Summary
N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation, one of the most pivotal internal modifications of RNA, is a conserved post‐transcriptional mechanism to enrich and regulate genetic information in ...eukaryotes. The scope and function of this modification in plants has been an intense focus of study, especially in model plant systems. The characterization of plant m6A writers, erasers and readers, as well as the elucidation of their functions, is currently one of the most fascinating hotspots in plant biology research. The functional analysis of m6A in plants will be booming in the foreseeable future, which could contribute to crop genetic improvement through epitranscriptome manipulation. In this review, we systematically analysed and summarized recent advances in the understanding of the structure and composition of plant m6A regulatory machinery, and the biological functions of m6A in plant growth, development and stress response. Finally, our analysis showed that the evolutionary relationships between m6A modification components were highly conserved across the plant kingdom.
Abstract
BACKGROUND
The differentiation between intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) and intracranial embolism as the immediate cause of acute ischemic stroke requiring endovascular therapy ...is important but challenging. In cases of ICAS, we often observe a phenomenon we call the microcatheter “first-pass effect,” which is temporary blood flow through the occluded intracranial artery when the angiographic microcatheter is initially advanced through the site of total occlusion and immediately retrieved proximally.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate whether this microcatheter first-pass effect can be used to differentiate ICAS from intracranial embolism.
METHODS
A total of 61 patients with acute ischemic stroke resulting from large intracranial artery occlusion and in whom recanalization was achieved by endovascular treatment were included in the study. The microcatheter first-pass effect was tested in these patients. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values (PPV), and accuracy of the microcatheter first-pass effect for prediction of ICAS were assessed.
RESULTS
The microcatheter first-pass effect was more frequently observed in patients with ICAS than in those with intracranial embolism (90.9% vs 12.8%, P < .001). For identifying ICAS, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and accuracy of the microcatheter first-pass effect were 90.9%, 87.2%, 80.0%, 88.5%, respectively.
CONCLUSION
The sensitivity and PPV of the microcatheter first-pass effect are high for prediction of ICAS in patients with acute symptoms.
Overexpression of Jumonji domain-containing 6 (JMJD6) has been reported to be associated with more aggressive breast cancer characteristics. However, the precise role of JMJD6 in breast cancer ...development remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that JMJD6 has intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity and can utilize ATP and GTP as phosphate donors to phosphorylate Y39 of histone H2A.X (H2A.X
). High JMJD6 levels promoted autophagy in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells by regulating the expression of autophagy-related genes. The JMJD6-H2A.X
axis promoted TNBC cell growth via the autophagy pathway. We show that combined inhibition of JMJD6 kinase activity and autophagy efficiently decreases TNBC growth. Together, these findings suggest an effective strategy for TNBC treatment.
•Se vacancy-rich NiMoSe nanowire skeleton was constructed on NF.•NiAl-LDH nanosheets were grown around the nimose skeletons to form core-shell structure.•NiMoSe@LDH cathode had high specific capacity ...of 1381.1 C g−1.•NiMoSe@LDH//AC delivered the energy density of 50.2 wh kg−1 at 800 w kg−1.
As promising electrode materials, transition metal selenides show great potential applications in energy storage devices. Here self-supported Ni0.85Se nanowires with Se vacancies (denoted as NiMoSe) on NF were synthesized by a solvothermal route and post-selenization using NiMoO4 as the precursor, which electrochemical performance was optimized by adjusting the Se feeding during the selenization. Whereas, the supercapacitive properties of the optimal NiMoSe need to be further improved for achieving higher rate capability and electrochemical stability. So, an efficient strategy was proposed to improve the electrochemical performance through welding the NiAl hydrotalcite (NiAl-LDH) nanosheets on the NiMoSe surface to construct a novel 1D-2D-3D hierarchical core-shell material (NiMoSe@LDH), which provided more active sites and ensured a high rate-capability and long-term stability. Benefiting from the synergistic effect between NiMoSe nanowires core and NiAl-LDH shell, the NiMoSe@LDH delivered a favorable specific charge of 1381.1 C g−1 at 1 A g−1 with impressive rate capability and cyclic stability (85.2% retention after 5 000 cycles at 5 A g−1). Furthermore, the as-assembled NiMoSe@LDH//AC afforded a high energy density of 50.2 Wh kg–1 at a power density of 800 W kg–1 and good cycling stability (86.5% retention at 5 A g−1 after 10 000 cycles) compared to the NiMoSe//AC (36.3 Wh kg–1 at 800 W kg–1, 77.3% retention). This work provides a new strategy for the design of high-performance transition metal selenides in next-generation energy storage devices.
