We performed a prospective survey on the adverse reactions following the first dose of two types of vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in healthcare workers (HCWs) in South Korea.
...HCWs at a tertiary referral hospital in Seoul, South Korea, received a chimpanzee adenovirus-vectored vaccine (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) or an mRNA-based vaccine (BNT162b2) between March 5 and March 26, 2021. The HCWs were asked to report adverse reactions through a mobile self-report questionnaire for three days after vaccination.
A total of 7,625 HCWs received the first dose of ChAdOx1 or BNT162b2 vaccine during the study period. Of them, 5,866 (76.9%) HCWs (ChAdOx1, n = 5,589 95.3%; BNT162b2, n = 277 4.7%) participated at least once in the survey, of whom 77% were female and 86% were younger than 50 years. The overall adverse reaction rate was 93% in the ChAdOx1 group and 80% in the BNT162b2 group (
< 0.001). Both local and systemic reactions were more commonly reported in the ChAdOx1 group, and the difference was larger in systemic reactions such as fever and fatigue. In the ChAdOx1 group, the incidence of adverse reactions was significantly higher in females and those in the younger age groups, while the BNT162b2 group showed such difference according to age.
In our prospective survey, vaccine-associated adverse reactions were more commonly reported in the ChAdOx1 group than in the BNT162b2 group. Females and younger age groups experienced vaccine-associated adverse reactions more frequently.
This paper presents analytic and experimental comparisons for high-efficiency class-F and inverse class-F amplifiers. The analytic formula of the efficiencies, output powers, dc power dissipations, ...and fundamental load impedances of both amplifiers are derived from the ideal current and voltage waveforms. Based on the formula, the performances are compared with a reasonable condition: fundamental output power levels of class-F and inverse class-F amplifiers are conditioned to be identical. The results show that the inverse class-F amplifier has better efficiency than that of class-F amplifiers as the on-resistance of the transistor increases. For experimental comparison, we have designed and implemented the class-F and inverse class-F amplifiers at I-GHz band using a GaAs MESFET and analyzed the measured performances. Experimental results shows 10% higher power-added efficiency of the inverse class-F amplifier than that of the class-F amplifier, which verifies the waveform analysis.
A free-standing catalyst electrode for the urea oxidation reaction (UOR) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in a urea electrolysis cell was synthesized by electroplating a Ni-Fe alloy onto carbon ...felt, followed by phosphidation (P-NiFe@CF). The prepared P-NiFe@CF catalyst consisted of Ni
P
, NiP
, and FeP with 3D flower-like P-NiFe architecture on CF. P-NiFe@CF exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity for the UOR (demanding only 1.39 V (vs. RHE) to achieve 200 mA cm
), and for the HER with a low overpotential of 0.023 V (vs. RHE) at 10 mA cm
, indicating its feasibility as a bifunctional catalyst electrode for urea electrolysis. A urea electrolysis cell with P-NiFe@CF as both the free-standing anode and cathode generated a current density of 10 mA cm
at a cell potential of 1.37 V (vs. RHE), which is considerably lower than that of water electrolysis, and also lower than previously reported values. The results indicate that the P-NiFe@CF catalyst electrodes can be used as free-standing bifunctional electrodes for urea electrolyzers.
Tall cell carcinoma with reversed polarity (TCCRP) of breast is a rare subtype of breast cancer, which show tall and columnar cells with nuclei of reversed polarity, resembles tall cell variant in ...papillary thyroid cancer. Only 78 cases in 20 published studies had been reported by 2021. TCCRP was recently included as a separate subgroup of rare tumors in the World Health Organization Blue Book Classification of breast tumors (5th edition). We describe a TCCRP case in a 64‐year‐old woman with detailed radiologic features including quantitative ultrasonography.
Tall cell carcinoma with reversed polarity (TCCRP) of the breast is a rare subtype of invasive breast carcinoma. It was only 78 cases in 20 published studies had been reported by 2021. Here, we describe a case of TCCRP in a 64‐year‐old woman with detailed radiologic findings.
The objective of our study is to assess the usefulness of breast MRI for the evaluation of malignant invasion of the nipple-areolar complex.
Breast MRI findings of 51 pathologically proven breast ...cancer lesions, which were within 2 cm distance from the nipple-areolar complex on sonography, were reviewed retrospectively. Breast MRI examinations were retrospectively reviewed for nipple inversion or retraction, periareolar skin thickening, nipple-areolar complex enhancement, relationship to the subareolar mass, malignant mass pattern, thickness of nipple-areolar complex enhancement, tumor-nipple distance, and tumor size and were correlated with the pathologic findings. The characteristic findings of Paget disease were reviewed. Mammography was reviewed independently without the knowledge of MRI findings.
