A new isoalloxazine alkaloid, named bupleurine A (1), along with five known compounds (2–6), were isolated from the aerial parts of Bupleurum chinense DC. The structure elucidation of the new ...alkaloid (1) was employed by combining NMR and HR‐MS data with comparison of reference in the literature. Five known compounds (2–6) were isolated from Bupleurum genus for the first time. Additionally, their antiproliferative activities on HeLa cells were evaluated by MTT assay and IC50 of compounds 1 and 4–6 were below 10 μm after treatment for 24 h.
To investigate the anti-tumor efficacy of dendritic cells (DC) vaccination transfected with total RNA of cancer stem like cells and to discuss the mechanism of immune response, so as to provide ...experimental basis for clinical application.
Dendritic cells were isolated from F344 bone marrow cells, then these dendritic cells were transfected with total RNA of 9L cancer stem cells or 9L monolayer cells. F344 rats bearing with 9L brain tumors were treated by subcutaneous injection of either PBS, unpulsed DC, DC transfected with 9L monolayer cells RNA (DC-9LTS) or DC transfected with 9L tumor spheres RNA (DC-9L)3, 10, 17. And 21 days after tumor implantation, the brains and sera were obtained from the different groups, the lymphocytes infiltration was detected by immunohistochemistry, and the concentration of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) was tested by ELISA. The survival time was observed and determined using the method of Kaplan Meier analysis.
The rats vaccinated with DC transfected with 9L tumor spheres RNA (DC-9LTS) a
Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered a promising tool for cell-based therapies of nervous system diseases. Bone marrow (BM) has been the traditional source of MSCs (BM-MSCs). However, ...there are some limitations for their clinical use, such as the decline in cell number and differentiation potential with age. Recently, amniotic fluid (AF)-derived MSCs (AF-MSCs) have been shown to express embryonic and adult stem cell markers, and can differentiate into cells of all three germ layers. In this study, we isolated AF-MSCs from second-trimester AF by limiting dilution and compared their proliferative capacity, multipotency, neural differentiation ability, and secretion of neurotrophins to those of BM-MSCs. AF-MSCs showed a higher proliferative capacity and more rapidly formed and expanded neurospheres compared to those of BM-MSCs. Both immunocytochemical and quantitative real-time PCR analyses demonstrated that AF-MSCs showed higher expression of neural stemness markers than those of BM-MSCs following neural stem cell (NSC) differentiation. Furthermore, the levels of brain-derived growth factor and nerve growth factor secreted by AF-MSCs in the culture medium were higher than those of BM-MSCs. In addition, AF-MSCs maintained a normal karyotype in long-term cultures after NSC differentiation and were not tumorigenic in vivo. Our findings suggest that AF-MSCs are a promising and safe alternative to BM-MSCs for therapy of nervous system diseases.
To investigate the expression of cancer stem cell markers in meningiomas.
CD133, Nestin and Sox2 expression levels in 35 paraffin-embedded meningioma tissue samples were assessed using ...immunohistochemistry.
In this study, five cases were atypical (WHO Grade II), two were anaplastic (WHO Grade III), and 28 were benign (WHO Grade I). Among atypical and anaplastic meningiomas, all were positive for Nestin and CD133, and 4 were positive for Sox2. Of the 28 benign meningiomas, 23 were positive for Nestin, 11 were positive for CD133, and none were positive for Sox2. In addition, Nestin and CD133 were expressed at significantly higher levels in the non-benign group than in the benign group.
Nestin, CD133 and Sox2 expression levels may be correlated with the WHO pathological grade. Specifically, more aggressive meningiomas are characterized by higher positivity rates and higher levels of Nestin, CD133 and Sox2 expression in positive cells.
Cancer stem cells are defined as a subpopulation of cancer cells with the capacity to self-renew and differentiate, which may play critical roles in tumor initiation, progress and resistance to ...current treatments. It has been reported that Dendritic cells (DCs) transfected with total tumor RNA could induce strong antitumor T-cell responses both in vivo and in vitro. In the study, we investigated the characteristics of 9L tumor spheres, and evaluated the antitumor effects of DCs transfected with 9L tumor spheres RNA in vivo. The results showed that 9L tumor spheres have the properties of cancer stem cells, and the majority of 9L cells were positive for CD133 and nestin. DCs transfected with 9L tumor spheres RNA can significantly inhibit glioma growth and prolong the survival of 9L glioma-bearing rats. These results demonstrated that 9L cancer stem like cells were enriched in tumor spheres, and they were a part of CD133+ cells, DCs transfected with cancer stem cells RNA may be an effective therapy for glioma.
