With the development of the times, the financial industry is constantly changing. Blockchain technology continues to play an important role in supply chain finance. The security of the financial ...industry is very important. Blockchain technology can better protect the security of the financial industry, but there are also some risks. We have made a detailed investigation and research on the risk assessment and analysis of blockchain technology in supply chain finance. The research is as follows: (1) the risks under blockchain technology are introduced in detail, and the risks in many aspects are detailed. It is convenient for the public to do a good job in risk control in the use of blockchain finance. (2) The algorithm of the blockchain is used for mining. In finance, the security of privacy is the most important. The differential privacy in the algorithm and the Bc-ppkCa algorithm makes the financial privacy under the blockchain better. It is beneficial for the public to use blockchain technology more efficiently and safely. (3) The financial industry under the blockchain is very complex. Let us take the financial situation under industrial enterprises as an example. Investigate the company’s supply chain financial situation data, and compare the advantages of supply chain finance and the company’s financial situation. It also evaluates the risks generated by supply chain finance and makes corresponding analysis.
Small interfering RNA (siRNA) is an effective therapeutic to regulate the expression of target genes in vitro and in vivo. Constructing a siRNA delivery system with high serum stability, especially ...responsive to endogenous stimuli, remains technically challenging. Herein we develop anti-degradation Y-shaped backbone-rigidified triangular DNA bricks with sticky ends (sticky-YTDBs) and tile them onto a siRNA-packaged gold nanoparticle in a programmed fashion, forming a multi-functional three-dimensional (3D) DNA shell. After aptamers are arranged on the exterior surface, a biocompatible siRNA-encapsulated core/shell nanoparticle, siRNA/Ap-CS, is achieved. SiRNAs are internally encapsulated in a 3D DNA shell and are thus protected from enzymatic degradation by the outermost layer of YTDB. The siRNAs can be released by endogenous miRNA and execute gene silencing within tumor cells, causing cell apoptosis higher than Lipo3000/siRNA formulation. In vivo treatment shows that tumor growth is completely (100%) inhibited, demonstrating unique opportunities for next-generation anticancer-drug carriers for targeted cancer therapies.
Optical control of structural and electronic properties of Weyl semimetals allows development of switchable and dissipationless topological devices at the ultrafast scale. An unexpected ...orbital-selective photoexcitation in type-II Weyl material WTe2 is reported under linearly polarized light (LPL), inducing striking transitions among several topologically-distinct phases mediated by effective electron-phonon couplings. The symmetry features of atomic orbitals comprising the Weyl bands result in asymmetric electronic transitions near the Weyl points, and in turn a switchable interlayer shear motion with respect to linear light polarization, when a near-infrared laser pulse is applied. Consequently, not only annihilation of Weyl quasiparticle pairs, but also increasing separation of Weyl points can be achieved, complementing existing experimental observations. In this work, we provide a new perspective on manipulating the Weyl node singularity and coherent control of electron and lattice quantum dynamics simultaneously.Photoexcitation in Weyl semimetals is recently reported to induce topological phase transitions useful for ultrafast switching devices. Here, the authors predict that the symmetry of the atomic orbitals comprising the Weyl bands in response to linear light polarization allows for not only annihilation but also separation of Weyl quasiparticles.
Geopolymer (also called inorganic polymers) is a kind of amorphous gel material with a 3D structure consisting of SiO4 and AlO4 tetrahedra. It has drawn international attention due to its ...environmental friendliness and excellent performance. This review covers raw materials, preparation methods, and applications of porous geopolymer materials with micropore, mesopore, or macropore. The preparation methods can be divided into five categories: (i) self‐forming method, (ii) direct foaming method, (iii) adding filler method, (iv) particles stacking method, and (v) other methods. In this paper, different raw materials and applications were combined with the preparation methods, and some general conclusions of porous geopolymer were summarized. The applications of porous geopolymer materials in building materials, adsorbents, porous ceramics, membrane separation, catalyst, pH regulator, and other fields were introduced as well.
Palladium-catalyzed asymmetric functionalization of unbiased methylene C(sp3)–H bonds is a long-standing challenge. Here, we report a Pd(ii)-catalyzed highly enantioselective arylation of unbiased ...methylene C(sp3)–H bonds enabled by a strongly coordinating bidentate 2-pyridinylisopropyl (PIP) directing group and an easily accessible 3,3′-F2-BINOL chiral ligand. The use of aryl iodides with the combination of 3,3′-F2-BINOL was beneficial for high enantiocontrol. A range of aliphatic amides and aryl iodides were tolerated, providing the desired arylated products in high enantioselectivities (up to 96% ee). The PIP directing group could be removed under mild conditions without erosion of enantiopurity.
The tumor microenvironment has a profound impact on prognosis and immunotherapy. However, the landscape of the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) microenvironment has not been fully understood.
