Memorializes Asuncion (Siony) Miteria Austria (1932-2020). Siony had a 38-year career at Cardinal Stritch University in Milwaukee, WI, where she became a Professor and Chair of the Department of ...Psychology. She founded the graduate program in Clinical Psychology, and had a tremendous impact on the lives of countless students whom she taught and mentored. A fellow of the American Psychological Association (APA), she served as president of two sections of the Society of Clinical Psychology and was the first chair of the Committee on Diversity in the Society. After her retirement, Siony was able to put more of her energy into the University of Philippines Alumni Association of Wisconsin, an organization founded by her husband, Roger, of which she was also a founding member in 1974. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Reflective writing is a mandatory part of nurse education but how students develop their skills and use reflection as part of their experiential learning remains relatively unknown. Understanding ...reflective writing in all forms from the perspective of a student nurse is therefore important.
To explore the use of reflective writing and the use of poetry in pre-registered nursing students.
A qualitative design was employed to explore reflective writing in pre-registered nursing students.
A small university in Scotland.
BSc (Hons) Adult and Mental Health Pre-registration Student Nurses.
Two focus groups were conducted with 10 student nurses during March 2012. Data was analysed thematically using the framework of McCarthy (1999).
Students found the process of reflective writing daunting but valued it over time. Current educational methods, such as assessing reflective accounts, often lead to the ‘narrative’ being watered down and the student feeling judged. Despite this, reflection made students feel responsible for their own learning and research on the topic. Some students felt the use of models of reflection constricting, whilst poetry freed up their expression allowing them to demonstrate the compassion for their patient under their care.
Poetry writing gives students the opportunity for freedom of expression, personal satisfaction and a closer connection with their patients, which the more formal approach to reflective writing did not offer. There is a need for students to have a safe and supportive forum in which to express and have their experiences acknowledged without the fear of being judged.
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This study looks at the experience of women with learning disabilities who go for breast screening (X‐ray of the breast)
Women with learning disabilities reported that there were ...many things that encouraged and discouraged them from going for breast screening.
Carers were very important in supporting women with learning disabilities through breast screening
Background: Despite breast screening in Britain being free to all women within the allotted age range, uptake of this service is often poor in women with intellectual disabilities. Reasons put forward are numerous, including poor knowledge, pain and difficulty travelling to the centre. However, what influences the decision to attend is rarely discussed.
Methods: Twelve semi‐structured interviews and three focused observation were undertaken with women with intellectual disabilities to explore what influenced them to participate in breast screening and their experience of having mammography. Data were analysed thematically using a blended framework.
Results: Despite the experience of mammography being negative, high uptake of breast screening services was reported in this study. Pain and previous poor treatment in hospital were reasons for nonparticipation in breast screening. Although awareness about breast screening varied, those who had previous breast problems were more knowledgeable; however, there was poor awareness of the risks of hereditary breast cancer. Overall, paid‐carers were found to play a key role, as means of support, information and a potential influence in determining participation in breast screening.
Conclusions: There was general equality of access but an inequality in the preparation and delivery of the service which was dependent on a complex range of issues and relationships. Key to participation was preparation with the paid‐carer facilitating discussions about breast screening were key to participating in mammography. This has implications on the future direction of funding and policy making. Risks associated with hereditary breast cancer and earlier presentation of breast tumours also needs highlighting.
Background Antimicrobial resistance poses a serious global public health threat. Hospital misuse of antibiotics has contributed to this problem and evidence-based interventions are urgently needed to ...change inappropriate prescribing practices. This paper reports the first theoretical stage of a longer-term project to improve antibiotic prescribing in hospitals through design of an effective behaviour-change intervention. Methods Qualitative synthesis using meta-ethnography of primary studies reporting doctors' views and experiences of antibiotic prescribing in hospitals for example, their barriers to appropriate prescribing. Twenty electronic databases were systematically searched over a 10-year period and potential studies screened against eligibility criteria. Included studies were quality-appraised. Original participant quotes and author interpretations were extracted and coded thematically into NVivo. All study processes were conducted by two reviewers working independently with findings discussed with the wider team and key stakeholders. Studies were related by findings into clusters and translated reciprocally and refutationally to develop a new line-of-argument synthesis and conceptual model. Findings are reported using eMERGe guidance. Results Fifteen papers (13 studies) conducted between 2007 and 2017 reporting the experiences of 336 doctors of varying seniority working in acute hospitals across seven countries, were synthesised. Study findings related in four ways which collectively represented multiple challenges to appropriate antibiotic medical prescribing in hospitals: loss of ownership of prescribing decisions, tension between individual care and public health concerns, evidence-based practice versus bedside medicine, and diverse priorities between different clinical teams. The resulting new line-of-argument and conceptual model reflected how these challenges operated on both micro- and macro-level, highlighting key areas for improving current prescribing practice, such as creating feedback mechanisms, normalising input from other specialties and reducing variation in responsibility for antibiotic decisions. Conclusions This first meta-ethnography of doctors` experiences of antibiotic prescribing in acute hospital settings has enabled development of a novel conceptual model enhancing understanding of appropriate antibiotic prescribing. That is, hospital antibiotic prescribing is a complex, context-dependent and dynamic process, entailing the balancing of many tensions. To change practice, comprehensive efforts are needed to manage failures in communication and information provision, promote distribution of responsibility for antibiotic decisions, and reduce fear of consequences from not prescribing. Trial registration PROSPERO registration: CRD42017073740. Keywords: Antimicrobial resistance, Antibiotic decision-making, Prescribing behaviour, Doctors, Acute hospitals, Meta-ethnography, Qualitative synthesis
Screening children for autism has gained wider acceptance within clinical practice, and early intervention has improved outcomes. Increasingly, adapting an existing screening instrument is a common, ...fast method to create a usable screening tool, especially for countries with limited resources and/or expertise. However, concerns have been raised regarding adaptation adequacy and the feasibility of screening across cultural groups. This study systematically examined the levels of cultural adaptation and feasibility aspects considered when screening for autism in non-English speaking countries to build upon the sparse knowledge that exists on this topic in the literature.
