This study explores the issue of financial integration among stock markets of ASEAN5 economies, plus China (mainland China and Hong Kong), Japan and South Korea (referred to as ASEAN5+4). Using both ...graph theory and a Vector Autoregressive (VAR)-based method, together with a rolling window approach, we show that the level of interconnectedness among these markets is high but with clear time varying patterns. A large share of this seemingly high level of integration is shown to be driven by common global factors. After filtering these factors from each stock market, the magnitude of interconnectedness falls substantially. Our results therefore suggest that stock market integration in East and Southeast Asia is not as strong as it looks. Although governments in this region have been promoting financial market collaboration and integration, barriers remain significant. The overestimated interconnectedness is mainly a simple reflection of stronger global influences on individual markets, while their interconnectedness attributable to non-global factors shows a descending trend after the crisis.
•East and Southeast Asian stock markets integration is investigated using graph theory and a VAR approach.•Market interconnectedness shows clear time varying characteristics.•Level of integration substantially decreases after filtering the world stock market effects.•High interconnectedness is mainly contributed by common global factors.
ABSTRACTNatural Language Processing (NLP) is a technology that permits computers to recognize human languages. Words are the fundamental unit of analysis in deep-level grammatical and semantic ...analysis. The main goal of NLP is typically word segmentation. Since the machine learning techniques cannot be directly applied to the practical issue of significant structural disparities between various data modalities in a multi-modal context. In this paper, English Vocabulary Learning Aid System Using Digital Twin Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Network Optimized using Jelly Fish Optimization Algorithm is proposed. The problematic of multiple modal data heterogeneity is handled by the feature extraction of Parameterized Local Maximum Synchro squeezing Transform and extract the features such as Phonetic features, sentence length, word embedding’s, part of speech tags, word frequencies, N-grams. Then, the Digital twin Wasserstein generative adversarial network classifies the English vocabulary to easy words, intermediate words, and difficult words. The performance of the proposed EVLS-DtwinWGAN-NLP approach attains 3.101%, 7.12%, 7.73% higher accuracy, 24.13%, 13.04%, 29.51% lower computation Time and 2.292%, 5.365%, 1.551% higher AUC compared with existing methods like Feature extraction and analysis of natural language processing for deep learning English language (EVLS-BiLSTM-NLP), State of art for semantic analysis of natural language processing (EVLS-SA-NLP) respectively.
Single atom catalysts (SACs) with the maximized metal atom efficiency have sparked great attention. However, it is challenging to obtain SACs with high metal loading, high catalytic activity, and ...good stability. Herein, we demonstrate a new strategy to develop a highly active and stable Ag single atom in carbon nitride (Ag‐N2C2/CN) catalyst with a unique coordination. The Ag atomic dispersion and Ag‐N2C2 configuration have been identified by aberration‐correction high‐angle‐annular‐dark‐field scanning transmission electron microscopy (AC‐HAADF‐STEM) and extended X‐ray absorption. Experiments and DFT calculations further verify that Ag‐N2C2 can reduce the H2 evolution barrier, expand the light absorption range, and improve the charge transfer of CN. As a result, the Ag‐N2C2/CN catalyst exhibits much better H2 evolution activity than the N‐coordinated Ag single atom in CN (Ag‐N4/CN), and is even superior to the Pt nanoparticle‐loaded CN (PtNP/CN). This work provides a new idea for the design and synthesis of SACs with novel configurations and excellent catalytic activity and durability.
A new Ag single atom in carbon nitride (Ag‐N2C2/CN) photocatalyst with Ag‐N2C2 configuration is developed. It affords fast charge transfer, high Ag loading, and good stability. Noteworthily, the Ag‐N2C2/CN exhibits much better hydrogen evolution activity than Ag‐N4/CN, and even superior to the platinum‐loaded CN.
Advances in fruit aroma volatile research El Hadi, Muna Ahmed Mohamed; Zhang, Feng-Jie; Wu, Fei-Fei ...
