This paper proposes a simulation algorithm of transition probability function based on logistic distribution. This method mainly models popularity and state transition probability functions by ...acquiring consumers’ music preferences and likes. Through this mathematical model, this paper obtains the best results that are more in line with consumer preference. This paper conducts a simulation experiment by collecting Netease cloud music data. Finally, through the comparison with the empirical data, it is further demonstrated that the algorithm model in this paper has particular practical value.
Abstract
X-ray emission is an important tracer of stellar magnetic activity. We carried out a systematic correlation analysis for the X-ray luminosity
log
L
X
, bolometric luminosity
log
L
bol
, and ...X-ray activity level
log
(
L
X
/
L
bol
) versus the binary parameters including orbital period
P
, Rossby number
R
O
, effective temperature
T
eff
, metallicity Fe/H, the surface gravity
log
g
, stellar mass
M
, and radius
R
, by assembling a large sample of semi-detached (EB-type) binaries with X-ray emission (EBXs). The fact that both
log
L
X
and
log
L
bol
change in accordance with
log
P
indicates that X-ray emission originates from the convection zone, while
log
L
X
is proportional to the convection zone area. We found that EBXs with main-sequence components exhibit an upward and then a downward trend in both the
log
T
eff
–
log
L
X
and
M
–
log
L
X
relations, which is different from the monotonically decreasing trend shown by EBXs containing sub-giant and giant components. The magnetic activity level is negatively correlated with
log
T
eff
and stellar mass. Based on the magnetic dynamo model, the variations in the size and thickness of the surface convection zones can explain the observed relations. EBXs with main-sequence components have a similar
R
O
–
log
(
L
X
/
L
bol
)
relationship to that of the binaries in the clusters as Praesepe and Hyade. We compared the X-ray radiation properties of EBXs with those of the X-ray-emitting contact binaries and found that EBXs have broader value ranges for
log
L
X
and
log
(
L
X
/
L
bol
).
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•SOM was conducted to evaluate the long-term variations of groundwater hydrochemistry.•SOM clustering results reflected the governing factors of groundwater ...hydrochemistry.•HFE-Diagram indicated hydrochemical facies and its evolution imposed by SI.•Groundwater pollution arose from nitrogen fertilizer, excrement, and domestic sewage.
A clear identification of the hydrochemical processes in groundwater systems is critical for the management and protection of alternative water resources. The Dagu River Basin (DRB) has become one of the most concerning areas due to the typical geographical conditions and intensive human disturbance. In this study, the spatio-temporal variations of groundwater hydrochemical characteristics were discriminated based on the self-organizing maps (SOM) clustering results from 2001 to 2017. Simultaneously, their main governing factors were also identified according to the composite properties of hydrogen and oxygen isotopic evidence, hydrochemical facies evolution diagram (HFE-D), chloro-alkaline indices (CAI) values, and the enrichment of nitrogen. Analysis results indicated that the long-term evolution of hydrochemical signatures basically conformed to the trends of rising in the dry season and falling in the rainy season. Total dissolved solids (TDS) fluctuated from 187.90 mg/L to 2294.81 mg/L, with an average of 881.77 mg/L. Moreover, the nitrate concentrations in the river basin varied significantly from 0.70 mg/L to 605.32 mg/L. The unconfined aquifer beneath DRB was experiencing freshening gradually, while some other samples were still subjected to the interference of environmental pollution. Spatio-temporal variations in the respective clusters demonstrated that natural factors including precipitation infiltration, evaporation, and water–rock interactions played vital roles in the samples of Clusters I-III, V, and VIII, while the samples of Cluster VII were influenced by seawater intrusion; and those of Clusters IV and VI were mainly affected by nitrate and nitrite contamination. This study suggests that the SOM connected with stable isotope analysis, HFE-Diagram, CAI values, and correlation analysis could be successfully used to interpret nonlinear and high-dimensional multivariate systems and provide supplementary information about the dominant mechanisms controlling the regional groundwater evolution.
•BYK111 is an effective dispersant to disperse Al2O3 powders in photocurable resin.•The suspension dispersed via BYK111 exhibits colloidal-stable.•The different colloidal state is attributed to ...diverse inter-particle interactions.•The steric repulsion force offered by BYK111 is strong to offset Van der Waals force•BYK111 facilitates good wetting of Al2O3 powders in photocurable resin.
