Human serum albumin (HSA) regulates the transport and availability of numerous chemical compounds and molecules in the blood vascular system. While previous HSA research has found that HSA interacts ...with specific varieties of ligands, new research efforts aim to expand HSA's ability to interact with more different drugs in order to improve the delivery of various pharmacological drugs. This review will cover fatty acid chain and posttranslational modifications of HSA that potentially modulate how HSA interacts with various pharmacological drugs, including glycation, cysteinylation, S-nitrosylation, S-transnitrosation and S-guanylation.
A large number of waxy maize landraces are distributed in Yunnan and surrounding areas, and abundant
waxy
alleles of different types are distributed in these landraces. The identification of
waxy
...alleles is helpful to the protection and utilization of these waxy landraces. This study introduced structure characteristics of
waxy
genes from two specific landraces of Yunnan, Zinuoyumi and Myanmar Four-Row Wax. Zinuoyumi has two
waxy
alleles
wx-Cin4
and
wx-Cin4-2
; Myanmar Four-Row Wax has three
waxy
alleles
wx-D10
,
wx-Reina
and
wx-D11
. The
wx-Cin4-2
and
wx-D11
are two types of
waxy
alleles first reported in this study. The
wx-Cin4-2
has two mutation sites, deletion of 30 bp in exon 10, insertion of a 1,267 bp non-long terminal repeat (non-LTR) retrotransposon
Cin4
in intron 10, and 13 bp extra sequence were found at 5’ end of the
Cin4
; the mutation site of
wx-D11
is a 1,082 bp deletion from exons 11 to 14 of the
waxy
gene and is replaced with a 72 bp filler sequence. This study enriched the type of
waxy
allele from Yunnan waxy maize landraces and further discussed the molecular basis for the formation of mutation sites of
wx-Cin4-2
and
wx-D11
.
Effective healing of skin wounds is essential for our survival. Although skin has strong regenerative potential, dysfunctional and disfiguring scars can result from aberrant wound repair. Skin ...scarring involves excessive deposition and misalignment of ECM (extracellular matrix), increased cellularity, and chronic inflammation. Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signaling exerts pleiotropic effects on wound healing by regulating cell proliferation, migration, ECM production, and the immune response. Although blocking TGFβ signaling can reduce tissue fibrosis and scarring, systemic inhibition of TGFβ can lead to significant side effects and inhibit wound re-epithelization. In this study, we develop a wound dressing material based on an integrated photo-crosslinking strategy and a microcapsule platform with pulsatile release of TGF-β inhibitor to achieve spatiotemporal specificity for skin wounds. The material enhances skin wound closure while effectively suppressing scar formation in murine skin wounds and large animal preclinical models. Our study presents a strategy for scarless wound repair.
An accurate extraction of physiological and physical signals from human skin is crucial for health monitoring, disease prevention, and treatment. Recent advances in wearable bioelectronics directly ...embedded to the epidermal surface are a promising solution for future epidermal sensing. However, the existing wearable bioelectronics are susceptible to motion artifacts as they lack proper adhesion and conformal interfacing with the skin during motion. Here, we present ultra-conformal, customizable, and deformable drawn-on-skin electronics, which is robust to motion due to strong adhesion and ultra-conformality of the electronic inks drawn directly on skin. Electronic inks, including conductors, semiconductors, and dielectrics, are drawn on-demand in a freeform manner to develop devices, such as transistors, strain sensors, temperature sensors, heaters, skin hydration sensors, and electrophysiological sensors. Electrophysiological signal monitoring during motion shows drawn-on-skin electronics' immunity to motion artifacts. Additionally, electrical stimulation based on drawn-on-skin electronics demonstrates accelerated healing of skin wounds.
The dynamics of different cytoskeletal networks are coordinated to bring about many fundamental cellular processes, from neuronal pathfinding to cell division. Increasing evidence points to the ...importance of spectraplakins in integrating cytoskeletal networks. Spectraplakins are evolutionarily conserved giant cytoskeletal cross-linkers, which belong to the spectrin superfamily. Their genes consist of multiple promoters and many exons, yielding a vast array of differential splice forms with distinct functions. Spectraplakins are also unique in their ability to associate with all three elements of the cytoskeleton: F-actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments. Recent studies have begun to unveil their role in a wide range of processes, from cell migration to tissue integrity.