Molecules,
07/2013, Letnik:
18, Številka:
7
Journal Article, Book Review
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Fruits produce a range of volatile compounds that make up their characteristic aromas and contribute to their flavor. Fruit volatile compounds are mainly comprised of esters, alcohols, aldehydes, ...ketones, lactones, terpenoids and apocarotenoids. Many factors affect volatile composition, including the genetic makeup, degree of maturity, environmental conditions, postharvest handling and storage. There are several pathways involved in volatile biosynthesis starting from lipids, amino acids, terpenoids and carotenoids. Once the basic skeletons are produced via these pathways, the diversity of volatiles is achieved via additional modification reactions such as acylation, methylation, oxidation/reduction and cyclic ring closure. In this paper, we review the composition of fruit aroma, the characteristic aroma compounds of several representative fruits, the factors affecting aroma volatile, and the biosynthetic pathways of volatile aroma compounds. We anticipate that this review would provide some critical information for profound research on fruit aroma components and their manipulation during development and storage.
•New shear test method for RC beams.•Effect of span-to-depth ratio on shear strength components.•Variation of shear strength components.•Evaluation of existing shear strength models.
The additive ...model of shear strength of reinforced concrete (RC) members, i.e. shear strength (V) is equal to the sum of the contribution from concrete (Vc) and that from transverse reinforcement (Vs), has been widely accepted in the literature and engineering practice. Shear span-to-depth ratio (a/d) is known to be a significant factor affecting V of RC members. However, very few quantitative studies on the influence of a/d on Vc and Vs have been reported in the literature. Another issue is related to the controversial relationship between the shear force at first diagonal cracking (Vcr) and Vc, for which different guidelines are given in ACI, AASHTO LRFD and CSA codes. Through direct measurement of Vc and Vs from 11 RC beam tests, this work provides experimental evidence for these issues. The experimental results show that Vc can be very different from Vcr. At small shear span-to-depth ratio (a/d), Vc is much larger than Vcr, while it is the opposite for beams with a large a/d value. Not all stirrups crossing the critical shear crack yield at ultimate shear strength, and Vc as well as Vs are not constant under increasing member deformation. Although design codes give a conservative prediction of V, they predict an un-conservative value of Vc at large a/d.
Osteocytes, entrapped within the mineralized bone matrix, has been found to have numerous functions such as acting as an orchestrator of bone remodeling through regulation of both osteoclast and ...osteoblast activity and also functioning as an endocrine cell. Due to a specialized morphology and surrounding structure, osteocytes are more tolerant to hypoxia during osteoporosis, fracture, osteoarthritis, and orthodontic–orthognathic combination therapy. Hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) is one of the master regulators of hypoxia reactions, playing an important role in bone modeling, remodeling, and homeostasis. This study aimed to investigate the pivotal functional role of HIF‐1α in osteocytes initiating of bone remodeling under hypoxia. In the present study, the osteoclasts formation induced by RAW264.7 was significantly promoted in conditioned media (CM) from osteocytic MLO‐Y4 exposed to hypoxia in vitro. Therefore, hypoxic MLO‐Y4 cells simulated by 100 μmol/L CoCl2 or 2% O2 stably expressed HIF‐1α proteins and upregulated the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand (RANKL) at both the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein level. Furthermore, with the Knockdown of HIF‐1α, the expression of RANKL mRNA and protein decreased after transient transfection. In addition, the phosphorylation of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT3) was also correlated with HIF‐1α and RANKL levels under hypoxia. Then AG490, a JAK2 inhibitor, inhibited p‐JAK2, p‐STAT3 and RANKL expression. It was possible that AG490 disturbed the contact of HIF‐1α and RANKL by JAK2/STAT3 pathway, influencing osteoclastogenesis. Our findings suggested that HIF‐1α promoted the expression of RANKL by activating JAK2/STAT3 pathway in MLO‐Y4 cells, and enhanced osteocyte‐mediated osteoclastic differentiation in vitro.
It has been hypothesized that the high metabolic flux in the mitochondria is due to the self‐assembly of enzyme supercomplexes (called metabolons) that channel substrates from one enzyme to another, ...but there has been no experimental confirmation of this structure or the channeling. A structural investigation of enzyme organization within the Krebs cycle metabolon was accomplished by in vivo cross‐linking and mass spectrometry. Eight Krebs cycle enzyme components were isolated upon chemical fixation, and interfacial residues between mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, and aconitase were identified. Using constraint protein docking, a low‐resolution structure for the three‐enzyme complex was achieved, as well as the two‐fold symmetric octamer. Surface analysis showed formation of electrostatic channeling upon protein–protein association, which is the first structural evidence of substrate channeling in the Krebs cycle metabolon.
