Vascular reactivity shows biphasic changes after severe trauma or shock. Our aim was to elucidate the mechanisms of biphasic-changed vascular reactivity after haemorrhagic shock by observing the ...regulation of angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) and angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) on it.
Haemorrhagic-shock Sprague-Dawley rats, hypoxia-treated superior mesenteric arteries (SMAs) with intact endothelia, and a cell mixture of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and vascular endothelial cells (VECs) were adopted to evaluate the regulatory effects of Ang-1 and Ang-2 on vascular reactivity and their relationship to Tie2 (receptor tyrosine kinase)-Akt-endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and Tie2-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk)-inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) signal pathways. Ang-1 expression, Tie2 phosphorylation, and nitric oxide (NO) release were increased at early shock. Exogenous Ang-1 maintained the vascular reactivity of SMAs after early hypoxia. Tie2-blocking antibody and the antagonists of Akt and eNOS antagonized Ang-1-induced maintenance in vascular reactivity and a slight release in NO at the early stage of shock. Ang-2 expression, Tie2 phosphorylation, and NO release were greatly increased at late shock, but exogenous Ang-2 further decreased the vascular reactivity of SMAs after late hypoxia. Tie2-blocking antibody and the antagonists of Erk and iNOS andtagonized the Ang-2-induced decrease in vascular reactivity and a large release of NO at the late stage of shock.
Ang-1 and Ang-2 participated in the regulation of vascular reactivity after haemorrhagic shock. Ang-1 was mainly responsible for the hyperreactivity at early shock through the Tie2-Akt-eNOS pathway and an appropriate amount of NO release. Ang-2 was mainly responsible for the hyporeactivity at late shock through the Tie2-Erk-iNOS pathway and the release of a large amount of NO.
NRXN1 deletions are identified as one of major rare risk factors for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other neurodevelopmental disorders. ASD has 30% co-morbidity with epilepsy, and the latter is ...associated with excessive neuronal firing. NRXN1 encodes hundreds of presynaptic neuro-adhesion proteins categorized as NRXN1α/β/γ. Previous studies on cultured cells show that the short NRXN1β primarily exerts excitation effect, whereas the long NRXN1α which is more commonly deleted in patients involves in both excitation and inhibition. However, patient-derived models are essential for understanding functional consequences of NRXN1α deletions in human neurons. We recently derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from five controls and three ASD patients carrying NRXN1α
and showed increased calcium transients in patient neurons.
In this study we investigated the electrophysiological properties of iPSC-derived cortical neurons in control and ASD patients carrying NRXN1α
using patch clamping. Whole genome RNA sequencing was carried out to further understand the potential underlying molecular mechanism.
NRXN1α
cortical neurons were shown to display larger sodium currents, higher AP amplitude and accelerated depolarization time. RNASeq analyses revealed transcriptomic changes with significant upregulation glutamatergic synapse and ion channels/transporter activity including voltage-gated potassium channels (GRIN1, GRIN3B, SLC17A6, CACNG3, CACNA1A, SHANK1), which are likely to couple with the increased excitability in NRXN1α
cortical neurons.
Together with recent evidence of increased calcium transients, our results showed that human NRXN1α
isoform deletions altered neuronal excitability and non-synaptic function, and NRXN1α
patient iPSCs may be used as an ASD model for therapeutic development with calcium transients and excitability as readouts.
The schematic diagram of sensor construction
Display omitted
We described a novel electrochemical sensor for amoxicillin (AMOX), which was constructed by multiwalled carbon nanotubes@molecularly ...imprinted polymer (MWCNTs@MIP), single walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) and dendritic Pt-Pd nanoparticle (NP). Firstly, ionic liquid (IL, i.e. 3-propyl-1-vinylimidazolium bromide) was grafted onto MWCNTs surface to form MWCNTs@IL by using an ionic exchange strategy. Then, the resulting MWCNTs@IL was used as monomer to synthesize MWCNTs@MIP. Meanwhile, dendritic Pt-Pd bimetallic NP was prepared by using hexadecylpyridinium chloride and hexamethylenetriamine as synergetic structure-directing agents, and then it was dispersed into SWCNT suspension. After that, the hybrid suspension was dropped on a glassy carbon electrode, followed by coating with MWCNTs@MIP. Under the optimal conditions, the obtained sensor presented linear response to AMOX in the ranges of 1.0×10−9∼1.0×10−6molL−1 and 1.0×10−6∼6.0×10−6, respectively, and its detection limit was 8.9×10−10molL−1. This sensor was used to detect AMOX in real samples with satisfactory results.
