Crack assessment has remained one of the high‐priority research topics for structural health monitoring. However, the current research mainly focuses on the crack assessment at some point, but pays ...relatively less attention to the long‐term development of cracks, which is important for structure health monitoring. In this paper, a new method based on dual‐convolutional neural network (CNN) (well over 94% accuracy), digital image processing technology and shape context is proposed, which achieves a fully automated process composed of crack detection, crack measurement, and quantitative crack growth monitoring. In crack growth monitoring, an algorithm to label each crack is put forward for the first time, which is able to reflect the sequential order of the occurrence of cracks. Therefore, each skeleton point of cracks will be assigned an ID which contains information about its identity and width in order to monitor cracks at both a global and local level. Experimental studies of a concrete member with complex cracks are utilized for the illustration and validation of the proposed methodology.
Biosensing is of vital importance for advancing public health through monitoring abnormalities in biological systems, which may be potentially associated with certain body dysfunctions. A wide range ...of luminescent materials have been actively pursued in the fabrication of biosensing platforms, particularly ones that can function in complex biological fluids with high selectivity and sensitivity. Recently, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have experienced rapid growth due to their tunable structures, large surface area, and being prone to surface engineering,
etc.
These virtues endow MOF materials with immense feasibility in the target-oriented construction of sensing platforms for specific applications. In this review, we extrapolated six sensing mechanisms for MOF-based photoluminescent biosensing platforms, including photoelectron transfer (PET), resonance energy transfer (RET), competition absorption (CA), structural transformation (ST), chemical conversion (CC), and quencher detachment (QD). Accordingly, recent progress of MOF-based materials in photoluminescence sensing of biomolecules, biomarkers, drugs, and toxins was highlighted. The objective of this review is to provide readers with an extensive overview of the design and synthesis of MOF materials for photoluminescence biosensing. The challenges and outlook are briefly discussed at the end.
Recent progress of MOF-based photoluminescent platforms: a comprehensive overview of their applications in biosensing and underlying mechanisms.
Abstract
High expression or aberrant activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is related to tumor progression and therapy resistance across cancer types, including non-small cell lung ...cancer (NSCLC). EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are first-line therapy for NSCLC. However, patients eventually deteriorate after inevitable acquisition of EGFR TKI-resistant mutations, highlighting the need for therapeutics with alternative mechanisms of action. Here, we report that the elevated tribbles pseudokinase 3 (TRIB3) is positively associated with EGFR stability and NSCLC progression. TRIB3 interacts with EGFR and recruits PKCα to induce a Thr654 phosphorylation and WWP1-induced Lys689 ubiquitination in the EGFR juxtamembrane region, which enhances EGFR recycling, stability, downstream activity, and NSCLC stemness. Disturbing the TRIB3-EGFR interaction with a stapled peptide attenuates NSCLC progression by accelerating EGFR degradation and sensitizes NSCLC cells to chemotherapeutic agents. These findings indicate that targeting EGFR degradation is a previously unappreciated therapeutic option in EGFR-related NSCLC.
A copper(I)-catalyzed enantioselective addition of enynes to ketones was developed. The method allows facile construction of enantiomerically enriched tertiary alcohols using skipped enynes as ...stable hydrocarbon pronucleophiles. The combination of a soft copper(I)-conjugated Brønsted base catalyst with a chiral diphosphine ligand, (S,S)-Ph-BPE, enabled chemoselective deprotonation of the skipped enynes in the presence of ketones bearing intrinsically more acidic α-protons. The catalytically generated chiral allylcopper species enantio-, diastereo-, regio-, and chemoselectively reacted with ketones, thereby demonstrating excellent substrate generality with functional group tolerance. The skipped enyne moieties of the pronucleophiles were exclusively converted to cis-conjugated enynes, which will eventually allow for further versatile transformations.
SUMMARY
Drought stress induces anthocyanin biosynthesis in many plant species, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. Ethylene response factors (ERFs) play key roles in plant growth ...and various stress responses, including affecting anthocyanin biosynthesis. Here, we characterized an ERF protein, MdERF38, which is involved in drought stress‐induced anthocyanin biosynthesis. Biochemical and molecular analyses showed that MdERF38 interacted with MdMYB1, a positive modulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis, and facilitated the binding of MdMYB1 to its target genes. Therefore, MdERF38 promoted anthocyanin biosynthesis in response to drought stress. Furthermore, we found that MdBT2, a negative modulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis, decreased MdERF38‐promoted anthocyanin biosynthesis by accelerating the degradation of the MdERF38 protein. In summary, our data provide a mechanism for drought stress‐induced anthocyanin biosynthesis that involves dynamic modulation of MdERF38 at both transcriptional and post‐translational levels.
Significance Statement
MdERF38 promotes anthocyanin biosynthesis by interacting with MdMYB1 and enhancing the binding of MdMYB1 to its target genes in response to drought stress. MdBT2 decreases drought‐induced anthocyanin accumulation by accelerating the degradation of MdERF38.
