In the early stages of the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Hubei, China, the local health-care system was overwhelmed. Physicians and nurses who had no infectious disease expertise ...were recruited to provide care to patients with COVID-19. To our knowledge, no studies on their experiences of combating COVID-19 have been published. We aimed to describe the experiences of these health-care providers in the early stages of the outbreak.
We did a qualitative study using an empirical phenomenological approach. Nurses and physicians were recruited from five COVID-19-designated hospitals in Hubei province using purposive and snowball sampling. They participated in semi-structured, in-depth interviews by telephone from Feb 10 to Feb 15, 2020. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using Haase's adaptation of Colaizzi's phenomenological method.
We recruited nine nurses and four physicians. Three theme categories emerged from data analysis. The first was “being fully responsible for patients' wellbeing—‘this is my duty’”. Health-care providers volunteered and tried their best to provide care for patients. Nurses had a crucial role in providing intensive care and assisting with activities of daily living. The second category was “challenges of working on COVID-19 wards”. Health-care providers were challenged by working in a totally new context, exhaustion due to heavy workloads and protective gear, the fear of becoming infected and infecting others, feeling powerless to handle patients' conditions, and managing relationships in this stressful situation. The third category was “resilience amid challenges”. Health-care providers identified many sources of social support and used self-management strategies to cope with the situation. They also achieved transcendence from this unique experience.
The intensive work drained health-care providers physically and emotionally. Health-care providers showed their resilience and the spirit of professional dedication to overcome difficulties. Comprehensive support should be provided to safeguard the wellbeing of health-care providers. Regular and intensive training for all health-care providers is necessary to promote preparedness and efficacy in crisis management.
National Key R&D Program of China, Project of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education in China.
Gluconic metabolic reprogramming, immune response, and inflammation are intimately linked. Glycolysis involves in the pathologic progress in acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. However, the ...involvement of glycolysis in the acute lung injury (ALI) is still unclear. This study investigated the role of glycolysis in an animal model of ALI. First, we found that lactate content in serum was remarkably increased in ALI patients and a murine model induced by intratracheal administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The key proteins involving in glycolysis were robustly elevated, including HK2,
PKM2, and
HIF‐1α. Intriguingly, inhibition of glycolysis by 2‐deoxyglucose (2‐DG) pronouncedly attenuated the lung tissue pathological injury, accumulation of neutrophil, oxidative stress, expression of proinflammatory factors in the lung of ALI mice induced by LPS. The 2‐DG treatment also strongly suppressed the activation of the NOD‐like receptor (NLR) family and pyrin domain‐containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. Furthermore, we investigated the role of glycolysis in the inflammatory response of primary murine macrophages activated by LPS in vitro. We found that the 2‐DG treatment remarkably reduced the expression of proinflammatory factors induced by LPS, including tumor necrosis factor‐α messenger RNA (mRNA), pro‐interleukin (IL)‐1β mRNA, pro‐IL‐18 mRNA, NLRP3 mRNA, caspase‐1 mRNA, and IL‐1β protein. Altogether, these data provide a novel link between gluconic metabolism reprogramming and uncontrolled inflammatory response in ALI. This study suggests glycolytic inhibition as an effective anti‐inflammatory strategy in treating ALI.
This article provides a novel link between gluconic metabolism reprogramming and uncontrolled inflammatory response in acute lung injury (ALI). This study suggests glycolytic inhibition as an effective anti‐inflammatory strategy in treating ALI.