With the rapid development of online social networks (OSN), the influence of rumor propagation on social life raises great concern. Traditional rumor-propagation models, which do not fully consider ...the features of OSN, are not suitable for use in OSN. In this paper, we focus on discovering a pattern of rumor-propagation phenomena in OSN, and propose a novel rumor-propagation model, inspired by a ball elastic-collision model, called the elastic collision-based rumor-propagation model (ECRModel). We investigate the dynamics of ball elastic collisions, which is similar to the dynamics of rumor propagation between nodes in OSN. We adopt the parameter relationships of the elastic collision model and apply them to rumor propagation in social networks. In the ECRModel, we do not directly adopt the node classification categories of "Ignorants, Spreaders, and Stiflers", but divide the user nodes into three types: 1) inactive and never spread rumors; 2) active and spread rumors forward; and 3) inactive but have previously spread rumors. We mathematically model node interaction attributes, and analyze the spreading probabilities and the steady state, considering both individual perspectives with detailed attributes and integral perspectives with node-state densities. At last, we conduct a series of simulations, and the results verify the correctness of the analytical results. We further investigate the effects of detailed properties on rumor propagation, such as average out-degree of OSN, rumor confusingness degree, and each node's comprehensive influence.
We presented a facile method to prepare Au NPs@MIP for the electrochemical determination of dimetridazole.
•A novel Au nanoparticles@molecularly imprinted polymer (Au NPs@MIP) was designed.•Ionic ...liquid (IL) was grafted onto Au NP by self-assembling to form Au NPs@IL.•Au NPs@IL was used as a monomer to prepare Au NPs@MIP.•The sensor offered a linear response for dimetridazole from 0.002 to 3.0μmolL−1.
Herein, we reported a facile method for preparing gold nanoparticles@molecularly imprinted polymer (Au NPs@MIP), which was coated on mesoporous carbon (CKM-3) and porous graphene (P-r-GO) modified glassy carbon electrode to construct an electrochemical sensor for the determination of dimetridazole. Firstly, Au NP was prepared by reducing HAuCl4 with sodium citrate. Then, an ionic liquid (IL, i.e. 3-propyl-1-vinylimidazolium bromide) was added into Au NP solution to achieve Au NPs@IL by self-assembling. In succession, the Au NPs@IL was used as monomer to synthesize Au NPs@MIP. After that, the resultant Au NPs@MIP was coated on CKM-3 and P-r-GO modified electrode. Experimental conditions were carefully optimized for this assay strategy. In this case, the electrochemical sensor presented good response for dimetridazole, and its linear ranges were 2.0×10−9 to 2.5×10−7molL−1 and 2.5×10−7 to 3.0×10−6molL−1, and its detection limit was 5.0×10−10molL−1. The electrochemical sensor was applied to determine dimetridazole in food samples with satisfactory results.
Abstract
With the continuous development and expansion of the water reclamation and reuse market, it is vital to ensure water quality safety and stability over the entire water reuse system. Because ...the quality of reclaimed water is distinct from that of drinking water, it is likely to deteriorate, even after advanced treatment, during distribution and transport. This review identifies the common microbial corrosion in reclaimed water distribution pipelines and end use applications (e.g. industrial cooling system) and the dominant corrosive microorganisms in reclaimed water. The microbial corrosion mechanism and the affecting factors on microbial corrosion are discussed in depth. Moreover, this study also proposes possible strategies for dealing with pipeline microbial corrosion, including the control of the assimilable organic carbon content via coagulation and filtration processes as well as disinfection technologies for microbial inactivation. This study is of great novelty to provide a comprehensive overview of microbial corrosion in reclaimed water distribution and application and point out future directions towards sustainable and long-lasting water reuse.
Abstract
Background
Our aim was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the automated computer-based Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (e-ASPECTS) for acute stroke patients and compare the ...result with physicians at different levels.
