The effect of VC as electrolyte additive on the electrochemical performance of Si film anode was studied in this paper. The charge/discharge test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electrochemical ...impedance spectrum (EIS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to investigate the cycle performance and SEI layer of Si film anode. It was found that the SEI layer formed in VC-containing electrolyte possessed better properties. It was impermeable to electrolyte and its impedance kept almost invariant upon cycling. The presence of VC in electrolyte brought out the VC-reduced products and decreased the LiF content in SEI layer. The major components of SEI layer were similar in VC-free and VC-containing electrolytes, which contained lithium salt (e.g. ROCO
2Li, Li
2CO
3, LiF), polycarbonate and silicon oxide. It was newly found that silicon oxide could be formed in SEI layer of Si film anode due to the reaction of lithiated silicon with permeated electrolyte in both VC-free and VC-containing electrolytes.
Delirium is an acute mental state associated with poor outcomes. The incidence of delirium is high, especially in the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU). It is important for staff, particularly ...nurses, to understand delirium and implement interventions to prevent it. We performed a survey with the aim of evaluating and analysing the factors influencing the knowledge, attitudes and behaviour of PICU nurses towards delirium.
This cross-sectional descriptive study included 215 PICU nurses in 6 PICUs from five teaching hospitals in Sichuan Province, China. An online survey about the knowledge, attitudes and practices related to delirium care was conducted among PICU nurses used a self-made and validated questionnaire. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics; differences between groups were compared using t tests, ANOVA and rank-sum tests. Variables with a significance level of 0.05 in the univariate analysis were entered into the multivariable regression analysis to identify predictors.
Only 14.4% of the nurses had a good understanding of delirium, and 40.9% had received relevant training. The mean knowledge score was 9.01 ± 3.86, and the overall passing rate of knowledge was 49.8%. The mean attitude and behaviour scores were 40.95 ± 5.62 and 40.33 ± 8.01, respectively. Among the hospitals, different delirium assessments for children and specific training were performed, explaining approximately 10% of the variability in knowledge scores (F = 6.152), approximately 10% of the variability in attitude/belief scores (F = 5.908), and approximately 17% of the variability in practice scores (F = 10.767).
PICU nurses have poor knowledge of delirium, particularly regarding its clinical manifestations, influencing factors and medications used, and they have adequate attitudes and confidence and good behaviour regarding delirium in children. To better prevent delirium, we suggest that PICU departments routinely assess delirium and conduct delirium training for nurses.
Not applicable.
Objective
Existing studies have conflicting results about the predictors of forgotten joints in patients with total knee arthroplasty (TKA), and the relationship between psychosocial factors and ...forgotten knees is unknown. The purpose of this study was to confirm predictors for the forgotten joint in TKA patients.
Methods
This was an observational, prospective longitudinal study. A total of 205 patients who underwent TKA and a 6‐month follow‐up were included between August 2020 and September 2021. Demographic characteristics, clinical characteristics, and psychosocial variables were collected before TKA surgery (T0). The forgotten joint score (FJS) was taken before TKA surgery (T0) and at 1 month (T1), 3 months (T3), and 6 months (T6) after TKA surgery. The psychosocial variables were also completed at T6. Bivariate and multivariable linear regressions (LR) were performed to screen the predictors associated with FJS (T6).
Results
Patients who underwent TKA in our study had a mean FJS of 20.3 ± 12.2 before surgery, 15.9 ± 10.3 at 1 month, 28.7 ± 12.6 at 3 months, and 40.3 ± 12.5 at 6 months. The predictors were sex, combined musculoskeletal disorders (MSD), operation time, FJS (T3), range of motion (ROM) (T6), pain score (T6), Groningen orthopaedic social support scale (GO‐SSS) score (T6), and the generalized anxiety disorder scale (GAD) score (T6). The data satisfied the assumptions of multivariable linear regressions. The multiple R2of LR was 0.71, and the adjusted R2 was 0.70. The F‐statistic of the LR model was 59.5 (p < 0.000).
Conclusion
Our study revealed the level of forgotten knee decreased slightly from preoperation to 1 month postoperatively and then increased from 1 month postoperatively to 6 months postoperatively in TKA patients. The main predictors associated with the FJS at 6 months after surgery were sex, combined MSD, operation time, FJS (T3), ROM (T6), pain score (T6), GO‐SSS score (T6), and anxiety (T6).
Diagnostic plots for FJS (T6) following multiple linear regression showing residuals versus fitted values, normal Q–Q, scale location, and residuals versus leverage plots.
The advancement of Li-metal batteries is significantly impeded by the presence of unstable solid electrolyte interphase and Li dendrites upon cycling. Herein, we present an innovative approach to ...address these issues through the synergetic regulation of solid electrolyte interphase mechanics and Li crystallography using yttrium fluoride/polymethyl methacrylate composite layer. Specifically, we demonstrate the in-situ generation of Y-doped lithium metal through the reaction of composite layer with Li metal, which reduces the surface energy of the (200) plane, and tunes the preferential crystallographic orientation to (200) plane from conventional (110) plane during Li plating. These changes effectively passivate Li metal, thereby significantly reducing undesired side reactions between Li and electrolytes by 4 times. Meanwhile, the composite layer with suitable modulus (~1.02 GPa) can enhance mechanical stability and maintain structural stability of SEI. Consequently, a 4.2 Ah pouch cell with high energy density of 468 Wh kg
and remarkable capacity stability of 0.08% decay/cycle is demonstrated under harsh condition, such as high-areal-capacity cathode (6 mAh cm
), lean electrolyte (1.98 g Ah
), and high current density (3 mA cm
). Our findings highlight the potential of reactive composite layer as a promising strategy for the development of stable Li-metal batteries.