For the UV-curable alumina suspensions used in digital light processing (DLP) stereolithography, optimizing the dispersant type is important for achieving low viscosity, high solid loading, and remarkable self-leveling behavior. However, the inter-particle interactions in UV-curable alumina suspensions dispersed using different dispersants are overlooked. Herein, the effect of inter-particle interactions on rheology, solid loading, and self-leveling behavior of UV-curable alumina suspensions was systematically investigated. Three different commercial dispersants were used: oleic acid (OA), alkane-acrylic phosphate ester (PM1590), and copolymer dispersant (BYK111). After dispersing, BYK111 endowed alumina powders with thicker adsorption polymer layer to provide stronger steric repulsion force and facilitated better wetting of alumina powers in the photocurable resin, resulting in a reduced network structure degree, which decreased the viscosity (1.04 Pa s at 30 s−1); homogeneous packing of alumina powders, which enhanced the maximum solid loading (55 vol%); and inhibition of particle flocculation, which facilitated the spontaneous spreading of suspension.
Mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein （Mlkl） was recently found to interact with receptor interacting protein 3 （Rip3） and to be essential for tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-induced programmed ...necrosis （necroptosis） in cultured cell lines. We have generated Mlkl-deficient mice by transcription activator-like effector nucleases （TALENs）-mediated gene disruption and found Mlkl to be dispensable for normal mouse development as well as immune cell develop- ment. Mlkl-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts （MEFs） and macrophages both showed resistance to necrotic but not apoptotic stimuli. Mlkl-deficient MEFs and macrophages were indistinguishable from wild-type cells in their abil- ity to activate NF-KB, ERK, JNK, and p38 in response to TNF and lipopolysaccharides （LPS）, respectively. Consis- tently, Mlkl-deficient macrophages and mice exhibited normal interleukin-lp （IL-1β）, IL-6, and TNF production after LPS treatment. Mlkl deficiency protects mice from cerulean-induced acute pancreatitis, a necrosis-related disease, but has no effect on polymicrobial septic shock-induced animal death. Our results provide genetic evidence for the role of Mlkl in necroptosis.
A methodology for simulating groundwater flow in three-dimensional (3D) stochastic fracture rocks based on a commonly used finite-difference method is presented in this paper. Different realizations ...of fracture networks are generated by the fracture continuum method (FCM), in which appropriate 3D cuboids are used to describe the geometry of fractures. Then, the effects of different parameter distributions on the fracture networks indicated that the length, orientation, and density of fractures all play significant roles in the connectivity of fractures in this methodology. Greater length and density and wider orientation range of fractures lead to greater connectivity. The proper contrast in hydraulic conductivities between the fractures and matrix is found to be approximately 105 due to the contribution of fluid flow in the matrix which can be ignored. It is shown that the fracture density plays a key role in stabilizing the equivalent hydraulic conductivity (Ke) of the fracture networks. Furthermore, the greater length and closer orientation of fractures to the general flow direction, the larger Ke of the generated fracture networks possess. The findings of this study can help for a better understanding of the mechanism of FCM and the influence of geometry characteristics on the hydraulic conductivity of FCM models.
Abstract
The widely adopted “lamppost” thermal reprocessing model, in which the variable UV/optical emission is a result of the accretion-disk reprocessing of the highly fluctuating X-ray ...emission, can be tested by measuring interband time lags in quasars spanning a range of X-ray power. This work reports the interband time lag in an apparent X-ray-weak quasar, SDSS J153913.47+395423.4. A significant cross correlation with a time delay of ∼33 days (observed frame) is detected in the Zwicky Transient Facility
g
and
r
light curves of SDSS J153913.47+395423.4. The observed X-ray power seems to be too weak to account for the observed interband cross correlation with time delay. Hence the X-ray-weak quasar SDSS J153913.47+395423.4 is either intrinsically X-ray normal (but observationally X-ray weak), or the X-ray emission is not the only mechanism to drive UV/optical variability. In the former case, the required X-ray power is at least 19 times stronger than observed, which requires either an exceptionally anisotropic corona or Compton-thick obscuration. Alternatively, the corona-heated accretion-disk reprocessing or the EUV torus models may account for the observed time lags.