Objective To establish the 9L/F344 rat intracerebral glioma model of brain tumor stem cells. Methods Rat 9L gliosarcoma stem-like cells were cultured in serum-free suspension. The expression of CD133 ...and nestin were tested by immunohistochemistry. A total of 48 inbredline male F344 rats were randomly divided into 2 groups, and 9L tumor sphere cells and 9L monolayer cells were respectively implanted into the right caudate nucleus of F344 rats in 2 groups. Survival time was observed and determined using the method of Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Fourteen days after implantation or when the rats were dying, their brains were perfused and sectioned for HE staining, and CD133 and nestin were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results Rat 9L tumor spheres were formed with suspension culture in serum-free medium. The gliomas formed in both groups were invasive without obvious capsule. More new vessels, bleeding and necrosis could be detected in 9L tumor spheres group. The tumor cells in both groups were positive for CD133 and nestin. There was no significant difference in the expression of CD133 and nestin between 2 groups (P > 0.05, for all). According to the expression of nestin, the tumors formed by 9L tumor sphere cells were more invasive. The median survival time of the rats bearing 9L tumor sphere cells was 15 d (95%CI: 15.219-15.781), and the median survival time of the rats bearing 9L monolayer cells was 21 d (95%CI: 20.395-21.605). There was significant difference between 2 groups (χ2 = 12.800, P = 0.000). Conclusions 9L/F344 rat intracerebral glioma model of brain tumor stem cells is successfully established, which provides a glioma model for the future research.
Four new flavonoids (1–4) and fourteen known compounds (5–18), were isolated from the aerial part of Bupleurum chinense DC. The structural determination of the new flavonoids was accomplished using ...comprehensive spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D NMR spectra with references to the literatures, as well as high-resolution mass spectrometric analysis. The anti-proliferative activities of the flavonoids (1–18) against HeLa cells were evaluated using the MTT assay with cisplatin as the positive control.
•Four new flavonoids were isolated and identified from the aerial parts of Bupleurum chinense DC.•Three compounds were firstly isolated from this genus, eight compounds were firstly isolated from Umbelliferae.•Compounds 1–4, 6, 11, 13, 16 showed moderate anti-proliferative activities on Hela cells.
The differences in the leaching and mass transfer characteristics of ion-adsorption type rare earth ore between rare earth and non-rare earth impurities were investigated. It is determined that the ...leaching kinetics of rare earths （REs）, Mg and Ca could be described by the shrinking-core model. The leaching rate is controlled by inner diffusion and is in the order of Mg 〉 Ca 〉 RE. The apparent activation energy is 8.48, 6.79 and 6.32 kJ·mol^-1, respectively. In leaching system of Al, the leaching efficiency decreases with the increase in temperature because of hydrolysis reactions. The leaching efficiency of aluminum increases firstly and then decreases with the passage of time when the temperature is higher than 35 ℃. Besides, there is a good consistency in leaching characteristics and mass transfer, and the order of the time-to- peak is Mg 〈 Ca 〈 RE 〈 Al. Therefore, rare earth and non-rare earth may be partly separated by expanding the separation coefficient. The research could provide a theoretic basis for the separation of rare earth and non-rare earth impurities. Furthermore, compound leaching with magnesium salt and calcium salt is innovatively proposed to solve the problem of calcium and magnesium nutrient loss in the soil as well as eliminate ammonia-nitrogen emissions from the source.
China is the global leader in rare earth （RE） production using hydrometallurgical processes. Advantageous extraction techniques of rare earths from Baotou mixed rare earth minerals, bastnaesite, and ...ion-adsorption clays of rare earth deposits have been developed in China. The separation and purification technologies have also achieved rapid development. The industrial application processes for rare earth hydrometallurgy were summarized in the present paper. With the large demands and rapid development of rare earths, the issues of resources and environment are more prominent. This review gives an overview of the main processes that were developed in the past toward greener hydrometallurgy of rare earths in China. Based on the development of the rare earth industry, comprehensive utilization and cleaner production should still be focused on in the future, to support the sustainable development.
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