Generally, we consider chitosan being a safe, nontoxic natural polymer with wide clinical applications. However, allergic reactions caused by chitosan have been reported on rare occasions. We report ...here a case of allergy and perform a literature review.
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing an acute allergic reaction caused by intra‐articular injection of chitosan.
Transition metal doped SnSe can strongly anchor lithium polysulfides and promote S8 reduction reaction as a cathode material for LSBs.
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•CoSe and SnSe in 2D selenides perform best in ...suppressing the shuttle effect.•TM doping can effectively enhance the anchoring of SnSe to LiPSs/S8.•TM doped SnSe can significantly accelerate the redox reaction kinetics of LiPSs/S8.•Ti-doped SnSe performs best in both adsorption effect and catalytic performance.
Two-dimensional (2D) metal chalcogenides are promising sulfur host materials for lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery owing to their abundance on earth and unique physicochemical properties. Although 2D metal sulfides have been investigated for applications in Li-S battery, selenides with higher conductivity than sulfides are scarcely studied. Herein, focusing on finding the optimal 2D selenide as sulfur host of Li-S battery, for the first time, a series of 2D selenides were screened in terms of adsorption capacity and catalytic effect on conversion reactions for lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) using first-principles approach. Among them, SnSe is the best performer with the LiPSs/S8 adsorption energies of −0.77 to −2.31 eV and lowers the free energy of overall S8 reduction reaction (SRR) by 2.31 eV. For further improving the performance of 2D SnSe, eleven transition-metal doped 2D SnSe (TM-SnSe) were constructed and show enhanced anchoring capability and catalytic effect, among which Ti-SnSe stands out with adsorption energies of −2.09 to −4.01 eV and SRR free energy decrease of 3.27 eV. The electronic and structural analyses unveil that the considerable interaction enhancement between Ti-SnSe and LiPSs/S8 comes from strong Ti–S bond and enhanced Sn–S bond. Combining with the experimentally mature synthesis of 2D SnSe and doping strategy, Ti-SnSe is of great possibility to be obtained and achieve great improvement for Li-S battery.
Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal borides (MBs) with rich diversity and intrinsic high conductivity attract increasingly focus in energy storage fields. Herein, seven structures (Sc2B2, Ti2B2, ...V2B2, Cr2B2, Zr2B2, Nb2B2, Mo2B2) were screened from one interesting class of 2D hexagonal 3d/4d M2B2 monolayers to be promising anode materials for Li-/Mg-/Al-ion battery using first principles calculations. Phonon dispersions, energy calculations, configuration analyses, electronic structure analyses and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations confirm their high dynamic stability, strong adsorption capability and low volume change (< 7%) for Li/Mg/Al storage, and good thermostability with two layers of charge carriers. Furthermore, the high capacities (252–480/504–960/753–1442 mAh/g), low voltages (0.12–0.39/0.16–0.62/0.41–0.78 V), and ultra-low migration energy barriers (2.7–38.2/15.0–83.5/44.1–248.7 meV) in Li-/Mg-/Al-ion battery are proved. The performance of M2B2 monolayers in different ion batteries shows clear relationships with both the intrinsic nature of M and the electronegativity of charge carrier. For M2B2 monolayers in same period, the one with heavier M has higher dynamical stability, stronger bonding to charge carriers, and lower reaction voltage. In addition, a specific M2B2 monolayer shows stronger adsorption and slower conduction for the charge carrier with higher electronegativity. This work provides theoretical guidance for developing new MBs anode materials for ion batteries.
