CdS@MoS
2
nanocomposites (NCs) were successfully prepared through a simple hydrothermal reaction. The morphology and structure of MoS
2
nanoflowers on CdS nanorods could be regulated by the change of ...the mass percentage of MoS
2
. The adsorption efficiency and photocatalytic activity of CdS@MoS
2
NCs were investigated by the adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine 6G. Interestingly, with the increase of MoS
2
ratio in the NCs, the adsorption effect of CdS@MoS
2
NCs increased significantly. These CdS@MoS
2
NCs showed a strong ability to process Rhodamine 6G, and could deal with up to 95% Rhodamine 6G within 1 h.
Graphical abstract
CdS@MoS
2
nanocomposites with tunable shape were synthesized through a hydrothermal method and possess high performance in the removal of Rhodamine 6G
The discovery and design of versatile high-entropy electrolytes are instrumental in enabling advanced aqueous energy storage devices. Precisely regulating the intermolecular forces of anion-cation, ...ion-dipole and dipole-dipole, which enhance the microscopic disorder of electrolytes, is the core of high-entropy aqueous electrolyte research. In this perspective, the progress in reshaping the electrolyte structure and constructing high-entropy aqueous electrolytes via additional salt or/and solvent engineering is briefly outlined. Further, the next chapter of high-entropy aqueous electrolyte design and optimization is proposed to provide guidance for the development of future high-performing and multi-functional aqueous batteries.
Identifying new and economical means to utilize diverse lignocellulosic biomass is an urgent task.
Ganoderma lucidum
is a well-known edible and medicinal basidiomycete with an excellent ability to ...degrade a wide range of cellulosic biomass, and its nutrient use efficiency is closely related to the activity of extracellular cellulase. Intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD
+
) biosynthesis is controlled in response to nutritional status, and NAD
+
is an essential metabolite involved in diverse cellular processes. Nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase (NMNAT) is a common enzyme in three NAD
+
synthesis pathways. In this study, a homologous gene of
nmnat
was cloned from
G. lucidum
and two
G. lucidum
overexpression strains, OE::nmnat4 and OE::nmnat19, were constructed using an
Agrobacterium tumefaciens
-mediated transformation method. The
G. lucidum nmnat
overexpression strains showed obviously increased colony growth on different carbon sources, and intracellular Ca
2+
concentrations in the
G. lucidum
OE::nmnat4 and OE::nmnat19 strains were increased by 2.04- and 2.30-fold, respectively, compared with those in the wild-type (WT) strains. In the
G. lucidum
OE::nmnat4 and OE::nmnat19 strains, endo-
β
-glucanase (CMCase) activity increased by approximately 2.8- and 3-fold, while
β
-glucosidase (
p
NPGase) activity increased by approximately 1.9- and 2.1-fold, respectively, compared with the activity in the WT strains. Furthermore, overexpression of NAD
+
synthesis pathways was found to elicit cellulase production by increasing the intracellular Ca
2+
concentration. In summary, this study is the first to demonstrate that increased intracellular NAD
+
contents through overexpression of the
nmnat
gene of NAD
+
synthesis pathways may increase cellulase production by increasing intracellular Ca
2+
concentrations in
G. lucidum
.
Key points
• The concentration of NAD
+
influences cellulase production in G. lucidum.
• The concentration of NAD
+
influences the intracellular Ca
2+
concentration in G. lucidum.
• The concentration of NAD
+
influences cellulase production by eliciting a change in intracellular Ca
2+
in G. lucidum.
Putrescine (Put) has been shown to play an important regulatory role in cell growth in organisms. As the primary center regulating the homeostasis of polyamine (PA) content, ornithine decarboxylase ...antizyme (AZ) can regulate PA content through feedback. Nevertheless, the regulatory mechanism of Put is poorly understood in fungi. Here, our analysis showed that GlAZ had a modulate effect on intracellular Put content by interacting with ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) proteins and reducing its intracellular protein levels. In addition, GlAZ upregulated the metabolic pathway of ganoderic acid (GA) biosynthesis in Ganoderma lucidum by modulating the intracellular Put content. However, a target of rapamycin (TOR) was found to promote the accumulation of intracellular Put after the GlTOR inhibitor Rap was added exogenously, and unbiased analyses demonstrated that GlTOR may promote Put production through its inhibitory effect on the level of GlAZ protein in
-cosilenced strains. The effect of TOR on fungal secondary metabolism was further explored, and the content of GA in the
-silenced strain after the exogenous addition of the inhibitor Rap was significantly increased compared with that in the untreated wild-type (WT) strain. Silencing of TOR in the
-silenced strains caused an increase in GA content, which returned to the WT state after replenishing Put. Moreover, the content of GA in
-cosilenced strains was also not different from that in the WT strain. Consequently, these results strongly indicate that GlTOR affects
GA biosynthesis via GlAZ.
