Many control techniques rely on the mathematical models of the systems to be controlled. This paper copes with the modelling problem of dynamical systems aiming to develop highly accurate modelling ...approaches. By an impulse response identification experiment, the dynamical observations with increasing data length are designed for the purpose of capturing the real-time information of systems and serving for on-line identification. According to the different features of the parameters of the systems to be identified, two separable identification models are constructed through the parameter decomposition and the model decomposition for simplifying the structure of the original identification model. On basis of the separable identification models, a separable Newton recursive parameter estimation approach is developed by means of the Newton search for acquiring highly accurate parameter estimates. In terms of the coupled terms in the separated sub-algorithms, a joint estimation algorithm is presented for removing the coupled terms. The experimental results through the Monte-Carlo tests show that the obtained parameter estimates through the separable algorithm are more accurate than those obtained by the Newton recursive estimation method without the model separation.
This article studies the parameter estimation to the system response from the discrete measurement data. By constructing the dynamical rolling cost functions and using the nonlinear optimization, the ...gradient identification method is presented for estimating the parameters of the sine response signal with double frequency. In order to overcome the difficulty for determining the step size and deduce the influence of noises, the stochastic gradient identification method is derived to estimate the signal parameters. For the purpose of improving the accuracy, a multi-innovation stochastic gradient parameter estimation algorithm is presented using the moving window data. Finally, the simulation examples are provided to test the algorithm performance.
Type 2 diabetes is closely related to an increased risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) and atrial flutter (AFL). Whether sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors can attenuate AF/AFL ...progression remains unclear.
We searched electronic databases (PubMed, Embase and ClinicalTrials.gov) from their inception to January 2020 for trials evaluating the AF outcomes of SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes. The data search and extraction were conducted with a standardized data form and any conflicts were resolved by consensus. Relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used for binary variables, and the weighed mean differences (WMDs) with the standard deviation (SDs) were applied for continuous variables.
We included data from 16 identified trials consisting of 38,335 patients with type 2 diabetes. Incorporated data demonstrated that compared to placebo, SGLT2 inhibitors significantly reduced AF/AFL (RR: 0.76; 95% CI 0.65-0.90; p = 0.001) and all-cause mortality (RR: 0.91; 95% CI 0.83-0.99; p = 0.03). AF/AFL reductions were not modified by age, body weight, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), or systolic blood pressure (SBP) at baseline (all p-interactions > 0.3). SGLT2 inhibitors also significantly reduced heart failure events (RR: 0.73; 95% CI 0.64-0.84; p < 0.00001), HbA1c (WMD: - 0.62%; 95% CI - 0.89 to - 0.34; p < 0.00001), body weight (WMD: - 2.12 kg; 95% CI - 2.91 to - 1.34; p < 0.00001), SBP (WMD: - 3.34 mmHg; 95% CI - 4.12 to - 2.56; p < 0.00001), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (WMD: - 1.11 mmHg; 95% CI - 1.62 to - 0.60; p < 0.0001). Of note, cerebrovascular events and myocardial infarction did not increase in patients taking SGLT2 inhibitors.
SGLT2 inhibitors may confer a specific AF/AFL-reduction benefit in the susceptible type 2 diabetes population, regardless of age, body weight, HbA1c, and systolic blood pressure at baseline. Such an AF/AFL-reduction benefit may be partly attributed to pharmacological effects on reductions in HbA1c, body weight, blood pressure, and the occurrence of heart failure.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common human gastrointestinal cancer, and recent studies indicate that circular RNA (circRNA) may regulate cancer development. In this study, we assess the role of ...circRNA specifically in colorectal cancer. Our quantitative PCR assays demonstrate an upregulation of the circRNA has_circ_0020397 and a downregulation of miR-138 in CRC cells, as well as a negative correlation between these two. Using a dual-luciferase reporter assay, we show evidence of miR-138-binding sites on hsa_circ_0020397, and that overexpression of hsa_circ_0020397 could inhibit the downregulation of luciferase activity by miR-138. Although hsa_circ_0020397 did not influence miR-138 expression per se, has_circ_0020397 did inhibit miR-138 activity, as examined via the expression of miR-138 targets telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). Control treatments with plasmids overexpressing linear hsa_circ_0020397 did not have these effects. Hsa_circ_0020397 promoted cell viability and invasion of CRC cells and inhibited their apoptosis, whereas miR-138 had the opposite effect. Nevertheless, hsa_circ_0020397 antagonized miR-138 suppression of cell growth. When TERT or PD-L1 expression was suppressed with siRNAs, the above functions of hsa_circ_0020397 were attenuated, suggesting that hsa_circ_0020397 can regulate CRC cell viability, apoptosis and invasion by promoting the expression of miR-138 target genes. These findings support the role of circRNA in CRC pathogenesis.