Excessive activation of the coagulation system leads to life-threatening disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Here, we examined the mechanisms underlying the activation of coagulation by ...lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the major cell-wall component of Gram-negative bacteria. We found that caspase-11, a cytosolic LPS receptor, activated the coagulation cascade. Caspase-11 enhanced the activation of tissue factor (TF), an initiator of coagulation, through triggering the formation of gasdermin D (GSDMD) pores and subsequent phosphatidylserine exposure, in a manner independent of cell death. GSDMD pores mediated calcium influx, which induced phosphatidylserine exposure through transmembrane protein 16F, a calcium-dependent phospholipid scramblase. Deletion of Casp11, ablation of Gsdmd, or neutralization of phosphatidylserine or TF prevented LPS-induced DIC. In septic patients, plasma concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1α and IL-1β, biomarkers of GSDMD activation, correlated with phosphatidylserine exposure in peripheral leukocytes and DIC scores. Our findings mechanistically link immune recognition of LPS to coagulation, with implications for the treatment of DIC.
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•Deletion of caspase-11 prevents disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in sepsis•Deletion of GSDMD prevents caspase-11- and TF-mediated DIC in endotoxemia•GSDMD deficiency inhibits endotoxin-induced TF activation by reducing PS exposure•Activation of GSDMD by caspase-11 triggers Ca2+-dependent PS exposure through TMEM16F
Excessive activation of the coagulation system by endotoxin leads to life-threatening disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Yang, Cheng et al. reveal that caspase-11, a cytosolic LPS receptor, activates the coagulation cascade by enhancing the activation of tissue factor, an initiator of coagulation, through triggering the formation of gasdermin (GASMD) pores and subsequent phosphatidylserine exposure, in a manner independent of cell death.
Spectrally pure lasers, the heart of precision high-end scientific and commercial applications, are poised to make the leap from the laboratory to integrated circuits. Translating this performance to ...integrated photonics will dramatically reduce cost and footprint for applications such as ultrahigh capacity fibre and data centre networks, atomic clocks and sensing. Despite the numerous applications, integrated lasers currently suffer from large linewidth. Brillouin lasers, with their unique properties, offer an intriguing solution, yet bringing their performance to integrated platforms has remained elusive. Here, we demonstrate a sub-hertz (~0.7 Hz) fundamental linewidth Brillouin laser in an integrated Si3N4 waveguide platform that translates advantages of non-integrated designs to the chip scale. This silicon-foundry-compatible design supports low loss from 405 to 2,350 nm and can be integrated with other components. Single- and multiple-frequency output operation provides a versatile low phase-noise solution. We highlight this by demonstrating an optical gyroscope and a low-phase-noise photonic oscillator.
The construction of metallosupramolecular complexes toward interesting topological structures is a critical challenge for chemists. The fluctuation in the synthetic strategy, by keeping the same ...metal–ligand combination, has proved a very significant approach to construct metallosupramolecular architectures. Herein, by varying the reaction conditions four new DyIII-supramolecular complexes based on a flexible dihydrazone ligand H2L (H2L = bis(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)adipohydrazide) in cooperation with different anions and solvents having formulas Dy4L4(μ2-N3)2(NO3)2·6CH3OH·2H2O (1), Dy8L8(μ2-CH3OH)4Cl8·6CH3OH·14H2O (2), Dy12L12(μ2-OH)2(OH)6(CH3O)2(NO3)2·2CH3OH·14H2O (3), and Dy12L12(μ2-OH)2(NO3)2(OH)3(CH3O)(NO3)4·22H2O (4), have been successfully synthesized and their crystal structures confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The structural study reveals that 1 and 2 have quadruple-stranded helicate and dual triple-stranded helicate supramolecular structures, respectively, while 3 and 4 display “octahedron” cagelike supramolecular structures. The magnetic studies reveal that complexes 1–3 exhibit slow magnetic relaxation behavior, while complex 4 displays a series of typical frequency-dependent relaxation signals at 0 Oe applied dc field which is a rare case in polynuclear 4f single-molecule magnet (SMM) family to date. Interestingly, the distinct magnetic dynamic behavior was noticed for nearly isoskeletal complexes 3 and 4, which can be attributed to the modification of the coordination environment around DyIII ions.
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