The purpose of exploring the application of computer-aided design technology in industrial product design is to realize the diversification of industrial product design and meet the personalized ...customization needs of customers. Starting from computer-aided technology, this paper illustrates the optimization of CAD design by using a genetic algorithm and constructs a bipolar progressive interactive genetic algorithm using bipolar progressive ranking and fuzzy fitness jointly. Genetic algorithm genotypes in CAD process product design are defined, and a comparative evaluation experimental analysis of industrial product design is performed with the AR-IGA algorithm. Regarding the number of iterations, the average number of iterations for the AR-IGA algorithm to complete the color-matching design of process products among ten testers was 9.34, which was 36.42% lower than that of the TIGA algorithm. The average evaluation elapsed time of the AR-IGA algorithm was 246.9s, which was 24.12% less than the average evaluation elapsed time of the TIGA algorithm. This shows that computer-aided technology optimized by genetic algorithms can effectively improve the efficiency of industrial product design and satisfy more customers to realize personalized design simultaneously.
ABSTRACT Diffuse striations in molecular clouds are preferentially aligned with local magnetic fields, whereas dense filaments tend to be perpendicular to them. When and why this transition occurs ...remain uncertain. To explore the physics behind this transition, we compute the histogram of relative orientation (HRO) between the density gradient and the magnetic field in three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of prestellar core formation in shock-compressed regions within giant molecular clouds. We find that, in the magnetically dominated (sub-Alfvénic) post-shock region, the gas structure is preferentially aligned with the local magnetic field. For overdense sub-regions with super-Alfvénic gas, their elongation becomes preferentially perpendicular to the local magnetic field. The transition occurs when self-gravitating gas gains enough kinetic energy from the gravitational acceleration to overcome the magnetic support against the cross-field contraction, which results in a power-law increase of the field strength with density. Similar results can be drawn from HROs in projected two-dimensional maps with integrated column densities and synthetic polarized dust emission. We quantitatively analyze our simulated polarization properties, and interpret the reduced polarization fraction at high column densities as the result of increased distortion of magnetic field directions in trans- or super-Alfvénic gas. Furthermore, we introduce measures of the inclination and tangledness of the magnetic field along the line of sight as the controlling factors of the polarization fraction. Observations of the polarization fraction and angle dispersion can therefore be utilized in studying local magnetic field morphology in star-forming regions.
Smart wearables are receiving increasing attention. Different forms of wearables have a wide range of power requirements, and lithium-ion batteries are now the most popular energy storage option. ...This paper discusses the trends and challenges of smart wearables. Future wearable technology will be more compact and integrated. For the specificity of future wearables, new energy harvesting technologies that are more practical, durable, and ecologically beneficial are needed. This paper summarizes the research on the human body and environment based energy harvesting techniques, including solar, thermal, Radio frequency (RF) energy, kinetic energy, and biomass energy. We deeply analyze the application potential and limitations of each new energy harvesting technology and summarize the relationship between the energy required by wearables and the new energy harvesting systems. Solar and kinetic energy generation technologies have higher energy density and are suitable for application in outdoor sports wearables. RF energy, thermal energy, and biomass energy have less energy dense and can be used as auxiliary power sources for small wearables. The combination of the energy harvesting system and the micro energy storage unit enables the continuous power supply of wearables in different circumstances of daytime, nighttime, indoor and outdoor. The significance of this work stems from providing guidance for future energy supply methods of wearables.
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•A summary of the specifications and energy consumption of popular smart wearables.•Introduces the classification of smart wearables and predicts future trends.•Reviews the external and human energy harvesting methods applicable to wearables.•Combination schemes and applicability of energy harvesting methods are discussed.•Micro-supercapacitors are considered for energy storage of smart wearables.
HH 212 is a nearby (400 pc) Class 0 protostellar system recently found to host a "hamburger"-shaped dusty disk with a radius of ∼60 au, deeply embedded in an infalling-rotating flattened envelope. We ...have spatially resolved this envelope-disk system with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array at up to ∼16 au (0 04) resolution. The envelope is detected in HCO+ J = 4-3 down to the dusty disk. Complex organic molecules (COMs) and doubly deuterated formaldehyde (D2CO) are detected above and below the dusty disk within ∼40 au of the central protostar. The COMs are methanol (CH3OH), deuterated methanol (CH2DOH), methyl mercaptan (CH3SH), and formamide (NH2CHO, a prebiotic precursor). We have modeled the gas kinematics in HCO+ and COMs and found a centrifugal barrier (CB) at a radius of ∼44 au, within which a Keplerian rotating disk is formed. This indicates that HCO+ traces the infalling-rotating envelope down to the CB and COMs trace the atmosphere of a Keplerian rotating disk within the CB. The COMs are spatially resolved for the first time, both radially and vertically, in the atmosphere of a disk in the earliest, Class 0 phase of star formation. Our spatially resolved observations of COMs favor their formation in the disk rather than a rapidly infalling (warm) inner envelope. The abundances and spatial distributions of the COMs provide strong constraints on models of their formation and transport in low-mass star formation.