...Using the largest original multi-omics dataset of TNBC (
= 386), we conducted an extensive immunogenomic analysis to explore the heterogeneity and prognostic significance of the TNBC microenvironment. We further analyzed the potential immune escape mechanisms of TNBC.
The TNBC microenvironment phenotypes were classified into three heterogeneous clusters: cluster 1, the "immune-desert" cluster, with low microenvironment cell infiltration; cluster 2, the "innate immune-inactivated" cluster, with resting innate immune cells and nonimmune stromal cells infiltration; and cluster 3, the "immune-inflamed" cluster, with abundant adaptive and innate immune cells infiltration. The clustering result was validated internally with pathologic sections and externally with The Cancer Genome Atlas and METABRIC cohorts. The microenvironment clusters had significant prognostic efficacy. In terms of potential immune escape mechanisms, cluster 1 was characterized by an incapability to attract immune cells, and
amplification was correlated with low immune infiltration. In cluster 2, chemotaxis but inactivation of innate immunity and low tumor antigen burden might contribute to immune escape, and mutations in the PI3K-AKT pathway might be correlated with this effect. Cluster 3 featured high expression of immune checkpoint molecules.
Our study represents a step toward personalized immunotherapy for patients with TNBC. Immune checkpoint inhibitors might be effective for "immune-inflamed" cluster, and the transformation of "cold tumors" into "hot tumors" should be considered for "immune-desert" and "innate immune-inactivated" clusters.
China's national development strategy now prioritizes environmental protection over economic growth, which has driven a rapid development of China's wastewater sector. In particular, the treatment ...capacity of municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) has been substantially strengthened and stricter effluent quality control enforced. However, the operating performance of most WWTPs is still poor and does not meet the sustainable development demands. In this study, the current status of WWTPs operation in China was comprehensively analyzed, the key barriers to improving the plants operating efficiency were identified by taking into account the different plant scales, geographic distribution, discrepancy between cities and counties, and the influence of environmental policies and supplementary facilities. The underdeveloped sewer network was mainly responsible for the low operating ratios (i.e., utilization degree of the designed treatment capacity) of the plants (76% in counties and 85% in cities) especially for those in north China, although the situation is plant specific because a considerable fraction of plants (19%) are still running under overload condition. Other challenges include the high energy consumption of the plants (0.313 kWh/m3), and severely lagged implementation of sludge disposal (up to 40% sludge was still improperly disposed), arising mainly from the poor management on the sewer and sludge. Lastly, several possible directions of improvement to overcome these barriers were discussed. This work may provide valuable implications for optimizing municipal wastewater management in China towards higher efficiency and sustainability.
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•Current status of municipal WWTPs operation in China was evaluated.•Operation performances in different regions, centralized degrees and plant sizes were specified.•Undeveloped sewers were responsible for low operating ratio of WWTPs.•High energy consumption and laggard sludge disposal restrict the WWTPs upgrading.•Optimizing WWTPs operation requires better technologies and improved management.
Public open spaces are important venues for children's participation in outdoor activities and social life. This study performs a comparative and qualitative review of the tools that can be used to ...audit the environments of children-focused public open spaces. The analysis reviews 25 studies involving 11 tools for comparison. The results reveal that (1) the tools were developed in different fields; (2) the tools use two data resources, field investigation and geographic databases; (3) the tool dimensions are diverse, as are the number of items covered, and are generally related to four categories: surrounding environment and accessibility, activity and perceived safety, children's sports and play opportunities, and aesthetic and comfort of the environment; (4) the reliability of most tools has been verified, with some validity still to be confirmed; (5) there are differences in tool users, settings, and aims. Among the tools, the CPAT and the EAPRS are the most comprehensive. Comparative analysis of the tools provides a reference for studies on children-focused public open spaces and for the development and improvement of corresponding tools in the future.
Abstract
The origin of charge density waves (CDWs) in TiSe
$_{2}$$
2
has long been debated, mainly due to the difficulties in identifying the timescales of the excitonic pairing and electron–phonon ...coupling (EPC). Without a time-resolved and microscopic mechanism, one has to assume simultaneous appearance of CDW and periodic lattice distortions (PLD). Here, we accomplish a complete separation of ultrafast exciton and PLD dynamics and unravel their interplay in our real-time time-dependent density functional theory simulations. We find that laser pulses knock off the exciton order and induce a homogeneous bonding–antibonding transition in the initial 20 fs, then the weakened electronic order triggers ionic movements antiparallel to the original PLD. The EPC comes into play after the initial 20 fs, and the two processes mutually amplify each other leading to a complete inversion of CDW ordering. The self-amplified dynamics reproduces the evolution of band structures in agreement with photoemission experiments. Hence we resolve the key processes in the initial dynamics of CDWs that help elucidate the underlying mechanism.
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