We obtained a 3‐D crustal radial anisotropy model beneath northeastern (NE) Tibet by joint inversion of Rayleigh and Love dispersion curves from ambient noise tomography. Positive crustal radial ...anisotropy and significant low velocity are dominant beneath the Songpan‐Ganzi Terrane (SGT), indicating the presence of crustal channel flow. The Qilian orogen is characterized by negative radial anisotropy, which could be caused by folding and thrusting due to crustal shortening. This difference in radial anisotropy suggests that crustal shortening deformation may have occurred at a relatively early stage of the plateau evolution (the Qilian orogen) and crustal channel flow at the later stage (the SGT). The crustal radial anisotropy clearly defines the NE crustal boundary of the expanding Tibetan Plateau, which is roughly situated along the north Qilian frontal thrust from 97° to 103.5°E in the north and turns north‐south, passing the Zhuanglanghe Fault and terminating at the Kunlun Fault in the south.
Plain Language Summary
How did Tibetan Plateau uplift has been controversial for decades. The growing process of the plateau could be recorded by the crustal deformation, especially in its northeastern (NE) margin. The discrepancies between the horizontally and vertically polarized shear waves, named radial anisotropy, give important constrain on crustal deformation at depth. We presented a high‐resolution 3‐D model of crustal S‐wave velocity and radial anisotropy in the NE Tibetan Plateau using ambient noise tomography. We found distinct crustal deformation mechanisms for the Songpan‐Ganzi Terrane (SGT) and Qilian Shan, respectively, which are related to different growth stages of NE Tibet. The crustal horizontal shortening and vertical thickening may take place beneath the Qilian Shan, which may represent a relatively early stage of the plateau growth, and the crustal channel flow plays a dominant role in the crustal deformation in the SGT, which is in the later stage of plateau evolution. A clear anisotropy polarity reversal boundary between the Qilian Shan and the Alax block delineates the current crustal expansion frontier of NE Tibet.
Key Points
We construct a high‐resolution radial anisotropic velocity model for northeastern (NE) Tibet and its surroundings
Different crustal radial anisotropy in Qilian orogen and Songpan‐Ganzi Terrane indicate different stages of crustal deformation in NE Tibet
The distribution of crustal radial anisotropy clearly defines the NE crustal boundary of the expanding portion of Tibet
We obtain three‐dimensional models of crustal shear‐wave velocity and radial anisotropy in the Bohai Bay basin (BBB), revealing distinct radial anisotropy patterns. The western region of the basin ...exhibits pronounced positive crustal radial anisotropies, attributed to upper mantle convection driven by the subduction of the Pacific plate during the early Tertiary. Conversely, the eastern region of the basin demonstrates weak to negative radial anisotropies, indicating a compression shear rupture system influenced by the far‐field India‐Eurasian collision during the Neogene‐Quaternary. These differences suggest that the formation of the BBB is associated with the dynamic transition from Pacific subduction to India‐Eurasian collision during the Cenozoic. Moreover, the Luxi uplift, with its stable upper‐middle crustal structures, acts as a barrier hindering the eastward extension of the BBB.
Plain Language Summary
As the largest Meso‐Cenozoic basin in Eastern China, the Bohai Bay basin (BBB) is an ideal site for studying basin evolution. However, the tectonic processes within the basin during the Cenozoic remain largely enigmatic. Seismic radial anisotropy, indicative of subhorizontal layering and/or shearing during crustal/lithospheric accretion, can offer valuable insights into Earth's dynamic processes. In this study, we use a direct inversion method called DRadiSurfTomo to create high‐resolution three‐dimensional models of shear‐wave velocity and radial anisotropy in the BBB. Our findings indicate that current crustal radial anisotropy patterns in the basin reflect multiple dynamic stages since the Cenozoic. The strong positive radial anisotropy observed in the western BBB is primarily due to the subduction of the Pacific plate, whereas the weak radial anisotropy in the eastern BBB is mainly influenced by tension‐shear forces resulting from the India‐Eurasian collision. We also infer that the high shear‐wave velocity and negative radial anisotropy in the upper‐middle crust of the Luxi uplift are likely induced by rigid metamorphic rocks, hindering the basin's eastward expansion.