Nineteen studies, obtained from five electronic databases, were examined. PRISMA guidance was used for this review. The Ecological Validity Framework model, and Bowen Recommendations for Feasibility were adopted to extract relevant data, which was synthesised narratively.
Cultural adaptation within the included studies mostly involved language translation with little information offered to enable conclusions on how the processes were guided and maintained. Few cultural adjustments involved modifying screening methods; clarifying difficult concepts and changing instrument content were employed to address the core values, competence, beliefs, and norms of the adapted culture. However, less attention was given to adapt the screening goals within the context of cultural values, and customs or to consider interactional match between the clients and assessors. The review also highlighted an acceptable level of practicality to screen for autism but did not encourage integrating autism screening within routine practice or beyond the study context for different cultures.
Concurring with previous literature, we agree that knowledge on cultural adaptation for autism screening instruments is limited and not sufficiently documented to establish adaptation levels (process and/or contents), and prove adequacy. However, this review provides an infrastructure to improve future adaptation processes. Integrating autism screening as routine medical practice is not encouraged and warrants further feasibility studies to minimize wasted resources and improve screening effectiveness in various health care systems.
Some children with Down syndrome may experience difficulties in recognizing facial emotions, particularly fear, but it is not clear why, nor how such skills can best be facilitated. Using a ...photo-matching task, emotion recognition was tested in children with Down syndrome, children with nonspecific intellectual disability and cognitively matched, typically developing children (all groups N = 21) under four conditions: veridical vs. exaggerated emotions and emotion-labelling vs. generic task instructions. In all groups, exaggerating emotions facilitated recognition accuracy and speed, with emotion labelling facilitating recognition accuracy. Overall accuracy and speed did not differ in the children with Down syndrome, although recognition of fear was poorer than in the typically developing children and unrelated to emotion label use. Implications for interventions are considered.
Increased longevity will mean an increase in people presenting with cognitive and physical disabilities, such as sight loss or dementia. The Patient Rights (Scotland) Act 2011 states that health care ...should be patient-focussed, taking into account patient needs. This will necessitate nursing curricula to reflect the needs of people who have disabilities and equip the future workforce with knowledge and skills to provide appropriate care. This study explores student nurses' strengths and weakness when working with people with disabilities and identifies opportunities and threats to developing their knowledge and skills to meet the needs of this population.
As part of a study day, students from the year one Nursing programme were asked to take part in a SWOT analysis and post comments under the categories: strengths, weakness, opportunity and threats on a central wall about working with people with disabilities.
Students acknowledged some of the challenges of being disabled especially in a health setting but also believed they were developing their skills to provide holistic care that ensured autonomy. Communication was viewed as both a strength and weakness and was identified as an essential skill to working effectively with people who had a disability. Students acknowledged that clinical staff were not always experts in working with people who were disabled and welcomed the opportunity to work with experts and clients as well as being directed to resources to increase their knowledge.
Integration of disability into the nursing curriculum is needed to ensure students have awareness of and the confidence to work effectively with people who have a range of cognitive and physical disabilities alongside other medical problems.
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This paper looks at the views of paid‐ and family‐carers about discussing health matters with people with learning disabilities.
The author found that the roles of paid‐ and ...family‐carers in monitoring health were not clearly defined.
Explaining health problems and different medical tests to people with learning disabilities proved difficult.
Nevertheless, carers possessed good skills in helping people with learning disabilities understand more about their health.
Summary
Changes in the living circumstances of people with learning disabilities have seen responsibility for their health become the provenance of paid‐and family‐carers. Thirteen semi‐structured interviews were conducted with three family‐carers and ten paid‐carers. Findings revealed that the role of these carers was undefined, leading to difficulty in deciphering who was responsible for the health care of the people they supported, with some paid‐carers claiming that health was outwith their remit. The difficulty of monitoring health problems of people with learning disabilities was noted, and carers disclosed skills and techniques that they used to explain health messages to individuals. If the health needs of people with learning disabilities are to be met, then a more consistent approach to health care within the community setting is needed, especially in terms of the remit of paid‐and family‐carers and with the integration of health and social services.
Voting is a human right for every citizen yet many people with intellectual disabilities do not vote or have little support to exercise their right to vote. This article explores views on the wider ...aspects of voting against the backdrop of the Scottish referendum using focus groups involving people with intellectual disabilities (n = 12), family carers (n = 7) and paid carers (n = 5). Findings revealed that people with intellectual disabilities had similar concerns to the general population about the referendum. Regarding voting, all groups identified the need to discuss issues and for practical support and accessible information to ensure informed choices were made when voting.
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