Research on antizyme (AZ) in fungi has focused on the mechanism by which AZ inhibits ornithine decarboxylase (ODC). Moreover, there are existing reports on the regulation of AZ protein translation by TOR. However, little is known about the mechanisms that influence AZ in fungal secondary metabolism. Here, both intracellular Put content and GA biosynthesis in
were shown to be regulated through protein interactions between GlAZ and GlODC. Furthermore, exploration of upstream regulators of GlAZ suggested that GlAZ was regulated by the upstream protein GlTOR, which affected intracellular Put levels and ganoderic acid (GA) biosynthesis. The results of our work contribute to the understanding of the upstream regulation of Put and provide new insights into PA regulatory systems and secondary metabolism in fungi.
•Rare earth incorporated electrodes for electrochemical energy storage are reviewed.•Rare earth incorporation enhances the electrode performance in different ways.•Rare earth-based electrodes have ...exceptionally high volumetric energy density.•Cerium redox is promising in future energy storage.
Rare earth is a group of elements with unique properties. Discovering the application of rare earth elements in advanced energy storage field is a great chance to relate rare earth chemistry with the energy storage technology. This review presents current research on electrode material incorporated with rare earth elements in advanced energy storage systems such as Li/Na ion battery, Li-sulfur battery, supercapacitor, rechargeable Ni/Zn battery, and cerium based redox flow battery. Furthermore, we discuss the feasibility and possible application of rare earth elements in future energy storage research.
Doping with heteroatoms is being used as an effective way to change electronic structure of electrode materials for advanced storage systems. Herein, β-MnO2 and rare earth (cerium) doped MnO2 cathode ...materials have been successfully prepared for aqueous zinc ion batteries. Cerium doping induced structural transformation of MnO2 from β- to α-phase, along with the evident improvement of conductivity, stability, and reversibility. Compared to the undoped β-MnO2, the doping cathode possessed excellent cycling stability at a high rate of 5 C and higher rate capability. Cyclic voltammetry curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, galvanostatic intermittent titration technique, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy measurements demonstrated that cerium doping caused fast Zn2+ diffusion and excellent electrochemical stability.
The instability of sulfide solid electrolytes to Li anode and high‐voltage LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811) cathodes limits the cyclic performance of all‐solid‐state lithium battery (ASSLB). Herein, the ...stability of Li6PS5Cl against Li anode is enhanced by mixing a small amount (0.32 wt%) of CuF2‐LiNO3 (CL) into Li6PS5Cl electrolyte layer to in‐situ form a mixed‐conductive‐lithiophobic and self‐healing LiF‐Li3N‐Cu solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) at Li6PS5Cl‐CL/Li interface. The critical current density (CCD) of Li6PS5Cl‐CuF2‐LiNO3 increases to 1.4 mA cm–2/1.4 mAh cm–2 at room temperature, which is much higher than that of pristine Li6PS5Cl (0.4 mA cm–2/0.4 mAh cm–2) even though mixing 0.32 wt% CL into Li6PS5Cl slightly reduces the ionic conductivity from 2.9 × 10–3 to 1.5 × 10–3 S cm–1. The compatibility of Li6PS5Cl‐CL electrolyte to single‐crystalline NMC811 (S‐NMC811) is further enhanced by adding a small amount (0.02 wt%) of AlF3 into Li6PS5Cl‐CL forming Li6PS5Cl‐CuF2‐LiNO3‐AlF3 (Li6PS5Cl‐CLA) as a cathode electrolyte and by doing Cl– on S‐NMC811 (Cl@S‐NMC811) surface. The Cl@S‐NMC811‐Li6PS5Cl‐CLA|Li6PS5Cl‐CL|Li cells with areal capacity of 2.55 mAh cm‐2 achieve a capacity retention of 69.4% after 100 cycles at 1C (1C = 200 mAh g‐1). Adding a small amount of SEI and cathode/electrolyte interphase (CEI) former into the sulfide electrolytes with minimal reduction (48.3%) of ionic conductivity is an effective method to enhance the performance of ASSLB.