Organic ammonium salts have been widely used for defect passivation to suppress nonradiative charge recombination in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, they are prone to form undesirable ...in‐plane favored 2D perovskites with poor charge transport capability that hamper device performance. Herein, the defects passivation role of alkyldiammonium including 1.6‐hexamethylenediamine dihydriodide (HDAI2), 1,3‐propanediamine dihydriodide (PDAI2), and 1.4‐butanediamine dihydriodide (BDAI2) for formamidinium‐cesium perovskite is systematically investigated. With help of density functional theory (DFT) calculations, BDA with suitable size can synergistically passivate two defect sites on perovskite surfaces, showing the best defect passivation effect among the above three alkyldiammonium salts. Perovskite films based on BDAI2 modification are found to keep the 3D perovskite phase with considerably reduced trap‐state density, and enhanced carrier extraction. As a result, the BDAI2‐modified devices deliver impressive efficiencies of 23.1% and 20.9% for inverted PSCs on the rigid and flexible substrates, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding encapsulated rigid devices maintain 92% of the initial efficiency after operating under continuous 1‐sun illumination with the maximum power point tracking for 1000 h. Furthermore, the mechanical flexibility of the BDAI2‐modified flexible device is also improved due to the release of residual stress.
BDA can make full use of the two ammonium cations for passivation and strengthen the absorption of BDA onto the VFA defect as well as enhance the formation energy of VFA, and thereby anchor the perovskite surfaces, so as to improve the photovoltaic performance of rigid and flexible devices.
Enabling efficient and durable charge storage under high sulfur loading and lean electrolyte remains a paramount challenge for Li‐S battery technology to truly demonstrate its commercial viability. ...This work reports an amphoteric polymer binder, whose negatively and positively charged moieties allow for coregulation of both lithium cations and heteropolar lithium polysulfides through multiple intermolecular interactions. These interactions and the physical properties lead to simultaneously improved Li+ transport, polysulfide adsorption and catalysis, cathode robustness and anode stability. Therefore, this multifunctional binder endows Li‐S batteries with compelling overall performances even under rigorous conditions. At low sulfur loading and copious electrolyte, the cell shows a low capacity‐fading rate of 0.056% cycle‐1 upon 700 cycles. At sulfur loading of 6.8 mg cm–2 and low E/S of 6 µL mg–1, the cell still delivers stable areal capacities between 4.2 and 4.8 mAh cm–2 in 50 cycles without obvious decay at 0.2 C. The commercial feasibility of this work is further manifested by its zero added weight, low material cost, and ease of manufacturing and scale‐up. The efficacy and simplicity of this work symbolize an example of lab‐scale battery research aiming at improved technology and manufacturing readiness level.
Amphoteric polymer binder with positive and negatively charged moieties provides coregulation of both heteropolar lithium polysulfides and lithium cations through multiple intermolecular interactions, rendering improved Li+ transport, polysulfide adsorption and catalysis, cathode robustness, and anode stability. The resulting Li‐S cell shows high capacity and stability at high sulfur loading and lean electrolyte, signifying improved technology and manufacturing readiness level.
The forced air cooling system plays an important role in the safe operation of power converters. Condition monitoring its health status can improve the reliability of power converter and reduce the ...cost of unscheduled maintenance due to over-heating. This letter proposed to use the natural frequency of thermal network as an indicator to monitor the aging process of cooling system. We show that the degradation of the cooling system can be monitored by detecting the variation of thermal network natural frequency. Experimental tests on a three-phase dc/ac converter with forced air cooling system are performed to verify the effectiveness of proposed method. This method is simple to implement and does not need to measure the power loss. Moreover, it enables the concurrent monitoring of multiple components in the cooling system.
Artificial intelligence (AI) has been driving the continuous development of the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PM&R) fields. The latest release of ChatGPT/GPT-4 has shown us that AI can ...potentially transform the healthcare industry. In this study, we propose various ways in which ChatGPT/GPT-4 can display its talents in the field of PM&R in future. ChatGPT/GPT-4 is an essential tool for Physiatrists in the new era.