Single‐atom catalysts affording multifarious typed metal centers and varied coordination numbers are extensively employed in Li−S realm to promote redox kinetics. Nevertheless, the modulation of ...coordination environment pertaining to local atomic composition to dictate the catalytic efficiency toward sulfur electrochemistry, has remains meaningful yet unexplored thus far. In this contribution, a new type of single‐atomic iron mediator with a designed FeN3P1 coordination structure is reported to boost bidirectional polysulfide conversion in comparison with FeN4 counterpart. Theoretical calculations imply that the substitution by one P atom at the first‐coordination shell of Fe center will be beneficial to strengthen adsorption toward sulfur species and reduce energy barrier for Li2S decomposition. The bidirectional electrocatalytic behavior for polysulfide conversion via FeN3P1 mediator is confirmed by electrokinetic analysis. Consequently, the constructed Li−S battery achieves elongated lifespan with a capacity decay of 0.04% per cycle at 1.0 C and exhibits considerable capacity release of 6.2 mAh cm−2 even under a sulfur loading of 6.4 mg cm−2. This strategy of local composition engineering offers a vivid example in probing the correlation between the definitive structure of single atoms and their catalytic performance in Li−S chemistry.
Single‐atomic Fe moiety affording engineered local coordination chemistry is designed to boost bidirectional polysulfide conversion for Li−S batteries, readily achieving an areal capacity of 6.2 mAh cm−2 even under a sulfur loading of 6.4 mg cm−2.
We present 870 m ALMA dust polarization observations of 10 young Class 0/I protostars in the Perseus Molecular Cloud. At ∼0 35 (80 au) resolution, all of our sources show some degree of polarization, ...with most (9/10) showing significantly extended emission in the polarized continuum. Each source has incredibly intricate polarization signatures. In particular, all three disk-candidates have polarization vectors roughly along the minor axis, which is indicative of polarization produced by dust scattering. On ∼100 au scales, the polarization is at a relatively low level ( 1%) and is quite ordered. In sources with significant envelope emission, the envelope is typically polarized at a much higher ( 5%) level and has a far more disordered morphology. We compute the cumulative probability distributions for both the small (disk-scale) and large (envelope-scale) polarization percentage. We find that the two are intrinsically different, even after accounting for the different detection thresholds in the high/low surface brightness regions. We perform Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Anderson-Darling tests on the distributions of angle offsets of the polarization from the outflow axis. We find disk-candidate sources are different from the non-disk-candidate sources. We conclude that the polarization on the 100 au scale is consistent with the signature of dust scattering for disk-candidates and that the polarization on the envelope-scale in all sources may come from another mechanism, most likely magnetically aligned grains.
Achilles tendinopathy is one of the most frequently ankle and foot overuse injuries, which is a clinical syndrome characterized by the combination of pain, swelling, and impaired performance. The two ...main categories of Achilles tendinopathy are classified according to anatomical location and broadly include insertional and noninsertional tendinopathy. The etiology of Achilles tendinopathy is multifactorial including both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Failed healing response and degenerative changes were found in the tendon. The failed healing response includes three different and continuous stages (reactive tendinopathy, tendon disrepair, and degenerative tendinopathy). The histological studies have demonstrated an increased number of tenocytes and concentration of glycosaminoglycans in the ground substance, disorganization and fragmentation of the collagen, and neovascularization. There are variable conservative and surgical treatment options for Achilles tendinopathy. However, there has not been a gold standard of these treatments because of the controversial clinical results between various studies. In the future, new level I researches will be needed to prove the effect of these treatment options.
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is associated with various health benefits. In this review, we searched current work about the effects of EGCG and its wound dressings on skin for wound healing. ...Hydrogels, nanoparticles, micro/nanofiber networks and microneedles are the major types of EGCG-containing wound dressings. The beneficial effects of EGCG and its wound dressings at different stages of skin wound healing (hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation and tissue remodeling) were summarized based on the underlying mechanisms of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, angiogenesis and antifibrotic properties. This review expatiates on the rationale of using EGCG to promote skin wound healing and prevent scar formation, which provides a future clinical application direction of EGCG.
Emission from protostars at centimeter radio wavelengths has been shown to trace the free-free emission arising from ionizing shocks as a result of jets and outflows driven by protostars. Therefore, ...measuring properties of protostars at radio frequencies can provide valuable insights into the nature of their outflows and jets. We present a C-band (4.1 and 6.4 cm) survey of all known protostars (Class 0 and Class I) in Perseus as part of the VLA Nascent Disk and Multiplicity (VANDAM) Survey. We examine the known correlations between radio flux density and protostellar parameters, such as bolometric luminosity and outflow force, for our sample. We also investigate the relationship between radio flux density and far-infrared line luminosities from Herschel. We show that free-free emission most likely originates from J-type shocks; however, the large scatter indicates that those two types of emission probe different time and spatial scales. Using C-band fluxes, we removed an estimation of free-free contamination from the corresponding Ka-band (9 mm) flux densities that primarily probe dust emission from embedded disks. We find that the compact (<1″) dust emission is lower for Class I sources (median dust mass 96 M⊕) relative to Class 0 (248 M⊕), but several times higher than in Class II (5-15 M⊕). If this compact dust emission is tracing primarily the embedded disk, as is likely for many sources, this result provides evidence of decreasing disk masses with protostellar evolution, with sufficient mass for forming giant planet cores primarily at early times.
Genotype imputation Li, Yun; Willer, Cristen; Sanna, Serena ...
Annual review of genomics and human genetics,
01/2009, Letnik:
10, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Genotype imputation is now an essential tool in the analysis of genome-wide association scans. This technique allows geneticists to accurately evaluate the evidence for association at genetic markers ...that are not directly genotyped. Genotype imputation is particularly useful for combining results across studies that rely on different genotyping platforms but also increases the power of individual scans. Here, we review the history and theoretical underpinnings of the technique. To illustrate performance of the approach, we summarize results from several gene mapping studies. Finally, we preview the role of genotype imputation in an era when whole genome resequencing is becoming increasingly common.
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