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐Cov‐2), the pathogen of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID‐19), has posed a serious threat to global public health. The WHO has declared ...the outbreak of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection an international public health emergency. Lung lesions have been considered as the major damage caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. However, liver injury has also been reported to occur during the course of the disease in severe cases. Similarly, previous studies have shown that liver damage was common in the patients infected by the other two highly pathogenic coronavirus – severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS‐CoV) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS‐CoV), and associated with the severity of diseases. In this review, the characteristics and mechanism of liver injury caused by SARS‐CoV, MERS‐CoV as well as SARS‐CoV‐2 infection were summarized, which may provide help for further studies on the liver injury of COVID‐19.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressively debilitating neurodegenerative condition that leads to motor and cognitive dysfunction. At present, clinical treatment can only improve symptoms, but ...cannot effectively protect dopaminergic neurons. Several reports have demonstrated that human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hucMSCs) afford neuroprotection, while their application is limited because of their uncontrollable differentiation and other reasons. Stem cells communicate with cells through secreted exosomes (Exos), the present study aimed to explore whether Exos secreted by hucMSCs could function instead of hucMSCs. hucMSCs were successfully isolated and characterized, and shown to contribute to 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-stimulated SH-SY5Y cell proliferation; hucMSC-derived Exos were also involved in this process. The Exos were purified and identified, and then labeled with PKH 26, it was found that the Exos could be efficiently taken up by SH-SY5Y cells after 12 h of incubation. Pretreatment with Exos promoted 6-OHDA-stimulated SH-SY5Y cells to proliferate and inhibited apoptosis by inducing autophagy. Furthermore, Exos reached the substantia nigra through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in vivo, relieved apomorphine-induced asymmetric rotation, reduced substantia nigra dopaminergic neuron loss and apoptosis, and upregulated the level of dopamine in the striatum. These results demonstrate that hucMSCs-Exos have a treatment capability for PD and can traverse the BBB, indicating their potential for the effective treatment of PD.
Solar‐driven overall water splitting is an ideal way to generate renewable energy while still challenging. For the first time, this work combined covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and piezoelectric ...material by covalent linkages to form Z‐scheme core@shell heterostructure for overall water splitting. Benefiting from the synergistic effect between the polarized electric field and photo‐generated charges, as well as the precise adjustment of shell thickness, the carrier separation and utilization efficiency is greatly improved. The optimal BiFeO3@TpPa‐1‐COF photocatalyst revealed hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2) production rates of 1416.4 and 708.2 μmol h−1 g−1 under the excitation of ultrasonication coupled with light irradiation, which is the best performance among various piezo‐ and COF‐based photocatalysts. This provides a new sight for the practical application of highly efficient photocatalytic overall water splitting.
We combined covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and piezoelectric material by covalent bonds to form a Z‐scheme core@shell heterostructure piezo‐photocatalyst with tunable shell thickness for overall water splitting. The optimal sample reveals the unprecedented H2 and O2 production rates of 1416.4 and 708.2 μmol h−1 g−1 under the excitation of ultrasonication coupled with visible light irradiation.
The trend of aging of the global population is becoming more and more significant, and the incidence of age-related diseases continues to rise.This phenomenon makes the problem of aging gradually ...attracted wide attention of the society, and gradually developed into an independent research field.As a vital defense mechanism of the human body, the immune system changes significantly during the aging process.Age-induced changes in the body's immune system are considered harmful and are commonly referred to as immune aging, which may represent the beginning of systemic aging.Immune cells, especially T cells, are the biggest influencers and participants in age-related deterioration of immune function, making older people more susceptible to different age-related diseases.More and more evidence shows that T cells play an important role in the change of human tissue structure after aging, which fundamentally affects the health and survival of the elderly.In this review, we discuss the general characteristics of age-related T cell immune alterations and the possible effects of aging T cells in various tissue structures in the human body.
Venn diagrams in bioinformatics Jia, Anqiang; Xu, Ling; Wang, Yi
Briefings in bioinformatics,
09/2021, Letnik:
22, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Venn diagrams are widely used tools for graphical depiction of the unions, intersections and distinctions among multiple datasets, and a large number of programs have been developed to generate Venn ...diagrams for applications in various research areas. However, a comprehensive review comparing these tools has not been previously performed. In this review, we collect Venn diagram generators (i.e. tools for visualizing the relationships of input lists within a Venn diagram) and Venn diagram application tools (i.e. tools for analyzing the relationships between biological data and visualizing them in a Venn diagram) to compare their functional capacity as follows: ability to generate high-quality diagrams; maximum datasets handled by each program; input data formats; output diagram styles and image output formats. We also evaluate the picture beautification parameters of the Venn diagram generators in terms of the graphical layout and briefly describe the functional characteristics of the most popular Venn diagram application tools. Finally, we discuss the challenges in improving Venn diagram application tools and provide a perspective on Venn diagram applications in bioinformatics. Our aim is to assist users in selecting suitable tools for analyzing and visualizing user-defined datasets.
Metabolic adaptations can help cancer cells to escape from chemotherapeutics, mainly involving autophagy and ATP production. Herein, we report a new rhein‐based cyclometalated IrIII complex, ...Ir‐Rhein, that can accurately target mitochondria and effectively inhibit metabolic adaptations. The complex Ir‐Rhein induces severe mitochondrial damage and initiates mitophagy to reduce the number of mitochondria and subsequently inhibit both mitochondrial and glycolytic bioenergetics, which eventually leads to ATP starvation death. Moreover, Ir‐Rhein can overcome cisplatin resistance. Co‐incubation experiment, 3D tumor spheroids experiment and transcriptome analysis reveal that Ir‐Rhein shows promising antiproliferation performance for cisplatin‐resistant cancer cells with the regulation of platinum resistance‐related transporters. To our knowledge, this is a new strategy to overcome metallodrug resistance with a mitochondria‐relevant treatment.
A new strategy to fight metallodrug resistance through mitochondria‐relevant treatment is reported. The cyclometalated IrIII complex Ir‐Rhein could inhibit the metabolic adaptation of cancer cells by inducing severe mitochondrial damage and dysfunction. Moreover, complex Ir‐Rhein could overcome metallodrug resistance through the regulation of the platinum resistance‐related transporters.
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