Abstract
This study examined the prevalence of loneliness and relationship with cooking and eating habits among older adults using data collected in December 2019 from a nationally representative ...sample age 50-80 through the National Poll on Healthy Aging. Older adults who live alone were more likely those who lived with others (19% vs. 8%) and those with a high PHQ-2 score were more like than those with a low PHQ-2 score (20% vs. 11%) to report that they do not cook dinner most days (0-2 times/week). Those who rated their diet as fair/poor were more likely to indicate they cook few meals a week (0-2) compared to those who reported a good or very good/excellent diet (18% vs. 11 % vs 8%). Those with a high PHQ-2 score were less likely than those with a low PHQ-2 score to say they do major food shopping less than once a week (31% vs 47%). Those with a high PHQ-2 score were more likely to say that that always ate alone in the last week compared to those with a low PHQ-2 score (17% vs 7%). These findings demonstrate that older adults who lived alone, had a higher PHQ-2 score, and had a poorer diet were more likely to cook and do grocery shopping less often. Strategies and policies to support older adults to address depressive symptoms and to increase cooking and improve diet may have many health and social benefits and will be explored through this session.
To characterize the nutrient profile of combination meals and understand price incentives to upsize at large U.S. fast food and fast casual restaurants.
Combination meals (n = 1479) from 34 U.S. fast ...food and fast casual restaurants were identified from online menus and corresponding nutrition information was obtained from a restaurant nutrition database (MenuStat). Three options for each meal were analyzed: 1) default (as advertised on menu), 2) minimum (low-calorie option), and 3) maximum (high-calorie option). The nutrient composition of meals was compared to the Healthier Restaurant Meal Guidelines, and linear models examined to what extent each meal component (entrée, side, beverage) drove differences in nutrients across meal options. Prices were obtained from restaurant websites for a subset of combination meals (n = 326) and linear models were used to examine the difference in total calories per dollar between default and maximum options.
There was substantial variation across combination meal options for calories (default: 1193 kcal; minimum: 767 kcal; maximum: 1685 kcal), saturated fat (14 g; 11 g; 19 g), sodium (2110 mg; 1783 mg; 2823 mg), and sugar (68 g; 10 g; 117 g). Most default meals exceeded the Healthier Restaurant Meal Guidelines for calories (97%) and sodium (99%); fewer exceeded the standards for saturated fat (50%) and total sugar (6%). Comparing maximum and default meals, beverages were the largest driver of differences in calories (178 kcal, 36% of difference) and sugar (46 g, 93%), and entrées were the largest driver of differences in saturated fat (3 g, 59%) and sodium (371 g, 52%). There were significantly more calories per dollar in maximum versus default meals (169 kcal/dollar vs. 138 kcal/dollar).
Default combination meals offered by large U.S. chain restaurants are high in calories, sodium, saturated fat, and sugar. Maximum meals offer significantly more calories per dollar compared to default meals, suggesting there is a strong financial incentive for consumers to “upsize” their orders. Industry and governmental policies that improve the nutritional profile of default meals and financially incentivize lower-calorie meals may be promising strategies for improving dietary behaviors in restaurants.
None.
