Parechovirus‐A (PeV‐A) causes emerging infection in children, and clinical presentation depends on genotype. The virus has been investigated mainly in developed countries; however, data from ...developing countries, especially in Asia, are sparse. This study investigated whether PeV‐A circulated in children in Myanmar. This retrospective study evaluated PeV‐A in nasopharyngeal samples from children aged 1 month to 12 years who were hospitalized with acute lower respiratory infection at Yankin Children Hospital, Yangon, Myanmar, during the period from May 2017 to April 2019. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect PeV‐A, and PCR‐positive samples were used for genotyping and phylogenetic analysis. In total, 11/570 (1.9%) of samples were positive for PeV‐A; 7 were successfully genotyped by sequencing the VP3/VP1 region, as follows: PeV‐A1 (n = 4), PeV‐A5 (n = 1), PeV‐A6 (n = 1), and PeV‐A14 (n = 1). Median age was 10.0 months (interquartile range 4.0–12.0 months), and other respiratory viruses were detected in all cases. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all detected PeV‐A1 strains were in clade 1 A, which was a minor clade worldwide. Four PeV‐A genotypes were detected in Myanmar. The clinical impact of PeV‐A in children should be evaluated in future studies.
Athletes have changes that can mimic pathological cardiomyopathy.
Echocardiographic study of 50 male, female athletes (MA, FA) and non-athletes (MNA, FNA) age 18 to 30 years. These athletes ...participate in sports with predominantly endurance component. All participants exhibit no known medical illnesses or symptoms.
MA have thicker wall (IVSd) than MNA. No MA have IVSd > 1.2 cm and no FA have IVSd > 1.0 cm. Left ventricle internal dimension (LVIDd), left ventricle end diastolic volume index (LVEDVi) is bigger in athletes. None have LVIDd > 5.8 cm. Right ventricle fractional area change (FAC) is lower in athletes. (MA vs MNA, p = 0.013, FA vs FNA, p = 0.025). Athletes have higher septal and lateral e’ (Septal e’; MA 13.57 ± 2.66 cm/s vs MNA 11.46 ± 2.93 cm/s, p < 0.001, Lateral e’; MA 17.17 ± 3.07 cm/s vs MNA 14.82 ± 3.14 cm/s, p < 0.001), (Septal e’; FA 13.46 ± 2.32 cm/s vs FNA 12.16 ± 2.05 cm/s, p = 0.04, Lateral e’; FA 16.92 ± 2.97 cm/s vs FNA 15.44 ± 2.29 cm/s, p = 0.006).No difference in Global longitudinal (GLS), Right ventricle free wall (RVFWS) and Global circumferential strain (GCS). Left atrial reservoir (LArS) and left atrial booster strain (LAbS) is smaller in athletes. (LArS, MA 44.12 ± 9.55% vs MNA 52.95 ± 11.17%, p < 0.001 LArS, FA 48.07 ± 10.06% vs FNA 53.64 ± 8.99%, p = 0.004), (LAbS, MA 11.59 ± 5.13% vs MNA 17.35 ± 5.27%, p < 0.001 LAbS FA 11.77 ± 4.65% vs FNA 15.30 ± 4.19%, p < 0.001).
Malaysian athletes have thicker wall and bigger left ventricle than controls. No athletes have IVSd > 1.2 cm and/or LVIDd > 5.8 cm. There is no difference in GLS, RVFWS and GCS but athletes have smaller LArS and LAbS.
