Phytochemical investigation of the 50% ethanol eluate fraction of macroporous resin for the flower of
Datura metel
L. led to the isolation of a new compound named yangjinhualine A (
1
) and five ...known megastigmane sesquiterpenes through repeated silica gel and ODS column chromatography and semipreparative HPLC. The structures of these compounds were determined by spectroscopic methods, including 2D-NMR, ESI-MS, and HR-ESI-MS spectrometry as well as by comparison with published data. Five known megastigmane sesquiterpenes were also isolated from
D. metel
L. for the first time.
Two new (1-2) and three known quinic acid derivatives (3-5) were isolated from the leaves of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz) Baill. The structures of the compounds were determined by spectroscopic ...methods, especially the NMR techniques, and also by comparison with reported data in the literature. The cytotoxicity activities of these compounds were evaluated on human tumor cell lines LN229 and three of them showed a certain activity.
Five new oleanane-type triterpenoid saponins (
), together with 24 known saponins (
) were isolated from the fruit of
. Their structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis, including ...1D, 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS), in combination with chemical methods (acid hydrolysis). The neuroinflammation model was established by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced BV2 microglia, and the neuroprotective effects of all compounds (
) were evaluated.
Three new glycosides (
-
) and 15 known ones (
-
) were isolated and identified from the fruits of
. The structures of these compounds were established by 1D and 2D NMR spectra and HR-ESI-MS. The ...compounds (
-
) were the first time isolated from the
genus and they (except
,
,
) exhibited inhibitions on the NO release of LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells with IC
values from 26.9 to 47.5 μM.
The lateral root of Aconitum carmichaelii Debeaux. (also known as Fuzi in Chinese) is a toxic Chinese medicine but widely used in clinical practice with remarkable effects. It is specifically used to ...treat cardiovascular diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, and other diseases, in Korea, Japan, and India.
This study aimed to summarize and discuss the effects of drug processing on toxicity, chemical composition, and pharmacology of the lateral root of Aconitum carmichaelii Debeaux. This review could provide feasible insights for further studies.
Relevant information on phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of Fuzi was collected through published materials and electronic databases, including the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, Flora of China, Web of Science, PubMed, Baidu Scholar, Google Scholar, and CNKI.
More than 100 chemical compounds, including alkaloids, flavonoids, and polysaccharides were revealed. Modern pharmacological studies show that these chemical components have good effects on anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-aging, treatment of cardiovascular diseases, and improving immunity. Di-ester alkaloids are the main source of Fuzi toxicity. Increasing studies have shown that Fuzi can induce multiple organ damage, especially cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity. At present, most of the Fuzi used in clinical practice are processed. The processing affects the chemical structure, pharmacology, and toxicology of Fuzi. Moreover, different processing methods have different effects on Fuzi.
This review analyzed the effects of Fuzi processing methods on its toxicity and efficiency. The lateral roots of aconite are the known medicinal part of Fuzi; however, the aerial parts of aconite are understudied and require further research to expand its medicinal potential. Processing and compatibility are the primary means to reduce Fuzi toxicity. Nevertheless, establishing a reasonable unified safe dose range requires further discussion.
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A UPLC‐TOF/MS‐based metabolomics method was established to explore the therapeutic mechanisms of rattan stems of S. chinensis (SCS) in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Experimental AD model was induced by ...intra‐hippocampal Aβ1–42 injection in rats. Cognitive function and oxidative stress condition in brain of AD rats were assessed using Morris water maze tests and antioxidant assays malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px), respectively. UPLC‐TOF/MS combined with multivariate statistical analysis were conducted to study the changes in metabolic networks in serum of rats. The results indicated that the AD model was established successfully and the inducement of Aβ1–42 caused a decline in spatial learning and memory of rats. The injection of Aβ1–42 in rat brains significantly elevated the level of MDA, and reduced SOD and GSH‐Px activities. In addition, SCS showed significant anti‐AD effects on model rats. A total of 30 metabolites were finally identified as potential biomarkers of AD and 14 of them had a significant recovery compared with the AD model after SCS administration. Changes in AD metabolite profiling were restored to different levels through the regulation of 13 pathways. This is first report on the use of the UPLC‐TOF/MS‐based serum metabolomics method to investigate therapeutic effects of SCS on AD, and enrich potential biomarkers and metabolic networks of AD.
Three new lignans (1 – 3), together with four new thymoquinol glycosides (4 – 7), were isolated from 70%‐EtOH extract of the rattan stems of Schisandra chinensis. The structures of 1 – 7 were ...elucidated by detailed spectroscopic analyses, and these new compounds were identified as pinobatol‐9‐O‐β‐d‐glucopyranoside (1), 1,2,13,14‐tetramethoxydibenzocyclooctadiene 3,12‐O‐β‐d‐diglucopyranoside (2), 3,7‐dihydroxy‐1,2,13,14‐tetramethoxydibenzocyclooctadiene 12‐O‐β‐d‐glucopyranoside (3), thymoquinol 2‐O‐β‐d‐apiofuranosyl‐(1→6)‐β‐d‐glucopyranoside (4), thymoquinol 2‐O‐α‐d‐arabinofuranosyl‐(1→6)‐β‐d‐glucopyranoside (5), thymoquinol 5‐O‐β‐d‐apiofuranosyl‐(1→6)‐β‐d‐glucopyranoside (6), and thymoquinol 5‐O‐α‐d‐arabinofuranosyl‐(1→6)‐β‐d‐glucopyranoside (7). The neuroprotective activity of 1 – 7 was evaluated on PC12 cells with neurotoxicity induced by amyloid‐beta 1 – 42 (Aβ1 – 42). Compounds 2 and 3 showed protecting activity against Aβ‐induced toxicity in PC12 cells.
Four new withanolides named dmetelins A-D (compounds 1-4), along with the known compound 7α,27-dihydroxy-1-oxo-witha-2,5,24-trienolide (5) were isolated from the leaves of Datura metel L. ...(Solanaceae). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of detailed analysis of 1D and 2D NMR and mass spectrometry data. All the compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 cells. Compounds 1, 4 and 5 showed significant inhibitory activities, and compounds 2 and 3 showed moderate inhibitory activities with IC50 values of 17.8, 11.6, 14.9, 33.3 and 28.6 μM, respectively.
Dioscoreae Bulibferae Rhizoma (RDB) is commonly used in clinical Chinese medicine. It has been used in many kinds of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), but the toxicity of RDB, easily leads to ...hepatotoxicity. The objective of the present study is to investigate the synergistic protective effect of Scutellariae Radix (SR) with Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex (PCC) on RDB caused liver toxicity in rats. SD female rats were adopted to establish the hepatotoxicity models by RDB (9 g•kg⁻¹, ig) once daily for 28 consecutive days. After 28 days, liver histological changes were observed, and the activity of transaminase and antioxidant enzymes was evaluated. Morphological and biochemical indicators evaluation showed that, Dioscoreae Bulibferae Rhizoma-induced hepatotoxicity models were successful, and the liver cells were dissolved and swelling with fatty degeneration； inflammatory cells were present in gaps; local punctiformed or lamellar hydropic degeneration was found in liver tissues, with partial necrosis. Indexes
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