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•Tire additives and transformation products are ubiquitous in urban water system.•1,3-Diphenylguanidine and some transformation products are the dominant compounds in most ...samples.•6PPD-Quinone is firstly reported in surface water and drinking water treatment plant in China.•Surface runoff and wastewater treatment plants as sources of tire additives in urban water systems.•6PPD-Quinone and N,N'-Di-2-naphthyl-p-phenylenediamine displayed high ecological risks in some sites of surface water.
Tire wear particles (TWPs) enter road surface with the friction between tires and road surfaces. Under the volatilization, leaching, and transformation action on TWPs by sunlight and rain, tire additives are released into urban water systems, such as surface rainfall runoff, wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), receiving surface waters, and drinking water treatment plant (DWTP). In this study, we investigated the occurrence of 23 tire additives and their transformation products in the urban water system of the Pearl River Delta region, South China. Nineteen target compounds were detected in the surface runoff, with 1,3-Diphenylguanidine (DPG) showing highest maximum concentration of 58780 ng/L. Benzothiazole and its transformation products are detected at the frequency of 100 % with the total concentrations of 480–42160 ng/L. The antioxidant derivative N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine-quinone (6PPD-Q) was also detected up to 1562 ng/L, which was considerably higher than that of the parent compound 6PPD (the maximum concentration of 7.52 ng/L). Eleven and 8 compounds were detected in WWTPs influents and effluents, respectively, with removal rates of − 62–100 %. Seventeen compounds were detected in the receiving Zhujiang and Dongjiang rivers, while 9 compounds were detected in drinking water sources and DWTP samples. Road runoff, with total concentrations of target compounds up to 79200 ng/L, is suggested as the main non-point source for receiving rivers, while WWTPs effluents are the point sources due to incomplete removal of target compounds after accepting the initial runoff. 6PPD-Q and other 10 compounds displayed median to high ecological risks in surface waters, and the human daily intake of tire additives was estimated to be 2.63 × 10−8-3.16 × 10−5 mg/(kg d) via drinking water. This is the first report of the 6PPD-Q and 1,3-Diphenylurea levels in surface waters in China.
Schistosomiasis is one of the world's major public health problems in terms of morbidity and mortality, causing granulomatous inflammation and cumulative fibrosis. This study explored in vivo and ...vitro effects of miR‐29b‐3p in granulomatous liver fibrosis by targeting COL1A1 and COL3A1 in Schistosoma japonicum infection. Thirty male Balb/c mice were assigned to normal control and model (percutaneous infection of cercariae of S. japonicum) groups. NIH‐3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblasts were designated into blank, NC, miR‐29b‐3p mimic, TGF‐β1, TGF‐β1 + NC, and TGF‐β1 + miR‐29b‐3p mimic groups. HE and Masson staining were employed to observe the pathological changes and collagenous fibrosis. The expression of α‐SMA, COL1A1, COL3A1, TIMP‐1 was determined by immunohistochemistry. The RT‐qPCR, Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining were conducted to determine expression of miR‐29b‐3p, COL1A1, and COL3A1. CCK‐8 assay and flow cytometry were performed to evaluate viability and apoptosis. The relative expression of miR‐29b‐3p decreased in the model group. The model group showed marked fibrosis in liver tissues. The expression of α‐SMA, COL1A1, COL3A1, TIMP‐1 was higher in the model group than that in the normal control group. Dual luciferase reporter gene assay revealed that miR‐29b‐3p directly targeted COL1A1 and COL3A1. Compared with the blank, NC, TGF‐β1 and TGF‐β1 + NC groups, the miR‐29b‐3p mimic group exhibited up‐regulated expression of miR‐29b‐3p and MMP‐9 but down‐regulated expression of TIMP‐1, HSP47, α‐SMA, COL1A1, and COL3A1; while lower cell viability but higher apoptosis rate showed. It indicated that miR‐29b‐3p prevents S. japonicum‐induced liver fibrosis by inhibiting COL1A1 and COL3A1.
