Monodisperse Er(3+):NaGdF(4)@Ho(3+):NaGdF(4)@NaGdF(4) active-core/active-shell/inert-shell nanocrystals, which can extend the near-infrared wavelength excitable range for upconversion (UC) emissions, ...were successfully fabricated for the first time. Importantly, doping of Er(3+) and Ho(3+) into the core and shell respectively suppresses adverse energy transfers between them, resulting in intense UC emissions for both Er(3+) and Ho(3+) dopants.
In this study, a new chalcohalide glass system, Ga2S3‐Sb2S3‐CsI, is reported. It has a glass‐forming domain composed of ~0‐35 mol% Ga2S3, ~15‐95 mol% Sb2S3, and ~0‐55 mol% CsI. The glasses have a ...wide transparent window of ~0.7‐13.5 μm, high third‐order nonlinear refractive indices of ~1.7‐8.7×10−14 cm2/W @ 1.55 μm, and relatively short zero group‐velocity‐dispersion wavelengths of 3.8‐5.15 μm. The glasses can dissolve more than 2 mol% active ions (e.g., Dy3+), and the doped glasses show intense emissions in the mid‐infrared. These superior properties demonstrate their good potentials for mid‐infrared applications such as thermal imaging, nonlinear photonics and lasers.
Despite advances in treatment, the prognosis for glioma patients remains poor. Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4), a member of the bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) protein family, plays an ...important role in controlling oncogene expression and genome stability. In recent years, numerous BRD4 inhibitors have entered clinical trials and achieved exciting results in tumor treatment. Recent clinical studies have shown that BRD4 expression in glioma is significantly higher than in the adjacent normal brain tissue. BRD4 inhibitors effectively penetrate the blood-brain barrier and target glioma tumor tissues but have little effect on normal brain tissues. Thus, BRD4 is a target for the treatment of glioma. In this study, we discuss the progress in the use of BRD4 inhibitors for glioma treatment, their mechanism of action, and their broad potential clinical application.
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BRD4, a member of BET protein family, has been implicated in cell proliferation, invasion, self-renewal, apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest through multiple pathways. Thus, inhibition of BRD4 seems a prospective therapy. In this review, we discuss the progress of BRD4 inhibitors in glioma treatment and their broad potential clinical application.
High‐purity Ge–As–Se and Ge–As–S chalcogenide glasses were prepared by modified physical and chemical purification techniques. Using the purified glasses, step‐index fibers with a small core ...(~5.5 μm) and large numerical aperture (~1.3) were fabricated. When a 13.5‐cm‐long fiber was pumped with 320 fs pulses at a repetition rate of 10.5 MHz at 4.1 μm, supercontinuum spanning from ~1.8 to ~9.8 μm with a dynamic range of ±10 dB and an average power of ~3 mW was generated.
Nd(3+) sensitized Er(3+):(4)I(13/2) mid-IR emissions around 2.7 μm were investigated in the transparent Ga(2)S(3)-GeS(2)-CsCl chalcohalide glasses for the first time. Remarkably, it is found that ...Nd(3+) greatly enhances Er(3+) 2.7 μm emission by a maximal 20 times, and depopulates the lower level of Er(3+):(4)I(13/2) for population inversion. Based on Judd-Ofelt theory, the 2.7 μm emission cross section is calculated (as high as 0.66×10(-20) cm(2)) and the gain property of the Er(3+):(4)I(11/2)→(4)I(13/2) transition is discussed. Hopefully, the materials studied here may find potential applications in the fields of fiber amplifiers and mid-IR lasers.
Advances in stretchable and flexible sensors are meeting the demands of an expanding range of applications, such as wearable healthcare, in vivo monitoring, and soft interactive robots. Unlike ...conventional rigid sensors, soft and elastic material-based flexible sensors are more adaptable to applied objects which involve dynamic and irregular surfaces. Flexible optical fiber sensors offer superior advantages over conventional flexible electronic sensors, including high sensitivity, rapid response time, high biocompatibility, immunity to electromagnetic interference, and enhanced safety. These desirable features have propelled them to become a prominent category, witnessing substantial advancements in recent years. This technology has successfully facilitated a diverse range of applications, such as human health monitoring, biological measurements, and human-machine interfaces. In this review, we provide a concise overview of the latest developments in flexible optical fiber sensing, focusing on key aspects, including preparation materials, methodologies, and applications. Furthermore, we provide valuable insights into the potential challenges and opportunities that lie ahead in this field of sensing technology.
Tuberculosis caused by the pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), remains a significant threat to global health. Elucidating the mechanisms of essential MTB genes provides an important ...theoretical basis for drug exploitation. Gene mtsp17 is essential and is conserved in the Mycobacterium genus. Although Mtsp17 has a structure closely resembling typical steroidogenic acute regulatory protein-related lipid transfer (START) family proteins, its biological function is different. This study characterizes the transcriptomes of Mycobacterium smegmatis to explore the consequences of mtsp17 downregulation on gene expression. Suppression of the mtsp17 gene resulted in significant down-regulation of 3% and upregulation of 1% of all protein-coding genes. Expression of desA1, an essential gene involved in mycolic acid synthesis, and the anti-SigF antagonist MSMEG_0586 were down-regulated in the conditional Mtsp17 knockout mutant and up-regulated in the Mtsp17 over-expression strain. Trends in the changes of 70 of the 79 differentially expressed genes (Log2 fold change > 1.5) in the conditional Mtsp17 knockout strain were the same as in the SigF knockout strain. Our data suggest that Mtsp17 is likely an activator of desA1 and Mtsp17 regulates the SigF regulon by SigF regulatory pathways through the anti-SigF antagonist MSMEG_0586. Our findings indicate the role of Mtsp17 may be in transcriptional regulation, provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of START family proteins, and uncover a new node in the regulatory network of mycobacteria.
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common oral cancer of the head and neck, which causes tremendous physical and mental pain to people. Traditional chemotherapy usually results in drug ...resistance and side effects, affecting the therapy process. In this study, a self-powered electrical impulse chemotherapy (EIC) method based on a portable triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) was established for OSCC therapy. A common chemotherapeutic drug, doxorubicin (DOX), was used in the experiment. The TENG designed with zigzag structure had a small size of 6 cm × 6 cm, which could controllably generate the fixed output of 200 V, 400 V and 600 V. The electrical impulses generated by the TENG increased the cell endocytosis of DOX remarkably. Besides, a simply and ingeniously designed microneedle electrode increased the intensity of electric field (EF) between two adjacent microneedle tips compared with the most used planar interdigital electrode at the same height, which was more suitable for three-dimensional (3D) cells or tissues. Based on the TENG, microneedle electrode and DOX, the self-powered EIC system demonstrated a maximal apoptotic cell ratio of 22.47% and a minimum relative 3D multicellular tumor sphere (MCTS) volume of 160% with the drug dosage of 1 μg mL
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