Background
Computed tomography (CT) or MR images may cause the severity of early acute pancreatitis (AP) to be underestimated. As an innovative image analysis method, radiomics may have potential ...clinical value in early prediction of AP severity.
Purpose
To develop a contrast‐enhanced (CE) MRI‐based radiomics model for the early prediction of AP severity.
Study Type
Retrospective.
Subjects
A total of 259 early AP patients were divided into two cohorts, a training cohort (99 nonsevere, 81 severe), and a validation cohort (43 nonsevere, 36 severe).
Field Strength/Sequence
3.0T, T1‐weighted CE‐MRI.
Assessment
Radiomics features were extracted from the portal venous‐phase images. The "Boruta" algorithm was used for feature selection and a support vector machine model was established with optimal features. The MR severity index (MRSI), the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II, and the bedside index for severity in acute pancreatitis (BISAP) were calculated to predict the severity of AP.
Statistical Tests
Independent t‐test, Mann–Whitney U‐test, chi‐square test, Fisher's exact tests, Boruta algorithm, receiver operating characteristic analysis, DeLong test.
Results
Eleven potential features were chosen to develop the radiomics model. In the training cohort, the area under the curve (AUC) of the radiomics model, APACHE II, BISAP, and MRSI were 0.917, 0.750, 0.744, and 0.749, and the P value of AUC comparisons between the radiomics model and scoring systems were all less than 0.001. In the validation cohort, the AUC of the radiomics model, APACHE II, BISAP, and MRSI were 0.848, 0.725, 0.708, and 0.719, respectively, and the P value of AUC comparisons were 0.96 (radiomics vs. APACHE II), 0.40 (radiomics vs. BISAP), and 0.46 (radiomics vs. MRSI).
Data Conclusion
The radiomics model had good performance in the early prediction of AP severity.
Level of Evidence: 3
Technical Efficacy Stage: 2
J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:397–406.
Heavy metal toxicity is one of the main factors that limit crop growth and yield in the world. Salicylic acid (SA) is thought to be a plant hormone that plays an important role in plant growth, ...development, and resistance to abiotic stresses. To uncover the toxic alleviation effects of SA on potato plants to cadmium (Cd) stress, the morphological, physiological, and biochemical indexes including antioxidant defense system were assayed in potato plants under 200 μM Cd stress in 1/2 Hoagland solution with foliar application of 600 μM SA concentration (10 ml/plant). Interestingly, exogenous SA treatment mitigated Cd toxicity by increasing the relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll, proline, and endogenous SA contents along with decline in malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and superoxide anion radicals (O2-). Correspondingly, our study also proved that SA may stimulate the antioxidant enzymatic mechanism pathway including superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1), catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6), ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11), and glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2) in potato plants subjected to Cd stress. Moreover, the expression level of selected genes relate to SA and reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism (StSABP2, StSOD and StAPX) were enhanced in SA-treated potato plants under Cd stress, indicating that SA treatment regulated the expression of these genes, which in turn enhanced potato tolerance to Cd stress. Taken together, our results indicated that exogenous SA can play a positive regulatory role in alleviating Cd toxicity in potato plants.
•Exogenous SA increased RWC and chlorophyll and proline contents under Cd stress.•Exogenous SA increased endogenous SA and improved plant growth under Cd stress.•Exogenous SA reduced MDA, H2O2, and O2- under Cd stress.•Exogenous SA induced the enzymatic antioxidant protection mechanism.
In the present review, the near-infrared (700–1700 nm) emission mechanism, material design and the application of lanthanide-doped nanoconstructs for biomedical imaging are summarized.
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•The development history and the advantages of optical imaging are introduced.•The basic concepts, principles and the existing issues of the optical imaging are summarized.•An summary of breakthroughs in NIR lanthanide-doped nanoconstructs (LDNCs) imaging are given.•Emphasis is put on realizing NIR-based multimode imaging guided therapy.•The future directions, challenges and potential solutions of LDNCs NIR imaging are discussed.