It indicated that miR‐29b‐3p prevents Schistosoma japonicum‐induced liver fibrosis by inhibiting COL1A1 and COL3A1.
Intracellular tau accumulation forming neurofibrillary tangles is hallmark pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but how tau accumulation induces synapse impairment is elusive. By overexpressing ...human full‐length wild‐type tau (termed hTau) to mimic tau abnormality as seen in the brain of sporadic AD patients, we find that hTau accumulation activates JAK2 to phosphorylate STAT1 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 1) at Tyr701 leading to STAT1 dimerization, nuclear translocation, and its activation. STAT1 activation suppresses expression of N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptors (NMDARs) through direct binding to the specific GAS element of GluN1, GluN2A, and GluN2B promoters, while knockdown of STAT1 by AAV‐Cre in STAT1flox/flox mice or expressing dominant negative Y701F‐STAT1 efficiently rescues hTau‐induced suppression of NMDAR expression with amelioration of synaptic functions and memory performance. These findings indicate that hTau accumulation impairs synaptic plasticity through JAK2/STAT1‐induced suppression of NMDAR expression, revealing a novel mechanism for hTau‐associated synapse and memory deficits.
Synopsis
Tau accumulation, one hallmark of Alzheimer's disease, induces synaptic impairment by activating JAK2/STAT1 signaling, which transcriptionally suppresses N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptors. Downregulation of STAT1 ameliorates synaptic function and memory performance in mice.
Accumulation of hTau triggers JAK2‐dependent STAT1 dimerization, activation and nuclear translocation.
STAT1 activation directly suppresses N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor expression.
Downregulation of STAT1 rescues hTau‐induced N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor suppression.
Tau accumulation, one hallmark of Alzheimer's disease, induces synaptic impairment by activating JAK2/STAT1 signaling, which transcriptionally suppresses N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptors. Downregulation of STAT1 ameliorates synaptic function and memory performance in mice.
Research on switchable chaotic systems with a large range of parameters is scarce. To explore the chaotic characteristics of such systems, this paper proposes new switchable methods by modifying the ...nonlinear term in the system, resulting in a chaotic system with different nonlinear terms. The unknown parameters in the nonlinear term exhibit different numerical relationships under various combined conditions, and some parameters may tend towards positive infinity. The chaos characteristics are verified by applying a specific switching method to the unified chaotic system. The pseudo-randomness of the random sequence generated by the dissipative system is verified using the NIST test. Finally, the circuit simulation of the system under various switching conditions is performed by selecting different circuit components and adjusting the resistance values.The switching chaotic system is implemented physically on FPGA and breadboard, and the effectiveness of the system is verified.
Auxin is well known to stimulate coleoptile elongation and rapid seedling growth in the air. However, its role in regulating rice germination and seedling establishment under submergence is largely ...unknown. Previous studies revealed that excessive levels of indole‐3‐acetic acid(IAA) frequently cause the inhibition of plant growth and development. In this study, the high‐level accumulation of endogenous IAA is observed under dark submergence, stimulating rice coleoptile elongation but limiting the root and primary leaf growth during anaerobic germination (AG). We found that oxygen and light can reduce IAA levels, promote the seedling establishment and enhance rice AG tolerance. miRNA microarray profiling and RNA gel blot analysis results show that the expression of miR167 is negatively regulated by submergence; it subsequently modulates the accumulation of free IAA through the miR167‐ARF‐GH3 pathway. The OsGH3‐8 encodes an IAA‐amido synthetase that functions to prevent free IAA accumulation. Reduced miR167 levels or overexpressing OsGH3‐8 increase auxin metabolism, reduce endogenous levels of free IAA and enhance rice AG tolerance. Our studies reveal that poor seed germination and seedling growth inhibition resulting from excessive IAA accumulation would cause intolerance to submergence in rice, suggesting that a certain threshold level of auxin is essential for rice AG tolerance.
Summary statement
Excessive auxin accumulation negatively affects rice AG. Conversely, oxygen and light significantly reduce IAA levels, promote the seedling establishment during AG, and submergence‐repressed miR167 reduces IAA levels through miR167‐ARF‐GH3 pathway and enhances AG tolerance.
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