Nickel-based phosphides as anode materials of sodium ion batteries have high capacity, but poor cycle stability and low electrical conductivity. Rational structural design for nickel-based phosphides ...with carbon provides a new way to address the above shortcomings. This paper presents a simple method to synthesize a novel carbon coated NixP (x = 2.4–3.0, denoted as NixP@PC) nanorods using phosphoric acid resin as phosphorus and carbon sources. The NixP nanocrystals are in-situ generated in the P-doped carbon without further phosphatization. The carbon layer can confine the volume changes during charging/discharging process. Additionally, the enriched P doping in the carbon layer greatly increases the electrical conductivity of the NixP-based composite and provides more active sites for sodium storage. The as-obtained NixP@PC nanorods reveal excellent reversible sodium storage performance (271.6 mA·h/g based on the mass of NixP@PC at 0.1 A/g after 300 cycles) and outstanding cycling stability (0.005% capacity decay per cycle after 5 000 cycles at 2 A/g). Meanwhile, the formation mechanism of NixP@PC is evidenced by monitoring the evolution of morphology and structure during the preparing process. This paper may provide a feasible way for constructing high-performance transitional metal compounds for sodium-ion batteries.
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•NixP@PC nanorods are coated by phosphorus self-doped and graphitized carbon layer (PC).•NixP@PC has high rate longterm cycling stability as Na-ion battery anode material.•PC can buffer volume change in NixP nanorods during cycling.•NixP@PC basically maintains its rod-like structure after cycling.
In this communication, we present some new findings on surface oxidized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) when used as cathode of Li–O2 batteries. It is found that the content of oxygen-containing functional ...groups has a significant influence on the electrochemical performance of Li–O2 batteries, by altering the electrical conductivity and density of electrocatalytically active sites of the CNTs and promoting side reactions of the electrolyte. An optimal surface oxygen atomic content of 6.0at.% on CNTs is found to reach a balance and give the best cycling stability of the Li–O2 battery under constant capacity and constant current density tests.
•The oxygen-containing functional group affected the performance of Li–O2 batteries.•The first discharge capacities depended on the electrical conductivity.•CNTs with moderate oxygen content showed better cycling stability.
Model-based methods are widely used for online states estimation of electric vehicles (EVs) due to its accuracy and robustness. Current research mainly focuses on improving estimation filters. ...However, there is less discussion on the parameters identification methods. In this work, the parameters identification method is divided into two parts: formulation of the regression model and application of identification algorithms. First, two methods of formulation of the regression model are studied, respectively. Then, performances on parameters identification of forgetting factor recursive least squares (FFRLS), optimal bounding ellipsoid (OBE), and linear Kalman filter (LKF) are discussed. Besides, cubature Kalman filter (CKF) is selected for state of charge (SOC) estimation. In order to obtain the experimental data and verify the parameters identification and states estimation accuracy, the Hybrid Pulse Power Characteristic (HPPC) test, urban dynamometer driving schedule (UDDS) test, and new European driving cycle (NEDC) test are carried out. In addition, the maximum absolute error (MAE), mean absolute error (MaE), and root mean square error (RMSE) are calculated for evaluating the SOC estimation accuracy. When the parameters are identified by LKF, the best performance in MAE, MaE, and RMSE of SOC estimation is obtained. Considering the estimated peak power fluctuation and the identified parameters fluctuation, the OBE algorithm is more suitable for co-estimation of SOC and state of power (SOP).
Pseudorabies virus is a typical swine alphaherpesvirus, which can cause obvious neurological disorders and reproductive failure in pigs. It is capable of evading host antiviral immune response. ...However, the mechanism by which many PRV proteins assist the virus to evade innate immunity is not fully understood. This study identified PRV US3 protein as a crucial antagonistic viral factor that represses interferon beta (IFN-β) expression. A in-depth study showed that US3 protein restricted type I IFN production by targeting interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), a key molecule required for type I IFN induction. Additionally, US3 protein interacted with IRF3, degraded its protein expression to block the phosphorylation of IRF3. These findings suggested a novel strategy utilized by PRV to inhibit IFN-β production and escape the host innate immunity.
The cycling performance of a silicon/carbon composite anode has been significantly enhanced by using acrylic adhesive and modified acrylic adhesive as binder to fabricate the electrodes for lithium ...ion batteries. The capacity retentions of Si/C composite electrodes bound by acrylic adhesive and modified acrylic adhesive are 79% and 90% after 50 cycles, respectively. These two binders are electrochemically stable in the organic electrolyte in the working window. They also show larger adhesion strength between the coating and the Cu current collector as well as smaller solvent absorption in the electrolyte solvent than polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). Furthermore, sodium carboxyl methyl cellulose (CMC) plays an important role on improving the properties of acrylic adhesive, which increases the adhesive strength of acrylic adhesive and improves the activation of the electrodes.
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