Methods
In our center, e-ASPECTS and 9 physicians at different levels retrospectively and blindly assessed baseline computed tomography (CT) images of 55 patients. Sensitivity, specificity, receiver-operating characteristic curves, Bland–Altman plots with mean score error, and Matthews correlation coefficients were calculated. Comparisons were made between the scores by physicians and e-ASPECTS with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) being the ground truth. Two methods for clustered data were used to estimate sensitivity and specificity in the region-based analysis.
Results
In total, 1100 (55 patients × 20 regions per patient) ASPECTS regions were scored. In the region-based analysis, sensitivity of e-ASPECTS was better than junior doctors and residents (0.576 vs 0.165 and 0.111,
p < 0.05
) but inferior to senior doctors (0.576 vs 0.617). Specificity was lower than junior doctors and residents (0.883 vs 0.971 and 0.914) but higher than senior doctors (0.883 vs 0.809,
p < 0.05
). E-ASPECTS had the best Matthews correlation coefficient of 0.529, compared to senior doctors, junior doctors, and residents (0.463, 0.251, and 0.087, respectively).
Conclusions
e-ASPECTS showed a similar performance to that of senior physicians in the assessment of brain CT of acute ischemic stroke patients with the Alberta Stroke Program Early CT score method.
Gold nanoelectrode ensembles were produced by electrodeposition using multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) as template. A new third generation amperometric biosensor for hydrogen peroxide was ...developed based on adsorption of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) at the glassy carbon (GC) electrode modified with Au nanoelectrode ensembles/multiwalled carbon nanotubes/chitosan film. The resulting HRP biosensor offered an excellent detection for hydrogen peroxide at −0.11
V with a linear response range of 2.08
×
10
−7 to 7.6
×
10
−3
M with a correlation coefficient of 0.998, and response time <5
s. The detection limit was 1.02
×
10
−7
M at 3
σ. The biosensor displays rapid response, expanded linear response range, and excellent repeatability. The simple and fast fabrication of the sensor makes it superior to other techniques.
We aimed to find crucial microRNAs (miRNAs) associated with the development of atrial fibrillation (AF), and then try to elucidate the possible molecular mechanisms of miRNAs in AF.
The miRNA ...microarray, GSE68475, which included 10 right atrial appendage samples from patients with persistent AF and 11 samples from patients with normal sinus rhythm, was used for the analysis. After data preprocessing, differentially expressed miRNAs were screened using limma. Target genes of miRNAs were predicted using miRWalk2.0. We then conducted functional enrichment analyses for miRNA and target genes. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and module analyses for target genes were performed. Finally, transcription factors (TFs)-target genes regulatory network was predicted and constructed.
Seven genes, including CAMK2D, IGF2R, PPP2R2A, PAX6, POU3F2, YWHAE, and AP2A2, were targeted by TFs. Among these seven genes, CAMK2D (targeted by miR-31-5p), IGF2R (targeted by miR-204-5p), PAX6 (targeted by miR-223-3p), POU3F2 (targeted by miR-204-5p), YWHAE (targeted by miR-31-5p), and AP2A2 (targeted by miR-204-5p) belonged to the top 10 degree genes in the PPI network. Notably, MiR-204-5p, miR-31-5p, and miR-223-3p had more target genes. Besides, CAMK2D was enriched in some pathways, such as adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes pathway and cAMP signaling pathway. YWHAE was enriched in the Hippo signaling pathway.
miR-31-5p played a crucial role in cardiomyocytes by targeting CAMK2D and YWHAE via cAMP and Hippo signaling pathways. miR-204 was involved in the progression of AF by regulating its target genes IGF2R, POU3F2, and AP2A2. On the other hand, miR-223-3p functioned in AF by targeting PAX6, which was associated with the regulation of apoptosis in AF. This study would provide a theoretical basis and potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of AF. (Anatol J Cardiol 2020; 23: 324-33).
NRXN1 deletions are commonly found in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other neurodevelopmental/neuropsychiatric disorders. Derivation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from different ...diseases involving different deletion regions are essential, as NRXN1 may produce thousands of splicing variants. We report here the derivation of iPSCs from a sibling control and an ASD proband carrying de novo heterozygous deletions in the middle region of NRXN1, using a non-integrating Sendai viral kit. The genotype and karyotype of the iPSCs were validated by whole genome SNP array. All iPSC lines highly expressed pluripotency markers and could be differentiated into three germ layers.
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