A mix‐conductive lithiophobic and self‐healing Li6PS5Cl/Li interphase is in‐situ formed by reduction of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) former CuF2‐LiNO3 on Li6PS5Cl surface. Similarly, high stable NMC811/Li6PS5Cl interphase is achieved by cathode/electrolyte interphase (CEI) former CuF2‐LiNO3‐AlF3 and Cl– doping on the surface of NMC811. The resultant Cl@S‐NMC811‐Li6PS5Cl‐CuF2‐LiNO3‐AlF3|Li6PS5Cl‐CuF2‐LiNO3|Li cell with areal capacity of 2.55 mAh cm–2 achieves a capacity retention of 69.4% after 100 cycles at 1C.
Wireless virtual reality networks(WVRNs) provide seamless connectivity between virtual reality devices with colossal application and commercial value. However, the main problem restricting its ...development is the high energy and computational consumption in 3D video rendering on VR devices. To address this issue, we propose a novel coordinated multi-point (CoMP) and reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) assisted system, where the video is rendered by multiple collaborative mobile edge computing (MEC) servers simultaneously. Besides, BSs associated with these MEC servers are formed as a CoMP cluster to achieve a high data rate. This paper aims to minimize long-term power consumption by jointly optimizing the video caching and rendering at the MEC servers and the beamforming for both BSs and RIS. We propose an online, hybrid learning framework that combines deep reinforcement learning (DRL) for video caching and rendering, and an alternating optimization for the beamforming of all BSs and the RIS. In particular, the reward of each action in the DRL algorithm is calculated by the proposed alternating optimization problem, thus reducing the action space and accelerating convergence speed. Numerical results and comparison experiments show that our proposed method can effectively reduce the long-term average power consumption of the system, satisfy the requirement of 3D video transmission with low computational complexity, and outperform that without CoMP and RIS techniques.
Owing to the unique electronic properties, rare‐earth modulations in noble‐metal electrocatalysts emerge as a critical strategy for a broad range of renewable energy solutions such as water‐splitting ...and metal–air batteries. Beyond the typical doping strategy that suffers from synthesis difficulties and concentration limitations, the innovative introduction of rare‐earth is highly desired. Herein, a novel synthesis strategy is presented by introducing CeO2 support for the nickel–iron–chromium hydroxide (NFC) to boost the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance, which achieves an ultralow overpotential at 10 mA cm−2 of 230.8 mV, the Tafel slope of 32.7 mV dec−1, as well as the excellent durability in alkaline solution. Density functional theory calculations prove the established d–f electronic ladders, by the interaction between NFC and CeO2, evidently boosts the high‐speed electron transfer. Meanwhile, the stable valence state in CeO2 preserves the high electronic reactivity for OER. This work demonstrates a promising approach in fabricating a nonprecious OER electrocatalyst with the facilitation of rare‐earth oxides to reach both excellent activity and high stability.
A novel and highly efficient hybrid electrocatalyst is synthesized by NiFeCr hydroxide deposited on a porous peapod‐like Cu@CeO2 nanotube array. The introduction of CeO2 supplies abundant d–f orbital ladders to construct a highly efficient electron transfer expressway, leading to superior alkaline oxygen evolution reaction performance.
Single‐crystalline cathode materials have attracted intensive interest in offering greater capacity retention than their polycrystalline counterparts by reducing material surfaces and phase ...boundaries. However, the single‐crystalline LiCoO2 suffers severe structural instability and capacity fading when charged to high voltages (4.6 V) due to Co element dissolution and O loss, crack formation, and subsequent electrolyte penetration. Herein, by forming a robust cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) in an all‐fluorinated electrolyte, reversible planar gliding along the (003) plane in a single‐crystalline LiCoO2 cathode is protected due to the prevention of element dissolution and electrolyte penetration. The robust CEI effectively controls the performance fading issue of the single‐crystalline cathode at a high operating voltage of 4.6 V, providing new insights for improved electrolyte design of high‐energy‐density battery cathode materials.
Single‐crystalline cathode materials have attracted intensive interest. However, the single‐crystalline LiCoO2 suffers severe structural instability and capacity fading when charged to high voltages (4.6 V vs Li/Li+) due to Co and O element dissolution, crack formation, and electrolyte penetration. In this work, the above problems are inhibited by forming a robust cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) on the surface of LiCoO2.