With the increasing interest in tackling the “shuttle effect” of lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries, there is a growing emphasis on investigating effective catalysts to improve redox kinetics and ...understand the associated reaction pathways. In this study, a series of nonmetal (B, N, Si, P, S, F, and Cl) single-atom-doped graphenes were theoretically investigated as the catalysts for the multistep reduction of S8 and the kinetic conversion of the rate-limiting step. Analysis of the Gibbs free energy for the S8 reduction process on these catalysts confirms that the rate-limiting step is the conversion of Li2S2 to Li2S. Subsequently, six kinetic reaction paths transforming Li2S2 to Li2S were constructed. Based on the optimal reaction path with LiS as the intermediate product, a volcano plot was built with the excellent descriptor, −ΔG ad(LiS). The peak catalytic efficiency corresponds to a −ΔG ad(LiS) value of 1.72 eV. Consequently, pyrrolic N- and Cl-doped graphene are identified as superior catalysts with energy barriers of 0.61 and 0.47 eV for the reversible conversion of Li2S2 to Li2S. Furthermore, the strong correlation between ΔG ad(LiS) and ΔG ad(Li2S) also enables the prediction of catalytic performance using ΔG ad(Li2S). These findings have significant implications for future catalyst design and understanding of kinetic reaction pathways in Li–S batteries.
Lithium metal is a promising anode material for achieving higher capacity than that of the commercial lithium-ion batteries. However, lithium metal anodes (LMAs) suffer from a series of vital issues ...caused by the unstable solid-electrolyte interfaces (SEIs). To deal with this issue, herein, a paradigm was proposed for the extensive screening and precise evaluation of artificial SEI materials for LMAs,
i.e.
, the ideal SEI material can be obtained through a workflow of chemical stability assessments, electronic conductivity measurements, and accurate predictions of key parameters (Li affinity, structural stability, Li-ion conductivity, mechanical properties, and the capability to stabilize the electrolyte). The proposed paradigm was demonstrated by searching for the optimal SEI materials for LMAs from 76 binary selenides. First, five thermodynamically lithium-stable selenides (BaSe, CaSe, EuSe, SrSe, and YbSe) were identified as potential artificial SEI materials with appropriate negative cathodic limits (
versus
Li/Li
+
) and relatively good electronic insulation. Further performance predictions based on first-principles calculations highlight the excellent attributes of the YbSe SEI material, including (1) lower binding affinity to Li ions than Li metal, ensuring that Li ions cross the SEI and deposit on the lithium metal surface; (2) the fastest Li-ion conduction; (3) the strongest mechanical strength to prevent the lithium-dendrite formation; (4) the best structural stability against the lattice distortion caused by Li-ion adsorption; (5) the capability of hindering the decomposition of electrolyte and Li
2
S
8
molecules. This paradigm can be widely applied to virtual screening of ideal SEI materials for LMAs.
A paradigm for extensive screening and precise evaluation of artificial SEI materials for lithium metal anodes was proposed and used to explore binary selenides, and YbSe was found to have great potential for artificial SEI application.
To achieve high‐energy‐density and safe lithium‐metal batteries (LMBs), solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) that exhibit fast Li‐ion conductivity and good stability against lithium metal are of great ...importance. This study presents a systematic exploration of selenide‐based materials as potential SSE candidates. Initially, Li 8 SeN 2 and Li 7 PSe 6 were selected from 25 ternary selenides based on their ability to form stable interfaces with lithium metal. Subsequently, their favorable electronic insulation and mechanical properties were verified. Furthermore, extensive theoretical investigations were conducted to elucidate the fundamental mechanisms underlying Li‐ion migration in Li 8 SeN 2 , Li 7 PSe 6 , and derived Li 6 PSe 5 X (X = Cl, Br, I). Notably, the highly favorable Li‐ion conduction mechanism of vacancy diffusion was identified in Li 6 PSe 5 Cl and Li 7 PSe 6 , which exhibited remarkably low activation energies of 0.21 and 0.23 eV, and conductivity values of 3.85 × 10 −2 and 2.47 × 10 −2 S cm −1 at 300 K, respectively. In contrast, Li‐ion migration in Li 8 SeN 2 was found to occur via a substitution mechanism with a significant diffusion energy barrier, resulting in a high activation energy and low Li‐ion conductivity of 0.54 eV and 3.6 × 10 −6 S cm −1 , respectively. Throughout this study, it was found that the ab initio molecular dynamics and nudged elastic band methods are complementary in revealing the Li‐ion conduction mechanisms. Utilizing both methods proved to be efficient, as relying on only one of them would be insufficient. The discoveries made and methodology presented in this work lay a solid foundation and provide valuable insights for future research on SSEs for LMBs.