Tomographic volumetric bioprinting (VBP) enables fast photofabrication of cell‐laden hydrogel constructs in one step, addressing the limitations of conventional layer‐by‐layer additive manufacturing. ...However, existing biomaterials that fulfill the physicochemical requirements of VBP are limited to gelatin‐based photoresins of high polymer concentrations. The printed microenvironments are predominantly static and stiff, lacking sufficient capacity to support 3D cell growth. Here a dynamic resin based on thiol–ene photo‐clickable polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and thermo‐sensitive sacrificial gelatin for fast VBP of functional ultrasoft cell‐laden hydrogel constructs within 7–15 s is reported. Using gelatin allows VBP of permissive hydrogels with low PVA contents of 1.5%, providing a stress‐relaxing environment for fast cell spreading, 3D osteogenic differentiation of embedded human mesenchymal stem cells and matrix mineralization. Additionally, site‐specific immobilization of molecules‐of‐interest inside a PVA hydrogel is achieved by 3D tomographic thiol–ene photopatterning. This technique may enable spatiotemporal control of cell‐material interactions and guides in vitro tissue formation using programmed cell‐friendly light. Altogether, this study introduces a synthetic dynamic photoresin enabling fast VBP of functional ultrasoft hydrogel constructs with well‐defined physicochemical properties and high efficiency.
A synthetic dynamic photoresin based on thiol–ene clickable polyvinyl alcohol is developed for fast volumetric bioprinting. Functional ultrasoft hydrogel constructs are printed within 7–15 s with low PVA contents of 1.5%. The printed matrices provide stress‐relaxing microenvironments that are permissive for fast cell spreading, stem cell differentiation, matrix mineralization, and tomographic thiol–ene photopatterning of chemical cues site‐specifically.
Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers and has the highest mortality rate worldwide. It is worthwhile to explore the mechanism of gastric cancer progression. An increasing number of studies ...have found that non-coding RNAs including miRNA and lncRNA play important roles in gastric cancer progression. This review summarized the role of ectopic miRNA in gastric cancer proliferation, growth, migration, invasion and apoptosis. Meantime, aberrantly expressed miRNA also received a great deal of attention as potential biomarker for gastric cancer diagnosis and therapy. Over the last decade, lncRNA was considered to regulate gastric cancer progression at the transcript and post-transcript level. At the transcript level, lncRNA induced gastric cancer progression by changing chromatin modification and mRNA stabilization to regulate mRNA and miRNA expression. Furthermore, lncRNA regulated gastric cancer progression by completely combining with miRNA to produce ceRNA or promote protein stabilization at the post-transcript level. Greater attention of miRNA and lncRNA in gastric cancer can provide new insight of mechanism of cancer development and may be acted as a new anticancer target.
Enantioenriched indole derivatives are widely found in natural products, pharmaceuticals and bioactive compounds. Therefore, developing efficient methods for the synthesis of enantioenriched indole ...derivatives has become an important goal in the community of organic chemistry. To this end, chemists have designed and developed a variety of indole-containing platform molecules and their related catalytic asymmetric reactions. Among these approaches, vinylindoles have proved to be versatile platform molecules for accessing enantioenriched indole derivatives via catalytic asymmetric reactions, especially organocatalytic asymmetric reactions. Based on this approach, a plethora of chiral indole derivatives have been synthesized with optical purity and structural complexity. This review summarizes advances in vinylindole-based organocatalytic asymmetric reactions since 2008 and includes the applications of some methodologies in the total synthesis of natural products. In addition, this review points out the remaining challenges in this research area to be confronted by organic chemists, which will shed light on the future development of this area.
Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), one of the most economically important leaf vegetables, exhibits early bolting under high-temperature conditions. Early bolting leads to loss of commodity value and ...edibility, leading to considerable loss and waste of resources. However, the initiation and molecular mechanism underlying early bolting induced by high temperature remain largely elusive.
In order to better understand this phenomenon, we defined the lettuce bolting starting period, and the high temperature (33 °C) and controlled temperature (20 °C) induced bolting starting phase of proteomics is analyzed, based on the iTRAQ-based proteomics, phenotypic measurement, and biological validation by RT-qPCR. Morphological and microscopic observation showed that the initiation of bolting occurred 8 days after high-temperature treatment. Fructose accumulated rapidly after high-temperature treatment. During initiation of bolting, of the 3305 identified proteins, a total of 93 proteins exhibited differential abundances, 38 of which were upregulated and 55 downregulated. Approximately 38% of the proteins were involved in metabolic pathways and were clustered mainly in energy metabolism and protein synthesis. Furthermore, some proteins involved in sugar synthesis were differentially expressed and were also associated with energy production.