Summary
The plant hormone jasmonic acid (JA) is involved in the cold stress response, and the inducer of CBF expression 1 (ICE1)‐ C‐repeat binding factor (CBF) regulatory cascade plays a key role in ...the regulation of cold stress tolerance. In this study, we showed that a novel B‐box (BBX) protein MdBBX37 positively regulates JA‐mediated cold‐stress resistance in apple.
We found that MdBBX37 bound to the MdCBF1 and MdCBF4 promoters to activate their transcription, and also interacted with MdICE1 to enhance the transcriptional activity of MdICE1 on MdCBF1, thus promoting its cold tolerance.
Two JA signaling repressors, MdJAZ1 and MdJAZ2 (JAZ, JAZMONATE ZIM‐DOMAIN), interacted with MdBBX37 to repress the transcriptional activity of MdBBX37 on MdCBF1 and MdCBF4, and also interfered with the interaction between MdBBX37 and MdICE1, thus negatively regulating JA‐mediated cold tolerance. E3 ligase MdMIEL1 (MIEL1, MYB30‐Interacting E3 Ligase1) reduced MdBBX37‐improved cold resistance by mediating ubiquitination and degradation of the MdBBX37 protein.
The data reveal that MIEL1 and JAZ proteins co‐regulate JA‐mediated cold stress tolerance through the BBX37‐ICE1‐CBF module in apple. These results will aid further examination of the post‐translational modification of BBX proteins and the regulatory mechanism of JA‐mediated cold stress tolerance.
The existence of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) is a major reason underlying cancer metastasis and recurrence after chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Targeting BCSCs may ameliorate breast cancer ...relapse and therapy resistance. Here we report that expression of the pseudokinase Tribble 3 (TRIB3) positively associates with breast cancer stemness and progression. Elevated TRIB3 expression supports BCSCs by interacting with AKT to interfere with the FOXO1-AKT interaction and suppress FOXO1 phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and degradation by E3 ligases SKP2 and NEDD4L. The accumulated FOXO1 promotes transcriptional expression of SOX2, a transcriptional factor for cancer stemness, which in turn, activates FOXO1 transcription and forms a positive regulatory loop. Disturbing the TRIB3-AKT interaction suppresses BCSCs by accelerating FOXO1 degradation and reducing SOX2 expression in mouse models of breast cancer. Our study provides insights into breast cancer development and confers a potential therapeutic strategy against TRIB3-overexpressed breast cancer.
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Once introduced into physiological environment, nanoparticles (NPs) are immediately coated with proteins, resulting in formation of what is known as protein corona. The formation of ...protein corona can be affected by many factors. Likewise, the addition of protein corona can alter the physicochemical properties and biodistribution of NPs. NPs with the coating protein corona can be considered as a biological identity that recognized by cells in biological system. Thus, to understand and regulate the effect of protein corona on targeting capability of NPs in vivo, it is necessary to elucidate the interaction between the NPs and the biological fluid. In this review, we first elucidate the factors influencing the formation of protein corona, including NPs physicochemical factors, such as NPs composition, size, shape, surface chemistry, etc., and environmental factors, such as environmental temperature, protein origins, etc. Then, we focus on the effect of protein corona on the passive targeting and active targeting, and discuss the probable reasons that causing the discrepant results. Finally, we review the strategies for tuning the protein corona to promote targeting, including reducing protein adsorption and recruiting specific proteins.
Wounding stress leads to anthocyanin accumulation. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains elusive. In this study, MdWRKY40 was found to promote wounding-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis ...in association with MdMYB1 and undergo MdBT2-mediated degradation in apple.
We found that MdMYB1, a positive regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis, was essential for the wounding-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in apple. MdWRKY40 was identified as an MdMYB1-interacting protein, and enhanced the binding of MdMYB1 to its target genes in response to wounding.
We found that MdBT2 interacted physically with MdWRKY40 and was involved in its degradation through the 26S proteasome pathway.
Our results demonstrate that MdWRKY40 is a key modulator in the wounding-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis, which provides new insights into the regulation of wounding-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis at both the transcriptional and post-translational levels in apple.
Recent advances in dearomatization through halofunctionalization reactions are summarized in this Minireview. Two general categories of strategies are currently employed in this field. On one hand, ...the reaction can be initiated with electrophilic halogenation at an alkyne or alkene moiety. The resulting halonium ion intermediate is then captured by a pendant aromatic ring at the ipso position, affording the dearomatization product. On the other hand, electrophilic halogenation can directly take place at a substituted arene, and the final dearomatization product is furnished by deprotonation or intramolecular nucleophilic trap. Highly enantioselective variants have been realized in the latter case by organocatalysis or transition metal catalysis. By applying these methods, various valuable halogenated polycyclic molecular architectures have been obtained from readily available starting materials.
Not so aromatic now: Dearomatization through halofunctionalization occurs according to two pathways. The reaction can be initiated with electrophilic halogenation at an alkyne or alkene moiety, or electrophilic halogenation can take place directly at a substituted arene. By applying these methods, various valuable halogenated polycyclic molecular architectures have been obtained from readily available starting materials.
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