Abstract Background This study presents an animal model of native airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). AHR is a fundamental aspect of asthma and reflects an abnormal response characterized by airway ...narrowing following exposure to a wide variety of non-immunological stimuli. Undescended testis (UDT) is one of the most common male congenital anomalies. The orl rat is a Long Evans substrain with inherited UDT. Since boys born with congenital UDT are more likely to manifest asthma symptoms, the main aim of this study was to investigate the alternative hypothesis that orl rats have greater AHR to a methacholine aerosol challenge than wild type rats. Methods Long Evans wild type ( n = 9) and orl ( n = 13) rats were anesthetized, tracheostomized, and mechanically ventilated at 4 weeks of age. Escalating concentrations of inhaled methacholine were delivered. The methacholine potency and efficacy in the strains were measured. Respiratory resistance was the primary endpoint. After the final methacholine aerosol challenge, the short-acting β2 -adrenoceptor agonist albuterol was administered as an aerosol and lung/diaphragm tissues were assayed for interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Histological and histomorphometrical analyses were performed. Results The methacholine concentration–response curve in the orl group indicated increased sensitivity, hyperreactivity, and exaggerated maximal response in comparison with the wild type group, indicating that orl rats had abnormally greater AHR responses to methacholine. Histological findings in orl rats showed the presence of eosinophils, unlike wild type rats. β2 -Adrenoceptor agonist intervention resulted in up-regulation of IL-4 diaphragmatic levels and down-regulation of IL-4 and IL-6 in the lungs of orl rats. Conclusion orl rats had greater AHR than wild type rats during methacholine challenge, with higher IL-4 levels in diaphragmatic tissue homogenates. Positive immunostaining for IL-4 was detected in lung and diaphragmatic tissue in both strains. This model offers advantages over other pre-clinical murine models for studying potential mechanistic links between cryptorchidism and asthma. This animal model may be useful for further testing of compounds/therapeutics options for treating AHR.
Lessons from the first DBTex Challenge Park, Jungkyu; Shoshan, Yoel; Martí, Robert ...
Nature machine intelligence,
08/2021, Letnik:
3, Številka:
8
Journal Article
Recenzirano
A new international competition aims to speed up the development of AI models that can assist radiologists in detecting suspicious lesions from hundreds of millions of pixels in 3D mammograms. The ...top three winning teams compare notes.
This chapter offers a brief overview of a vision of person-centred practice, and what these ideas can look like in an organizational context. It focuses on three person-centred pillars in a ...power-savvy culture: inner direction, dynamic learning hubs and engagement facilitation. The individual's inner direction is the focus of person-centred practice. The idea of an inner direction deepens person-centred care and support, by taking as our starting point the personal growth and talent development of every person. The inner drive for development and joyous teamwork among leaders sets the pattern in motion for a person-first organization. Organizations, too, have a myth, a story, pulsing through the ups and downs, through losing the way and finding the way. Engagement facilitators are people within the organization who are recognized by their leaders and peers as having a natural ability to relate well with others.
Brownfield redevelopment is often overwhelming and complicated. However, unlike traditional development, brownfields can offer a different form of opportunity to communities. At a time where green ...space needs to be preserved and density can be encouraged, brownfields offer the opportunity to halt the spread of blight and abandonment and enrich areas that most need positive change. Recognizing this potential in our nation's brownfields, this thesis examines the complications of brownfield redevelopment and offers techniques and advice that can be used to simplify and inform the process. Through interviews with first time brownfield developers and a variety of agencies, the barriers faced by these stakeholders are presented and advice is given on how to overcome these challenges and achieve success. Recent case studies are included to emphasize the lessons highlighted by the interviewees. While this research has focused on first time brownfield developers, the findings in this thesis are applicable to anyone involved with brownfields, whether they are new to the field or an expert.
Suite du premier volume consacré à la collection Ad usum Delphini dans son ensemble, à son élaboration et à ses aspects bibliophiliques et pédagogiques, ce second volet aborde l’analyse de chacun des ...volumes publiés concernant les auteurs anciens. Les différents collaborateurs se sont attachés à la fois à éclaircir la personnalité et la carrière de ces savants du XVIIe siècle, parfois jeunes ou peu connus lors de leur participation à l’équipe dauphine, à examiner leur travail philologique, mais aussi à le replacer dans son contexte historique et dans l’histoire de l’édition des classiques. Il ne s’agit pas de dire ici si ces éditions sont « bonnes » au regard de notre temps, mais à examiner leur facture, les motifs de leurs réussites comme de leurs silences, ce qu’elles ont apporté à l’histoire du texte autant que ce qu’elles ont figé dans sa transmission. L’ensemble des deux ouvrages forme la première étude exhaustive scientifique sur le fond de la collection Ad usum Delphini.
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