As-received (AsRec) EN24 steel was treated with conventional heat treatment (ConHeatTreat) without tempering followed by deep cryogenic treatment (DeepCryoTreat) as a supplemental treatment to study ...its tribological behaviour against alumina without or with mineral oil (MO) under different normal loads of 1 N and 5 N. The ConHeatTreat of the AsRec-EN24 obtained an 218.5% improvement in its hardness as the supplemental DeepCryoTreat of the ConHeatTreat-EN24 resulted in a 11.7% further improvement in its hardness. As a result, the ConHeatTreat-EN24 had the 67.5% and 56.3% lower wear volumes for 1 N and 5 N under dry condition and the 53.6% lower wear volume for 5 N under MO lubrication condition compared to those of the AsRec-EN24, respectively. The DeepCryoTreat-EN24 had the 11.5% and 39.7% lower wear volumes for 1 N and 5 N under dry condition and the unmeasurable wear volume for 5 N under MO lubrication condition compared to those of the ConHeatTreat-EN24, respectively. It could be concluded that the supplemental DeepCryoTreat further improved the hardness and thereby the abrasive wear resistance of the ConHeatTreat-EN24 under both dry and lubrication conditions.
B-cell lymphoma 9 (Bcl9) is the core component of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and overexpressed in nuclei of various tumors, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the extent of Bcl9 ...expression relative to HCC differentiation stage and its functional aspects are poorly understood. In this study, we examined the expression pattern of Bcl9 immunohistochemically, using two anti-Bcl9 antibodies; one was a conventional polyclonal-antibody (anti-Bcl9
) against amino acid no.800-900 of human-Bcl9, while the other (anti-Bcl9
) was against amino acid no.50-200, covering Pygopus-binding sites of Bcl9. Immunohistochemistry using anti-Bcl9
demonstrated distinctive staining in the cytoplasm, while the anti-Bcl9
signal was detected in both cytoplasm and nuclei of HCC cells, reflecting different states of Bcl9 function because Pygopus-binding to Bcl9 is essential to exert its function together with β-catenin in nucleus. Quantitative analysis revealed a significantly higher immunohistochemical-score by anti-Bcl9
in normal liver comparing various differentiation grades of HCC (
< 0.004), whereas no significant difference was noted with anti-Bcl9
. Interestingly, immunohistochemical-score of anti-Bcl9
in patients aged < 40 years was significantly lower than that of ≥ 40 years group (
< 0.01). The results indicated that anti-Bcl9
detected cytoplasmic Bcl9, which does not bind to Pygopus suggesting it could be a useful indicator for development of HCC in young Myanmar patients.
Ni-doped diamond like carbon (NiDLC) thin films were deposited on Si substrates by cosputtering a pure Ni target with different DC powers (10, 20, 30, and 40
W) and a pure graphite target with a DC ...power of about 650
W at room temperature. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to measure the chemical composition and binding energy of the NiDLC thin films, and the C bonding structures of the films were also measured with micro-Raman spectroscopy. The XPS and Raman results illustrated that the fraction of sp
2-hybridized C bonds increased with increased Ni concentration in the films. The surface roughness of the NiDLC thin films also increased with increased Ni concentration as measured with atomic force microscopy (AFM). The NiDLC thin films were used as working electrodes to sense the direct electrochemical response of glucose in 0.1
M NaOH aqueous solutions with different glucose concentrations. The results showed that the NiDLC film electrodes with different Ni concentrations had varying reaction behavior to glucose.
Highly sensitive electrochemical electrodes for glucose detection were developed by using Au nanoclusters (NCs) to modify nitrogen-doped diamond-like carbon thin films (DLC:N/Au). The DLC:N/Au ...electrodes were prepared with a filtered cathodic vacuum arc process followed by electrodeposition and characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The size of the Au NCs covered by Au oxide ranged between 10 and 70 nm with a density of 10
–10
clusters per cm
. Glucose oxidation at the DLC:N/Au electrodes started from about –0.5 V due to the high catalytic activities of the Au NCs in NaOH solutions, and the catalytic ability of the electrodes depended on the amount of Au NCs deposited on the electrode surfaces. A linear detection range of glucose with the DLC:N/Au electrodes was identified from about 0.25 to 30 mM (covering blood glucose levels in diabetic patients) with a detection limit of 60 μM. The experimental results showed that the non-enzymatic glucose sensors based on the DLC:N/Au electrodes had high sensitivity and good reproducibility and stability.
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