This report is the first to report on the metabolic changes involved in the initiation of bolting in lettuce. Our study suggested that energy metabolism and ribosomal proteins are pivotal components during initiation of bolting. This study could provide a potential regulatory mechanism for the initiation of early bolting by high temperature, which could have applications in the manipulation of lettuce for breeding.
A simple and practical strategy for the preparation of 1,2‐dithiole‐3‐thiones via copper‐catalyzed defluorinative thioannulation of trifluoropropynes has been developed using elemental sulfur as the ...sole sulfur source. This reaction displays a wide substrate scope and high functional group tolerance to afford the corresponding S‐heterocycles in moderate to good yields and features efficient construction of multiple C−S bonds through C−F bond cleavage of CF3 groups.
Cognitive dysfunction is one of the common complications of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (CI/R) injury after ischemic stroke. Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are the core pathological ...mechanism of CI/R injury. The activation of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB) signaling antagonize cognitive dysfunction in a series of neuropathy. Naringenin (NAR) improves cognitive function in many diseases, but the role of NAR in CI/R injury-induced cognitive dysfunction remains unexplored. The study aimed to explore the potential protective effects of NAR in CI/R injury-induced cognitive dysfunction and underlying mechanism. The rats were exposed to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and then treated with distilled water or NAR (50 or 100 mg/kg/day, p.o.) for 30 days. The Y-maze test, Novel object recognition test and Morris water maze test were performed to assess cognitive function. The levels of oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines were measured by ELISA. The expressions of BDNF/TrkB signaling were detected by Western blot. NAR prevented cognitive impairment in MCAO-induced CI/R injury rats. Moreover, NAR inhibited oxidative stress (reduced levels of malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxynonenal, increased activities of superoxide dismutase and Glutathione peroxidase) and inflammatory cytokines (reduced levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, Interleukin-1β and Interleukin-6), up-regulated the expressions of BDNF and p-TrkB in hippocampus of MCAO-induced CI/R rats. NAR ameliorated cognitive dysfunction of CI/R rats via inhibiting oxidative stress, reducing inflammatory response, and up-regulating BDNF/TrkB signaling pathways in the hippocampus.
A two-dimensional (2D) cobalt(
ii
) metal-organic framework (MOF) constructed by a ditopic organic ligand, formulated as {Co(Hbic)(H
2
O)·4H
2
O}
n
(
1
) (H
2
bic = 1
H
-benzimidazole-5-carboxylic ...acid), was hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction shows that the distorted octahedral Co
2+
ions, as coordination nodes, are bridged to form 2D honeycomb networks, which are further organized into a 3D supramolecular porous framework through multiple hydrogen bonds and interlayer π-π interactions. Dynamic crystallography experiments reveal the anisotropic thermal expansion behavior of the lattice, suggesting a flexible hydrogen-bonded 3D framework. Interestingly, hydrogen-bonded (H
2
O)
4
tetramers were found to be located in porous channels, yielding 1D proton transport pathways. As a result, the compound exhibited a high room-temperature proton conductivity of 1.6 × 10
−4
S cm
−1
under a relative humidity of 95% through a Grotthuss mechanism. Magnetic investigations combined with theoretical calculations reveal giant easy-plane magnetic anisotropy of the distorted octahedral Co
2+
ions with the experimental and computed
D
values being 87.1 and 109.3 cm
−1
, respectively. In addition, the compound exhibits field-induced slow magnetic relaxation behavior at low temperatures with an effective energy barrier of
U
eff
= 45.2 cm
−1
. Thus, the observed electrical and magnetic properties indicate a rare proton conducting SIM-MOF. The foregoing results provide a unique bifunctional cobalt(
ii
) framework material and suggest a promising way to achieve magnetic and electrical properties using a supramolecular framework platform.
A porous cobalt(
ii
) metal-organic framework (MOF) was reported to exhibit high room-temperature proton conduction and field-induced slow magnetic relaxation behavior.
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