Six new naphthoquinones, euchronin A–F (
1
–
6
) and nine known naphthoquinones (
7
–
15
), were isolated from the roots of
Arnebia euchroma
(Royle) Johnst. The structures of the new compounds were ...confirmed by extensive spectroscopic analyses, including UV, IR, HR-ESI–MS, 1D and 2D NMR. In the present study, we estimated the anti-proliferative activities of these compounds with HaCaT cells. The results indicated that compounds
2
and
4
showed strong anti-proliferative activities at 25 μM, with relative viability at 38.83% and 68.44%, respectively.
Graphical Abstract
Withanolides are highly oxygenated natural products. These C
28
steroids with ergostane-based skeletons functionalized at C-22 and C-26 form six-membered δ-lactone rings. Withanolides containing a ...δ-lactone side chain often occur in
Solanaceae
and have a variety of biological activities because of their complicated structures. Characteristic spectroscopic behaviors and biosynthesis of withanolides are conducive to their structural elucidation and “biomimetic synthesis”, respectively. However, the last review to summarize their spectroscopic features and biosynthesis was in 1996. Since then, many withanolides with novel structures have been described by their spectra with biosynthesis investigated with many bioassays. This review surveys δ-lactone withanolides and emphasizes their spectral features, configurations and biosynthetic genes. The period reviewed includes through January 2014. We also include phytochemical species.
Cattle bile
Arisaema
(CBA) is a traditional medicine used for the treatment of febrile seizures (FS) for thousands of years in China. However, its application is greatly limited due to cost reasons, ...and pig bile
Arisaema
(PBA) is the main commercial product instead. Additionally, the underlying mechanism of CBA for the treatment of FS still remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the anti-convulsant effect and potential mechanism of the CBA aqueous extract for the first time through a hot-water bath-induced FS rat model. Our results showed that pre-treatment with CBA dramatically lowered the incidence rate and generation times and prolonged the latency of FS. In addition, CBA effectively ameliorated neuronal damage and regulated neurotransmitter disorder induced by FS in the rat hippocampus. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, western blotting, immunohistochemical, and qRT-PCR results exhibited that CBA suppressed the expression of GFAP, TLR4, NF-κB, HMGB1, NLRP3, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 and consequently inhibited the neuroinflammation induced by FS. Interestingly, although the CBA and PBA aqueous extracts possessed the same trend on the changes caused by FS, the improvement of FS by CBA is markedly better than that by PBA. These findings indicate that CBA exerts a protective effect on febrile seizures through regulating neurotransmitter disorder and suppressing neuroinflammation.
A new isoalloxazine alkaloid, named bupleurine A (1), along with five known compounds (2–6), were isolated from the aerial parts of Bupleurum chinense DC. The structure elucidation of the new ...alkaloid (1) was employed by combining NMR and HR‐MS data with comparison of reference in the literature. Five known compounds (2–6) were isolated from Bupleurum genus for the first time. Additionally, their antiproliferative activities on HeLa cells were evaluated by MTT assay and IC50 of compounds 1 and 4–6 were below 10 μm after treatment for 24 h.
Two new compounds (1 and 2), along with thirty-one known compounds (3-33) were isolated from the fruits of Solanum xanthocarpum. The structure of isolates was elucidated by analysis of spectroscopic ...data and the physicochemical methods. Meanwhile, the anti-inflammatory activity of isolates was determined using LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. The results of anti-inflammatory assays indicated that most isolated compounds (3, 4, 6, 8-14, 17-20, and 30) possessed significant nitric oxide (NO) production inhibition in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells with IC
50
values ranging from 14.33 to 48.55 μM.
This article describes 221 new triterpenoids especially schinortriterpenoids, published from February 2008 through July 2013 as constituents of the family Schisandraceae. The article discusses their ...source, biological activity, synthetical studies, stereochemistry aspects and chemotaxonomy significance. Applications of hyphenated techniques to the qualitative and quantitative analysis of schinortriterpenoids are also reviewed, together with advances in microbial transformation and synthetic studies.
Two new ecdysteroids 14‐epi‐polypodine B (1) and 22‐oxo‐hydroxyecdysterone (2), along with nine known compounds, polypodine B (3), viticosterone E (4), 20‐hdroxyecdysone‐2‐acetate (5), ...22‐oxo‐20‐hydroxyecdysone (6), 5‐hydroxyecdysone (7), pinnatasterone (8), 3‐epi‐20‐hydroxyecdysone (9), ecdysterone (10) and stachysterone B (11), were isolated from the aerial parts of Paris verticillata. The structures of all compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis, quantum chemical calculations and ANN‐PRA/DP4+ probability analysis. Among them, the absolute configuration of compound 1 and 2 was unambiguous determined by ECD. Also, the isolated compounds were assessed for their cytotoxic activities. Compounds 2, 3 and 7 exhibited significant cytotoxic activities against PC12, LN299 and SMCC7721 cells.
Four new compounds, aneglycoside A-C (
-
) and timosaponin U (
), were isolated from the rhizomes of
. Their structures were determined through extensive spectroscopic analysis, chemical ...characteristics, and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). All the isolations were evaluated for cytotoxicity against HepG2, Hela, and SGC7901 human cancer lines. Compounds
,
, and
showed weak antiproliferative activities on HepG2, Hela, and SGC7901 cells.
Four new secoiridoids, syrretoside A (1), syrretoside B (2), 5β, 8β-syrretaglucone C(3), 5β, 8α-syrretaglucone C (4), together with eight known secoiridoids (5-12), were isolated from the stem barks ...of Syringa reticulata (Bl.) Hara. The structures of isolated compounds were established based on the physical and chemical means, NMR spectroscopy, high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS), and circular dichroism spectrum (CD), as well as in comparison with the literature. The cytotoxicity of isolated compounds was investigated using CCK8 assay, which showed that these compounds had different degrees of inhibitory effect on two human tumor (MGC803, LN229) cell lines.
Two new sesterterpenoids, atractylodes japonica terpenoid acid I (
1
) and atractylodes japonica terpenoid aldehyde I (
2
), were isolated from the rhizomes of
Atractylodes japonica
Koidz. ex Kitam ...together with ten known compounds (
3–12
). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of comprehensive spectroscopic analysis (1D/2D NMR, HRESIMS and IR). In addition, all of these isolated compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against human gastric cancer cell MGC-803 and human hepatocellular cancer cell HepG-2. Most of them exhibited moderate to weak inhibitory effects with IC
50
values in the range of 25.15–88.85 μM except for
9
–
12
.
Graphical Abstract
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