Lanthanide-doped nanoconstructs (LDNCs) have been widely studied in the biomedical field. Especially, LDNCs with near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence show great promise in biological imaging. The fluorescence in the NIR window (700–1700 nm) affords increased tissue penetration due to the reduced light absorption, photon scattering and autofluorescence. Actually, LDNCs with various lanthanide-dopings can emit ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS) and NIR photons through upconversion (UC) and downconversion (DC) processes. Moreover, there are review papers introducing different aspects of bioimaging based on LDNCs. Nevertheless, there has not been a review that systematically summarizes NIR fluorescent LDNCs. Herein, we summarize the recent progress made on NIR fluorescence imaging by highlighting the increasingly developing trend of NIR emitting LDNCs. The NIR emission mechanism of LDNCs activated by different lanthanide ions was discussed in detail, and their advantages as NIR fluorescent probes will be systematically introduced. From the aspect of realizing multimodal imaging, the advances made by combining magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT) and so on with NIR optical imaging were summarized. Finally, we discuss the superiority of NIR-II (1000–1700 nm) emitting LDNCs when applied in biomedical imaging, with an emphasis on how to use them to realize imaging guided cancer therapy.
Metal sulfonate frameworks offer unique properties and enormous potential for proton conduction. This review summarizes the recent progress in this topical field, including sulfonic acid coordinated ...MOFs, sulfate groups encapsulated MOFs and the composite membranes with these MOFs and so on. In-depth disscusses of the relationship of structures and proton conducting properties on such MOFs are presented.
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•Proton conductive metal sulfonate frameworks were reviewed.•MOFs are classified and described according to the type of organic ligands.•Proton conductivity and conducting mechanism were discussed.•The future development trend of such MOFs is prospected.
Since the easy-to-design and customization of structures, guest accessibility of cavities, and functional tunability, MOFs have evolved into a burgeoning type of proton conductors. The sulfonic acid groups in MOFs can not only be used as proton sources but also can be involved in the formation of hydrogen bonds within the frameworks, which is extremely conducive to the efficient transfer of protons. In this review, recent advances of proton conductive sulfonate-based MOFs are provided covering sulfonic acid coordinated MOFs, MOFs encapsulated sulfate groups and the composite membrane contained these MOFs and so on. In-depth discussion of the relationship of structures and proton conducting properties on such MOFs is presented. Perspectives on the opportunities and challenges are proposed and highlighted.
Pressure sensors should have an excellent sensitivity in the range of 0–20 kPa when applied in wearable applications. Traditional pressure sensors cannot achieve both a high sensitivity and a large ...working range simultaneously, which results in their limited applications in wearable fields. There is an urgent need to develop a pressure sensor to make a breakthrough in both sensitivity and working range. In this paper, a graphene-paper pressure sensor that shows excellent performance in the range of 0–20 kPa is proposed. Compared to most reported graphene pressure sensors, this work realizes the optimization of sensitivity and working range, which is especially suitable for wearable applications. We also demonstrate that the pressure sensor can be applied in pulse detection, respiratory detection, voice recognition, as well as various intense motion detections. This graphene-paper pressure sensor will have great potentials for smart wearable devices to achieve health monitoring and motion detection.
Optical fibers are used in communication, biological sensors and chemical sensors. Plasma is considered to be the most abundant common form of matter in the Universe, supporting some phenomena. ...Considering the inhomogeneous effects, we have investigated an
N
-coupled nonautonomous nonlinear Schrödinger system, where
N
is a positive integer. With respect to the simultaneous wave propagation of
N
fields in an optical fiber or a plasma, we construct a Lax pair and
n
-fold Darboux transformation, with which we obtain the first- and second-order breather, and rogue wave solutions, where
n
is a positive integer. Amplitudes of the two solitons change after their interaction, while velocities of the two solitons are unchanged after their interaction via the asymptotic analysis. Characteristics of the breathers are presented. Interactions between the two breathers, and interactions between the first-order rogue waves and breather-like solitons are discussed. We find that the inhomogeneous coefficients in the system under investigation affect the backgrounds, amplitudes and trajectories of the breathers and rogue waves.