Key Points
Low velocity anomalies observed in the mid‐to lower crust of the Bohai Sea is attributed to the presence of felsic materials
The Cenozoic evolution of Bohai Bay basin (BBB) is related to the tectonic transition from Pacific subduction to India‐Eurasian collision
Luxi uplift acts as an obstruction, impeding the extension of the upper‐middle crust in the BBB
Immunohistochemistry indicators are increasingly being used to predict the survival prognosis of cancer patients after surgery. This study aimed to combine some markers to establish an ...immunohistochemical score (MSI-P53-Ki-67MPK) and stratify postoperative patients with gastric cancer according to the score.
We used 245 patients who underwent surgery at one center as the training cohort and 111 patients from another center as the validation cohort. All patients were treated between January 2012 and June 2018. The training cohort was screened for prognostic factors, and MPK scores were established using univariate and multifactorial COX risk proportional models. Patients were prognostically stratified according to the MPK score after gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates were compared among low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups using the Kaplan-Meier method, and survival curves were plotted. Finally, the MPK score was validated using the validation cohort.
In the training group, there were statistically significant differences in OS and RFS in the low, medium, and high-risk groups (P < 0.001). Thirty patients were in the high-risk group (12.2%). The median survival times of the three groups were 64.0, 44.0, and 23.0, respectively, and median times to recurrence were 54.0, 35.0, and 16.0 months, respectively. In the validation group, the prognosis in the three risk groups remained significantly different (P < 0.001).
The novel MPK score could effectively predict the postoperative OS and RFS of gastric cancer patients, risk-stratify postoperative patients, and identify postoperative high-risk patients for refined management.
We present a novel eikonal tomography approach using physics‐informed neural networks (PINNs) for Rayleigh wave phase velocities based on the eikonal equation. The PINN eikonal tomography (pinnET) ...neural network utilizes deep neural networks as universal function approximators and extracts traveltimes and velocities of the medium during the optimization process. Whereas classical eikonal tomography uses a generic non‐physics based interpolation and regularization step to reconstruct traveltime surfaces, optimizing the network parameters in pinnET means solving a physics constrained traveltime surface reconstruction inversion tackling measurement noise and satisfying physics. We demonstrate this approach by applying it to 25 s surface wave data from ChinArray II sampling the northeastern Tibetan plateau. We validate our results by comparing them to results from conventional eikonal tomography in the same area and find good agreement.
Plain Language Summary
Eikonal tomography is an efficient approach to resolve velocity structure from surface wave data. Classical ambient noise eikonal tomography constrains the local phase velocity with all station pairs and uses a generic interpolation to reconstruct traveltime surfaces. Here we implement physics‐informed neural networks for eikonal tomography. Unlike traditional neural networks that only rely on a large volume of data that is agnostic to physical laws, physics‐informed neural network eikonal tomography (pinnET) can combine the data‐driven model and theory‐based model, which includes eikonal equation and boundary conditions as physical constrains on the system. We apply this pinnET to northeastern Tibetan plateau and our Rayleigh wave phase velocity results are quite similar with other established methods but use much less data.
Key Points
We present a method for eikonal tomography with physics‐informed neural networks
We apply it to a dense seismic array in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau with good validation compared with traditional approaches
Traveltime reconstruction inversion mitigates traveltime measurement error and the number of traveltime sets can be significantly reduced
Seismic signals are nonstationary mainly due to absorption and attenuation of seismic energy in strata. Referring to spectral decomposition of seismic data, the conventional method using short-time ...Fourier transform (STFT) limits temporal and spectral resolution by a predefined window length. Continuous-wavelet transform (CWT) uses dilation and translation of a wavelet to produce a time-scale map. However, the wavelets utilized should be orthogonal in order to obtain a satisfactory resolution. The less applied, Wigner–Ville distribution (WVD) being superior in energy distribution concentration, is confronted with cross-terms interference (CTI) when signals are multi-component. In order to reduce the impact of CTI, Cohen class uses kernel function as low-pass filter. Nevertheless it also weakens energy concentration of auto-terms. In this paper, we employ smoothed pseudo Wigner–Ville distribution (SPWVD) with Gauss kernel function to reduce CTI in time and frequency domain, then reassign values of SPWVD (called reassigned SPWVD) according to the center of gravity of the considering energy region so that distribution concentration is maintained simultaneously.
We conduct the method above on a multi-component synthetic seismic record and compare with STFT and CWT spectra. Two field examples reveal that RSPWVD potentially can be applied to detect low-frequency shadows caused by hydrocarbons and to delineate the space distribution of abnormal geological body more precisely.
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