library of models that provides integrated exposure assessment.•MERLIN-Expo integrates multimedia (MM) environmental models and PBPK models.•MERLIN-Expo contains many functionalities for uncertainty/sensitivity analysis.•MERLIN-Expo targets both humans and wildlife biota through common fate models.•MERLIN-Expo was tested on three realistic case studies.
Integration of acquired immunity into microbial risk assessment for illness incidence is of no doubt essential for the study of susceptibility to illness. In this study, a probabilistic model was set ...up as dose response for infection and a mathematical derivation was carried out by integrating immunity to obtain probability of illness models. Temporary acquire immunity from epidemiology studies which includes six different Norovirus transmission scenarios such as symptomatic individuals infectious, pre- and post-symptomatic infectiousness (low and high), innate genetic resistance, genogroup 2 type 4 and those with no immune boosting by asymptomatic infection were evaluated.
Simulated results on illness inflation factor as a function of dose and exposure indicated that high frequency exposures had immense immunity build up even at high dose levels; hence minimized the probability of illness. Using Norovirus transmission dynamics data, results showed, and immunity included models had a reduction of 2–6 logs of magnitude difference in disease burden for both population and individual probable illness incidence. Additionally, the magnitude order of illness for each dose response remained largely the same for all transmission scenarios; symptomatic infectiousness and no immune boosting after asymptomatic infectiousness also remained the same throughout. With integration of epidemiological data on acquired immunity into the risk assessment, more realistic results were achieved signifying an overestimation of probable risk of illness when epidemiological immunity data are not included. This finding supported the call for rigorous integration of temporary acquired immunity in dose-response in all microbial risk assessments.
PASSEQ 2006–2008 (Passive Seismic Experiment in TESZ; Wilde-Piórko
et al.
2008) was the biggest passive seismic experiment carried out so far in the area of Central Europe (Poland, Germany, the Czech ...Republic and Lithuania). 196 seismic stations (including 49 broadband seismometers) worked simultaneously for over two years. During the experiment, multiple types of data recorders and seismometers were used, making the analysis more complex and time consuming. The dataset was unified and repaired to start the detection of local seismic events. Two different approaches for detection were applied for stations located in Poland. The first one used standard STA/LTA triggers (Carl Johnson’s STA/LTA algorithm) and grid search to classify and locate the events. The result was manually verified. The second approach used Real Time Recurrent Network (RTRN) detection (Wiszniowski
et al
. 2014). Both methods gave similar results, showing four previously unknown seismic events located in the Gulf of Gdańsk area, situated in the southern Baltic Sea. In this paper we discuss both detection methods with their pros and cons (accuracy, efficiency, manual work required, scalability). We also show details of all detected and previously unknown events in the discussed area.
The presented study aims to resolve the upper mantle structure around the Trans-European Suture Zone (TESZ), which is the major tectonic boundary in Europe. The data of 183 temporary and permanent ...seismic stations operated during the period of the PASsive Seismic Experiment (PASSEQ) 2006–2008 within the study area from Germany to Lithuania was used to compile the data set of manually picked 6008 top-quality arrivals of P waves from teleseismic earthquakes. We used the TELINV nonlinear teleseismic tomography algorithm to perform the inversions. As a result, we obtain a model of P wave velocity variations up to about ±3% with respect to the IASP91 velocity model in the upper mantle around the TESZ. The higher velocities to the east of the TESZ correspond to the older East European Craton (EEC), while the lower velocities to the west of the TESZ correspond to younger western Europe. We find that the seismic lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary (LAB) is more distinct beneath the Phanerozoic part of Europe than beneath the Precambrian part. To the west of the TESZ beneath the eastern part of the Bohemian Massif, the Sudetes Mountains and the Eger Rift, the negative anomalies are observed from a depth of at least 70 km, while under the Variscides the average depth of the seismic LAB is about 100 km. We do not observe the seismic LAB beneath the EEC, but beneath Lithuania we find the thickest lithosphere of about 300 km or more. Beneath the TESZ, the asthenosphere is at a depth of 150–180 km, which is an intermediate value between that of the EEC and western Europe. The results imply that the seismic LAB in the northern part of the TESZ is in the shape of a ramp dipping to the northeasterly direction. In the southern part of the TESZ, the LAB is shallower, most probably due to younger tectonic settings. In the northern part of the TESZ we do not recognize any clear contact between Phanerozoic and Proterozoic Europe, but further to the south we may refer to a sharp and steep contact on the eastern edge of the TESZ. Moreover, beneath Lithuania at depths of 120–150 km, we observe the lower velocity area following the boundary of the proposed paleosubduction zone.
The presented study is a part of the passive seismic experiment PASSEQ 2006-2008, which took place around the Trans-European Suture Zone (TESZ) from May 2006 to June 2008. The data set of 4195 ...manually picked arrivals of teleseismic P waves of 101 earthquakes (EQs) recorded in the seismic stations deployed to the east of the TESZ was inverted using the non-linear teleseismic tomography algorithm TELINV. Two 3-D crustal models were used to estimate the crustal travel time (TT) corrections. As a result, we obtain a model of P-wave velocity variations in the upper mantle beneath the TESZ and the East European Craton (EEC). In the study area beneath the craton, we observe up to 3% higher and beneath the TESZ about 2-3% lower seismic velocities compared to the IASP91 velocity model. We find the seismic lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB) beneath the TESZ at a depth of about 180 km, while we observe no seismic LAB beneath the EEC. The inversion results obtained with the real and the synthetic data sets indicate a ramp shape of the LAB in the northern TESZ, where we observe values of seismic velocities close to those of the craton down to about 150 km. The lithosphere thickness in the EEC increases going from the TESZ to the NE from about 180 km beneath Poland to 300 km or more beneath Lithuania. Moreover, in western Lithuania we find an indication of an upper-mantle dome. In our results, the crustal units are not well resolved. There are no clear indications of the features in the upper mantle which could be related to the crustal units in the study area. On the other hand, at a depth of 120-150 km we indicate a trace of a boundary of proposed palaeosubduction zone between the East Lithuanian Domain (EL) and the West Lithuanian Granulite Domain (WLG). Also, in our results, we may have identified two anorogenic granitoid plutons.
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