In daily life and sports activities, the knee joint is the dominant joint. Movements such as walking upstairs, running, and walking require the knee joint to function. The principle of tissue ...engineering and the technical methods of molecular biology to construct functional meniscus replacement products
in vitro
have become an ideal method to fundamentally solve the meniscus injury. This paper aims to study the application of tissue engineered nanomaterials in meniscal sports injury repair. In this paper, KOA exercise therapy based on Kalman filter theory is proposed, which has a great effect on the rehabilitation of bone tissue injuries. The experimental results of this paper show that in the number of people with meniscus injuries in 2013, the percentage of people younger than 25 years old was 13%, and the percentage of people younger than 25 years old in 2020 was 12%, which did not change much. However, the percentage of people over 40 years old was 57% in 2013, and by 2020, the percentage is 66%. Although the increase is not large, the percentage of people over the age of 40 is the highest every year, which means that older people have a higher proportion of meniscal injuries.
Lewis acids are shown to react with water, forming a complex with Brønsted acidity able to effectively dope semiconducting polymers through backbone protonation and internal charge transfer.
Sustained cardiac hypertrophy accompanied by maladaptive cardiac remodelling represents an early event in the clinical course leading to heart failure. Maladaptive hypertrophy is considered to be a ...therapeutic target for heart failure. However, the molecular mechanisms that regulate cardiac hypertrophy are largely unknown.
Here we show that a circular RNA (circRNA), which we term heart-related circRNA (HRCR), acts as an endogenous miR-223 sponge to inhibit cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. miR-223 transgenic mice developed cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure, whereas miR-223-deficient mice were protected from hypertrophic stimuli, indicating that miR-223 acts as a positive regulator of cardiac hypertrophy. We identified ARC as a miR-223 downstream target to mediate the function of miR-223 in cardiac hypertrophy. Apoptosis repressor with CARD domain transgenic mice showed reduced hypertrophic responses. Further, we found that a circRNA HRCR functions as an endogenous miR-223 sponge to sequester and inhibit miR-223 activity, which resulted in the increase of ARC expression. Heart-related circRNA directly bound to miR-223 in cytoplasm and enforced expression of HRCR in cardiomyocytes and in mice both exhibited attenuated hypertrophic responses.
These findings disclose a novel regulatory pathway that is composed of HRCR, miR-223, and ARC. Modulation of their levels provides an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small single-stranded and highly conserved non-coding RNAs, which are closely linked to cardiac disorders such as myocardial infarction (MI), cardiomyocyte ...hypertrophy, and heart failure. A growing number of studies have demonstrated that miRNAs determine the fate of the heart by regulating cardiac cell death and regeneration after MI. A deep understanding of the pathophysiology of miRNA dependent regulatory pathways in these processes is required. The role of miRNAs as diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic targets also needs to be explored in order to utilize them in clinical settings. This review summarizes the role of miRNAs in myocardial infarction and focuses mainly on their influence on cardiomyocyte regeneration and cell death including apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy. In addition, the targets of pro- and anti-MI miRNAs are comparatively described. In particular, the possibilities of miRNA-based diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for myocardial infarction are discussed in this review.
Automatically accomplishing intelligent fashion design with certain 'inspiration' images can greatly facilitate a designer's design process, as well as allow users to interactively participate in the ...process. In this research, we propose a generative adversarial network with heatmap-guided semantic disentanglement (HSD-GAN) to perform an 'intelligent' design with 'inspiration' transfer. Our model aims to learn how to integrate the feature representations, from the styles of both source fashion items and target fashion items, in an unsupervised manner. Specifically, a semantic disentanglement attention-based encoder is proposed to capture the most discriminative regions of different input fashion items and disentangle the features into two key factors: attribute and texture. A generator is then developed to synthesize mixed-style fashion items by utilizing the two factors. In addition, a heatmap-based patch loss is introduced to evaluate the visual-semantic matching degree between the texture of the generated fashion items and the input texture information. Extensive experimental results show that our proposed HSD-GAN consistently achieves superior performance, compared to other state-of-the-art methods.
In the past few years, many studies have reported that the transcription factor Nuclear Factor Y (NF‐Y) gene family plays important roles in embryonic development, photosynthesis, flowering time ...regulation and stress response, in various plants. Although the NF‐Y gene family has been systematically studied in many species, little is known about NF‐Y genes in Populus. In this study, the NF‐Y gene family in the Populus genome was identified and its structural characteristics were described. Fifty‐two NF‐Y genes were authenticated in the Populus trichocarpa genome and categorized into three subfamilies (NF‐YA/B/C) by phylogenetic analysis. Chromosomal localization of these genes revealed that they were distributed randomly across 17 of the 19 chromosomes. Segmental duplication played a vital role in the amplification of Populus NF‐Y gene family. Moreover, microsynteny analysis indicated that, among Populus trichocarpa, Arabidopsis thaliana, Vitis vinifera and Carica papaya, NF‐Y duplicated regions were more conserved between Populus trichocarpa and Vitis vinifera. Redundant stress‐related cis‐elements were also found in the promoters of most 13 NF‐YA genes and their expression levels varied widely following drought, salt, ABA and cold treatments. Subcellular localization experiments in tobacco showed that PtNF‐YA3 was localized in nucleus and cytomembrane, while PtNF‐YA4 was only in the nucleus in tobacco. According to the transcriptional activity experiments, neither of them had transcriptional activity in yeast. In summary, a comprehensive analysis of the Populus NF‐Y gene family was performed to establish a theoretical basis for further functional studies on this family.
Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second most common form of dementia worldwide. It is caused by cerebrovascular disease, and patients often show severe impairments of advanced cognitive abilities. ...Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and nitric oxide (NO) play vital roles in the pathogenesis of VaD. The functions of NO are determined by its concentration and bioavailability, which are regulated by NOS activity. The activities of different NOS subtypes in the brain are partitioned. Pathologically, endothelial NOS is inactivated, which causes insufficient NO production and aggravates oxidative stress before inducing cerebrovascular endothelial dysfunction, while neuronal NOS is overactive and can produce excessive NO to cause neurotoxicity. Meanwhile, inflammation stimulates the massive expression of inducible NOS, which also produces excessive NO and then induces neuroinflammation. The vicious circle of these kinds of damage having impacts on each other finally leads to VaD. This review summarizes the roles of the NOS/NO pathway in the pathology of VaD and also proposes some potential therapeutic methods that target this pathway in the hope of inspiring novel ideas for VaD therapeutic approaches.
The basal ganglia neural circuit plays an important role in motor control. Despite the significant efforts, the understanding of the principles and underlying mechanisms of this modulatory circuit ...and the emergence of abnormal synchronized oscillations in movement disorders is still challenging. Dopamine loss has been proved to be responsible for Parkinson's disease. We quantitatively described the dynamics of the basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical circuit in Parkinson's disease in terms of the emergence of both abnormal firing rates and firing patterns in the circuit. We developed a potential landscape and flux framework for exploring the modulatory circuit. The driving force of the circuit can be decomposed into a gradient of the potential, which is associated with the steady-state probability distributions, and the curl probability flux term. We uncovered the underlying potential landscape as a Mexican hat-shape closed ring valley where abnormal oscillations emerge due to dopamine depletion. We quantified the global stability of the network through the topography of the landscape in terms of the barrier height, which is defined as the potential difference between the maximum potential inside the ring and the minimum potential along the ring. Both a higher barrier and a larger flux originated from detailed balance breaking result in more stable oscillations. Meanwhile, more energy is consumed to support the increasing flux. Global sensitivity analysis on the landscape topography and flux indicates how changes in underlying neural network regulatory wirings and external inputs influence the dynamics of the system. We validated two of the main hypotheses(direct inhibition hypothesis and output activation hypothesis) on the therapeutic mechanism of deep brain stimulation (DBS). We found GPe appears to be another effective stimulated target for DBS besides GPi and STN. Our approach provides a general way to quantitatively explore neural networks and may help for uncovering more efficacious therapies for movement disorders.
Mammalian cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels play an essential role in the signal transduction of the visual and olfactory sensory systems. Here we reveal the structural mechanism of ligand ...gating in human rod CNGA1 channel by determining its cryo-EM structures in both the apo closed and cGMP-bound open states. Distinct from most other members of voltage-gated tetrameric cation channels, CNGA1 forms a central channel gate in the middle of the membrane, occluding the central cavity. Structural analyses of ion binding profiles in the selectivity filters of the wild-type channel and the E365Q filter mutant allow us to unambiguously define the two Ca2+ binding sites inside the selectivity filter, providing structural insights into Ca2+ blockage and permeation in CNG channels. The structure of the E365Q mutant also reveals two alternative side-chain conformations at Q365, providing a plausible explanation for the voltage-dependent gating of CNG channel acquired upon E365 mutation.
•Structures of human CNGA1 channel in ligand-bound open and apo closed states•Reveal the structural mechanism of cGMP-dependent gating in CNGA1•Define the Ca2+ binding sites within the selectivity filter of CNGA1
Xue et al. present the high-resolution structures of human rod CNGA1 in the presence and absence of cGMP ligand. These structures reveal how cGMP regulates the opening and closing of the channel. The study also provides structural insights into Ca2+ blockage and permeation in CNG channels.
Dual‐atom site catalysts (DACs) have emerged as a new frontier in heterogeneous catalysis because the synergistic effect between adjacent metal atoms can promote their catalytic activity while ...maintaining the advantages of single‐atom site catalysts (SACs), like 100 % atomic utilization efficiency and excellent selectivity. Herein, a supported Pd2 DAC was synthesized and used for electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) for the first time. The as‐obtained Pd2 DAC exhibited superior CO2RR catalytic performance with 98.2 % CO faradic efficiency at −0.85 V vs. RHE, far exceeding that of Pd1 SAC, and coupled with long‐term stability. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that the intrinsic reason for the superior activity of Pd2 DAC toward CO2RR was the electron transfer between Pd atoms at the dimeric Pd sites. Thus, Pd2 DAC possessed moderate adsorption strength of CO*, which was beneficial for CO production in CO2RR.
A supported Pd2 dual‐atom site catalyst (DAC) was synthesized and used for electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). It exhibited superior CO2RR catalytic performance with 98.2 % CO faradic efficiency at −0.85 V vs. RHE, far exceeding that of Pd1 SAC, and coupled with long‐term stability.
PDF
