An efficient approach using a photocatalytic strategy for C−H perfluoroalkylation of quinoxalinones under aerobic oxidation condition has been developed. Such transformation employs readily available ...sodium perfluoroalkanesulfinates as perfluoroalkylation reagents and demonstrates good functional group compatibility, affording corresponding products in moderate to good yields. Compared with previous procedures, this protocol uses oxygen as oxidant, and avoids the use of external additive. A radical mechanism is involved in this perfluoroalkylation reaction.
Herein, a general and practical temperature-controlled approach for the divergent synthesis of pyrazoles and 1-tosyl-1H-pyrazoles via electrophilic cyclization in the absence of transition-metal ...catalysts and oxidants was developed. The desired products were obtained in moderate to excellent yields from common starting materials in both ionic liquids and ethanol by simply tuning the reaction temperature. This strategy employs easily synthesized substrates, mild reaction conditions, and excellent functional-group tolerance.
A regioselective green approach for the nickel(II)-catalyzed C–N cross-coupling between arylamines and pyrazoles through a photoredox process is reported. Moderate to good yield was observed for ...this reaction, performed in water under air at room temperature. This strategy provides a powerful tool for the green synthesis of pyrazole-containing bioactive molecules. In addition, a single-electron-transfer mechanism is proposed in this report.
This study aimed to develop and validate a predictive model based on S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) as the core of epilepsy secondary to cerebral infarction. ...For this aim, 156 cases of cerebral infarction from June 2018 to December 2019 were selected. According to the ratio of 7:3, 109 cases were used for training and 47 cases were used for validation. The factors influencing cerebral infarction secondary to epilepsy were analyzed by a univariate analysis comparing the general data of the two groups and binary logistic regression, and the prediction model was established and validated. Results showed that there was no statistically significant comparison of general information between the training and validation groups (p>0.05). The comparison of NIHSS score, lesion location, lesion size, infarct staging, involved arterial system, large infarct, NSE, and S100B levels between the two groups was significant (P<0.05). The difference between the two groups will be secondary epilepsy= 1, non-epilepsy=0 as dependent variables and factors with significant differences in the univariate analysis as covariates for logistic regression analysis showed that NIHSS score > 15, cortical lesion, lesion size ≥ 5cm, carotid circulation involvement, large infarct, S100B, NSE were risk factors for secondary epilepsy in cerebral infarction. In conclusion, serum S100B and NSE levels were abnormally elevated in patients with epilepsy secondary to cerebral infarction, NIHSS score > 15, cortical lesions, lesion size ≥ 5 cm, carotid circulation involvement, large infarct, S100B and NSE are risk factors for epilepsy secondary to cerebral infarction, and the AUC area of S100B and NSE is large, based on S100B and NSE as The prediction model based on S100B and NSE has good predictive value.
Herein we report an annulation of phenylhydrazone via a tandem nitrification, reduction, cyclization protocol employing cobalt nitrate and 1,2‐dichloroethane to produce substituted ...1H‐1,2,4‐triazoles. Notably, 1,2‐dichloroethane serves both the solvent and a hydrogen source for transfer hydrogenation. This methodology works under mild conditions, providing a direct approach for the synthesis of 1H‐1,2,4‐triazoles.
The areca palm (
L.) is one of the most economically important palm trees in tropical areas. To inform areca breeding programs, it is critical to characterize the genetic bases of the mechanisms that ...regulate areca fruit shape and to identify candidate genes related to fruit-shape traits. However, few previous studies have mined candidate genes associated with areca fruit shape. Here, the fruits produced by 137 areca germplasms were divided into three categories (spherical, oval, and columnar) based on the fruit shape index. A total of 45,094 high-quality single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified across the 137 areca cultivars. Phylogenetic analysis clustered the areca cultivars into four subgroups. A genome-wide association study that used a mixed linear model identified the 200 loci that were the most significantly associated with fruit-shape traits in the germplasms. In addition, 86 candidate genes associated with areca fruit-shape traits were further mined. Among the proteins encoded by these candidate genes were UDP-glucosyltransferase 85A2, the ABA-responsive element binding factor GBF4, E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase SIAH1, and LRR receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase ERECTA. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that the gene that encoded UDP-glycosyltransferase,
, was significantly upregulated in columnar fruits as compared to spherical and oval fruits. The identification of molecular markers that are closely related to fruit-shape traits not only provides genetic data for areca breeding, but it also provides new insights into the shape formation mechanisms of drupes.
A novel pH-responsive probe based on an imidazo1,2-aindole fluorophore architecture is reported. The probe was highly selective to strongly acidic pH (p
K
a
= 3.56) with high sensitivity and a fast ...response time (within 30 s). The probe did not demonstrate any fluorescence changes in the presence of interfering metal ions, and it featured excellent reversibility under strongly acidic conditions. The mechanism of detection of the probe was determined to be based on intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) at different pH. The probe was also able to be used for imaging for detecting acidic pH in
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
.
A Co(NO3)2 method to promote cyclization of benzoyl hydrazone for the formation of 2,5-diphenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazoles has been developed. The reaction proceeded smoothly and was promoted by Co(NO3)2 ...under air at 110 °C in DCE; 16 examples of products were obtained.
Potato is one of the world's most important food crops, with a time-consuming breeding process. In this study, we performed a genome-wide association (GWAS) analysis of the two important traits of ...potato tuber shape and eye depth, using the tetraploid potato genome (2n=4x=48) as a reference. A total of 370 potatoes were divided into three subgroups based on the principal component analysis and evolutionary tree analysis. The genetic diversity within subgroups is low (5.18×10
, 4.36×10
and 4.24×10
). Genome-wide linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis showed that their LD is about 60 Kb. GWAS analysis identified that 146 significant single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci at Chr01A1:34.44-35.25 Mb and Chr02A1:28.35-28.54 Mb regions are significantly associated with potato tuber shape, and that three candidate genes that might be related to potato tuber traits,
transcription factor,
and
DNA-binding domain, are in the association region of Chr02A1. GWAS analysis identified 53 significant SNP loci at Chr05A2: 49.644-50.146 Mb and Chr06A2: 25.866-26.384 Mb regions with robust associations with potato tuber eye depth. Hydrolase and methyltransferases are present in the association region of Chr05A2, and three CYPs are present in the association region of Chr06A2. Our findings suggested that these genes are closely associated with potato tuber shape and eye depth. Our study identified molecular markers and candidate genes for improving tetraploid potato tuber shape and eye depth and provided ideas and insights for tetraploid potato breeding.