A statistically significant correlation was found between nipple-areolar complex enhancement and malignant invasion of the nipple-areolar complex, with a sensitivity of 93.8% and a specificity of 85.7%. On the basis of univariate and multivariate analyses, nipple-areolar complex enhancement and thickness of the nipple-areolar complex enhancement correlated significantly with pathologic invasion of the nipple-areolar complex (p < 0.001). Paget disease was confirmed in 63% of the lesions, and all cases of Paget disease revealed nipple-areolar complex enhancement on MRI. No statistically significant correlations were observed between the mammographic findings and malignant invasion of the nipple-areolar complex (p > 0.05).
MRI is a useful method for the evaluation of malignant invasion of the nipple-areolar complex. Nipple-areolar complex enhancement with thickening could suggest the possibility of nipple involvement.
Recently, aspheric lenses have been developed to correct various aberrations and to produce optical elements with various functions. In particular, efforts have focused on fabrication miniaturized ...and compact elements that make the use of flat, diffractive optical elements such as zone plates to replace conventional lenses. Direct laser lithography is one of the typical methods used to manufacture such diffraction optical elements. By using a high magnification objective lens, it generates a laser beam with a spot size of less than 1 μm at the focal point. To produce a pattern, such as a diffraction grating, a chromium-coated surface is controllably exposed to this light. In this study, the process conditions for fabricating a zone plate using a direct laser lithography were studied by using an air-bearing type linear
XY
stage which can easily make various patterns including a zone plate array. The previous studies using a polar coordinate lithographic system have an advantage for fabricating the circular type zone plate because the system uses a rotational stage. It, however, is not proper to fabricate an array type diffractive optics element. In this study, we used a rectangular type lithographic system by using an
XY
stage and tested the fabrication issues such as a runout error. The optical performance of the zone plate array fabricated by the suggested method was also verified by experimental evaluation.
This paper describes a new design approach for a power amplifier (PA) of the highly efficient hybrid envelope elimination and restoration (H-EER) transmitter. Since the PA operates mostly at the ...average power region of the modulation signal, power-added efficiency (PAE) of the PA at the average drain voltage is very important for the overall transmitter PAE. Accordingly, the PA is designed to have a maximum PAE in that region. The performances of the proposed PA and a conventional PA under H-EER operation are evaluated via ADS and MatLab simulations using a behavioral large-signal model of a silicon LDMOSFET, which verifies that the proposed PA has significant advantages for the H-EER transmitter in both PAE and output power. A saturated amplifier, inverse class F, has been implemented using a 5-W peak envelope power LDMOSFET for 3GPP forward-link single-carrier wideband code-division multiple-access at 1 GHz with a peak-to-average power ratio of 9.8 dB. An envelope amplifier is built that has an efficiency of above 68% and peak output voltage of 31 V for an interlock experiment. The overall PAE of the transmitter with a conventional PA is 35.5% at an output power of 29.2 dBm. On the other hand, the transmitter with the proposed PA delivers significantly improved performances: PAE increased by 4% and output power by 2.5 dB. The H-EER transmitter has been linearized by the digital feedback predistortion technique. The measured error vector magnitude is reduced to 1.47% from 6.4%. These results clearly show that the proposed architecture is a good candidate for efficient linear transmitters.
Primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a glomerular disease that sometimes recurs in patients after kidney transplantation (KT) and increases the risk of graft loss. Proteinuria is a ...common early sign of recurrent FSGS, but an abrupt decrease in urine volume is rare. Herein, we report a patient with early recurrence of FSGS with anuria following KT.
A 55-year-old man with end-stage kidney disease caused by primary FSGS experienced anuria on postoperative day 2 following deceased donor KT. Laboratory results revealed that serum tacrolimus trough levels were consistently elevated at the time of anuria. At first, we considered acute calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) nephrotoxicity based on graft biopsy on light microscopy, laboratory findings, and clinical courses. However, the allograft function did not recover even after discontinuation of CNI, and recurrent FSGS was diagnosed 2 weeks later on electron microscopy. A total of 13 sessions of plasmapheresis and two administrations of rituximab (375 mg/m
) were required to treat recurrent FSGS. The patient achieved a partial response, and the spot urine protein-to-creatinine ratio decreased from 15.5 g/g creatinine to 5.2 g/g creatinine. At 5 months following KT, the serum creatinine level was stable at 1.15 mg/dL.
These findings highlight that anuria can occur in cases of early recurrence of FSGS combined with acute CNI nephrotoxicity.
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