Top-down modulation of sensory processing allows the animal to select inputs most relevant to current tasks. We found that the cingulate (Cg) region of the mouse frontal cortex powerfully influences ...sensory processing in the primary visual cortex (V1) through long-range projections that activate local γ-aminobutyric acid–ergic (GABAergic) circuits. Optogenetic activation of Cg neurons enhanced V1 neuron responses and improved visual discrimination. Focal activation of Cg axons in V1 caused a response increase at the activation site but a decrease at nearby locations (center-surround modulation). Whereas somatostatin-positive GABAergic interneurons contributed preferentially to surround suppression, vasoactive intestinal peptide-positive interneurons were crucial for center facilitation. Long-range corticocortical projections thus act through local microcircuits to exert spatially specific top-down modulation of sensory processing.
Rare-earth-based upconversion nanotechnology has recently shown great promise for photodynamic therapy (PDT). However, the NIR-induced PDT is greatly restricted by overheating issues on normal bodies ...and low yields of reactive oxygen species (ROS, 1O2). Here, IR-808-sensitized upconversion nanoparticles (NaGdF4:Yb,Er@NaGdF4:Nd,Yb) were combined with mesoporous silica, which has Ce6 (red-light-excited photosensitizer) and MC540 (green-light-excited photosensitizer) loaded inside through covalent bond and electrostatic interaction, respectively. When irradiated by tissue-penetrable 808 nm light, the IR-808 greatly absorb 808 nm photons and then emit a broadband peak which overlaps perfectly with the absorption of Nd3+ and Yb3+. Thereafter, the Nd3+/Yb3+ incorporated shell synergistically captures the emitted NIR photons to illuminate NaGdF4:Yb,Er zone and then radiate ultrabright green and red emissions. The visible emissions simultaneously activate the dual-photosensitizer to produce a large amount of ROS and, importantly, low heating effects. The in vitro and in vivo experiments indicate that the dual-photosensitizer nanostructure has trimodal (UCL/CT/MRI) imaging functions and high anticancer effectiveness, suggesting its potential clinical application as an imaging-guided PDT technique.
Division of Neurobiology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California
Information in the nervous system may be ...carried by both the rate and timing of neuronal spikes. Recent findings of spike timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) have fueled the interest in the potential roles of spike timing in processing and storage of information in neural circuits. Induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) in a variety of in vitro and in vivo systems has been shown to depend on the temporal order of pre- and postsynaptic spiking. Spike timing-dependent modification of neuronal excitability and dendritic integration was also observed. Such STDP at the synaptic and cellular level is likely to play important roles in activity-induced functional changes in neuronal receptive fields and human perception.
The synergistically enhanced polyurethane (PU) composites, in which the cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) was incorporated, were in situ polymerized and then the increasingly closer grid network structures ...for PU/CNC composites were achieved by adjusting chain extenders and adding different low contents of CNC, due to the introduction of different hard segments or the evolution of spherulites. As a result, the onset of the light transmission of PU elastomers and CNC‐filled composites showed an obvious red shift from UV light to visible light region, which meant that all UV light regions could be shielded entirely. Therefore, compared with Rhodamine B in water solution unprotected, the excellent UV‐light shielding was further verified by the inefficient photodegradation of Rhodamine B in water solution protected by PU‐PDA, PU‐BDI or PU‐PDA/CNC films under UV‐light irradiation. Meanwhile, enhanced light shielding behavior for PU‐PDA composites was observed with adding the CNC fillers. Moreover, the significantly enhanced mechanical properties were achieved, more than two or three times at elastic modulus, tensile strength and elongation at break. Finally, synergistically Enhanced mechanical properties in PU composites were found. Therefore, the study was of great significance in the potential light application.
The microstructure of PU with different extenders and CNC contents resulted in different light properties.
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