Enzymes and channels: Part of the structure of the Krebs cycle metabolon was probed by mass spectrometry. Rational protein docking with cross‐link constraints proposed an association of enzymes giving a two‐fold symmetric octamer composed of two mMDH dimers and two ACON monomers bound to one CS dimer as the core. The electrostatic channels formed by enzyme association are favorable for direct transport of intermediates between active sites.
Sodium‐ion batteries capable of operating at rate and temperature extremes are highly desirable, but elusive due to the dynamics and thermodynamics limitations. Herein, a strategy of ...electrode–electrolyte interfacial chemistry modulation is proposed. The commercial hard carbon demonstrates superior rate performance with 212 mAh g−1 at an ultra‐high current density of 5 A g−1 in the electrolyte with weak ion solvation/desolvation, which is much higher than those in common electrolytes (nearly no capacity in carbonate‐based electrolytes). Even at −20 °C, a high capacity of 175 mAh g−1 (74 % of its room‐temperature capacity) can be maintained at 2 A g−1. Such an electrode retains 90 % of its initial capacity after 1000 cycles. As proven, weak ion solvation/desolvation of tetrahydrofuran greatly facilitates fast‐ion diffusion at the SEI/electrolyte interface and homogeneous SEI with well‐distributed NaF and organic components ensures fast Na+ diffusion through the SEI layer and a stable interface.
In a THF‐based electrolyte with a weak solvation structure, Na+ desolvation is fast and a uniform solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) with abundant NaF and organic compounds is generated on the commercial hard carbon anode. This greatly enhances the interface stability and enables the rapid migration of Na+ in the SEI, thus realizing the high rate capability, long‐term stability and good low‐temperature performance for the hard carbon anode.
Objectives
This study was conducted in order to establish and validate a radiomics model for predicting lymph node (LN) metastasis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHC) and to determine its ...prognostic value.
Methods
For this retrospective study, a radiomics model was developed in a primary cohort of 103 IHC patients who underwent curative-intent resection and lymphadenectomy. Radiomics features were extracted from arterial phase computed tomography (CT) scans. A radiomics signature was built based on highly reproducible features using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was adopted to establish a radiomics model incorporating radiomics signature and other independent predictors. Model performance was determined by its discrimination, calibration, and clinical usefulness. The model was internally validated in 52 consecutive patients.
Results
The radiomics signature comprised eight LN-status–related features and showed significant association with LN metastasis in both cohorts (
p
< 0.001). A radiomics nomogram that incorporates radiomics signature and CA 19-9 level showed good calibration and discrimination in the primary cohort (AUC 0.8462) and validation cohort (AUC 0.8921). Promisingly, the radiomics nomogram yielded an AUC of 0.9224 in the CT-reported LN-negative subgroup. Decision curve analysis confirmed the clinical utility of this nomogram. High risk for metastasis portended significantly lower overall and recurrence-free survival than low risk for metastasis (both
p
< 0.001). The radiomics nomogram was an independent preoperative predictor of overall and recurrence-free survival.
Conclusions
Our radiomics model provided a robust diagnostic tool for prediction of LN metastasis, especially in CT-reported LN-negative IHC patients, that may facilitate clinical decision-making.
Key Points
• The radiomics nomogram showed good performance for prediction of LN metastasis in IHC patients, particularly in the CT-reported LN-negative subgroup.
• Prognosis of high-risk patients remains dismal after curative-intent resection.
• The radiomics model may facilitate clinical decision-making and define patient subsets benefiting most from surgery.
Recent efforts and progress in unraveling the fundamental mechanism of excitation energy migration dynamics in upconversion nanomaterials are covered in this review, including short- and long-term ...interactions and other interactions in homogeneous and heterogeneous nanostructures. Comprehension of the role of spatial confinement in excitation energy migration processes is updated. Problems and challenges are also addressed.
Excitation energy migration in a rare earth ions doped upconversion nanoparticle.
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