Multi-source diffusion is a common phenomenon in online social networks (OSNs) that involves pieces of information with different purposes concurrently propagating over networks in a cooperative or ...competitive way. A traditional activated probability model for single-source diffusion cannot be directly applied to multi-source diffusion, especially when these diffusions interfere with each other. We consider that herd behavior exists over multi-source information diffusion in OSNs, and we propose a more rational activated probability pattern for multi-source diffusion, activated probability for multi-source information diffusion (APMSID), inspired by the herding effect. APMSID consists of three components to calculate the final activated probability to the destination node, including the influence of percentage (IOP), the influence of energy (IOE), and the influence of competition (IOC). APMSID fully considers the homologous diffusion (cooperation) personalization of the infected percentage by IOP and influence energy direction by IOE and considers the negative influence of IOC from competitive information diffusion. Mathematical modeling and algorithms are designed in detail. Experiments based on the real datasets of Epinions, wiki-Vote, Slashdot, and Micro-blog show that the proposed APMSID is more rational and accurate than the traditional method. APMSID can effectively solve the probabilistic reasoning problem of the multi-source diffusion phenomenon and is superior to the IC model in predicting the accuracy of the infected nodes.
NRXN1 encodes thousands of splicing variants categorized into long NRXN1α, short NRXN1β and extremely short NRXN1γ, which exert differential roles in neuronal excitation/inhibition. NRXN1α deletions ...are common in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other neurodevelopmental/neuropsychiatric disorders. We derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from one sibling control and two ASD probands carrying NRXN1α+/−, using non-integrating Sendai viral method. All iPSCs highly expressed pluripotency markers and could be differentiated into ectodermal/mesodermal/endodermal cells. The genotype and karyotype of the iPSCs were validated by whole genome SNP array. The availability of the iPSCs offers an opportunity for understanding NRXN1α function in human neurons and in ASD.
The present study investigated the mediated effect of protein kinase C (PKC) in arginine vasopressin (AVP)-induced restoration of vascular responsiveness and calcium sensitization following ...hemorrhagic shock. Using both isolated superior mesenteric artery from hemorrhagic shock rats and hypoxia-treated vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC), we investigated the roles of PKC-α, δ and ε isoforms in AVP-induced restoration of vascular reactivity and calcium sensitivity. Meanwhile, effects of their specific inhibitors on the activity of myosin light chain phosphatase (MLCP), myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), and the phosphorylation of myosin light chain (MLC
20) in VSMC were observed. The results indicated that AVP improved the reactivity of superior mesenteric artery and VSMC to norepinephrine and calcium following hemorrhagic shock and hypoxia. PKC-α inhibitor and PKC-ε inhibitory peptide antagonized these effects of AVP, while PKC-δ inhibitor only partially antagonized these effects of AVP. AVP up-regulated the expression of PKC-α and ε in the particulate fractions of hypoxia-treated VSMC with the decrease of the activity of MLCP and the increase of the phosphorylation of MLC
20. These effects of AVP were inhibited by PKC-α inhibitor and PKC-ε inhibitory peptide, but not by the PKC-δ inhibitor. The results suggested that PKC plays an important role in AVP-induced restoration of vascular reactivity and calcium sensitivity following hemorrhagic shock. PKC-α and ε may be the main isoforms involved in this process and play effect via MLC
20 phosphorylation dependent mechanism, while PKC-δ may be partially involved in AVP action by other mechanisms.
A novel amperometric immunosensor for determination of human serum chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) was constructed by immobilizing hCG antibody with nano-gold and chitosan (CHIT) hybrid film ...electrochemical co-deposited on a glassy carbon electrode. The fabricated procedures and electrochemical behaviors of proteins on such an interface were characterized with electrochemical impedance, cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The effect of incubation time on the electrochemical behavior of immunosensor was studied and other experimental conditions such as mass ratio of CHIT and HAuCl
4, depositing time of hybrid film, the pH, and temperature were studied too. The current response of the immunosensor is in linear relationship with concentration of hCG. The resulting immunosensor offers an excellent amperometric response for hCG ranging from 0.20 to 100
mIU
mL
−1 with a detection limit of 0.1
mIU
mL
−1. A satisfactory determination of hCG in serum samples can be obtained by this immunosensor.
Serotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine, HT), a neurotransmitter, and its main metabolite 5‐hydroxyindole‐3‐acetic acid (HIAA) are biomarkers for carcinoid tumors. They can be quantitatively detected by a new ...luminescent sensor based on a water stable lanthanide metal–organic framework (Ln‐MOF). This Ln‐MOF features a (3,4)‐connected topology containing 1D channels occupied by lattice water molecules. Luminescent studies reveal that high luminescence quenching efficiency occurs upon the addition of HT and HIAA. The Ln‐MOF also displays excellent sensitivity with fast response within 1 min, good reusability, and detection limits as low as 0.66 and 0.54 × 10−6m for HT and HIAA, respectively. In addition, the sensing function exhibits excellent selectivity even in the presence of other neurotransmitters and the main coexisting species in blood plasma and urine.
Two novel water stable lanthanide‐functionalized metal–organic frameworks(Ln‐MOFs) with a 3D open framework are synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. Ln‐MOF 1 has the capability of sensing 5‐hydroxytryptamine (HT) and its major metabolite 5‐hydroxyindole‐3‐acetic acid (HIAA), which are effective discriminating biomarkers for carcinoid tumors. In addition, the sensing function can prevent from the interference of other coexisting species in blood plasma and urine.
The active and stable palladium (Pd) based catalysts for CH4 conversion are of great environmental and industrial significance. Herein, we employed N2 as an optimal activation agent to develop a Pd ...nanocluster exsolved Ce‐incorporated perovskite ferrite catalyst toward lean methane oxidation. Replacing the traditional initiator of H2, the N2 was found as an effective driving force to selectively touch off the surface exsolution of Pd nanocluster from perovskite framework without deteriorating the overall material robustness. The catalyst showed an outstanding T50 (temperature of 50% conversion) plummeting down to 350°C, outperforming the pristine and H2‐activated counterparts. Further, the combined theoretical and experimental results also deciphered the crucial role that the atomically dispersed Ce ions played in both construction of active sites and CH4 conversion. The isolated Ce located at the A‐site of perovskite framework facilitated the thermodynamic and kinetics of the Pd exsolution process, lowering its formation temperature and promoting its quantity. Moreover, the incorporation of Ce lowered the energy barrier for cleavage of C─H bond, and was dedicated to the preservation of highly reactive PdOx moieties during stability measurement. This work successfully ventures uncharted territory of in situ exsolution to provide a new design thinking for a highly performed catalytic interface.
The CH4 conversion is of great environmental and industrial significance to solve the greenhouse effect. N2 as an optimal activation agent to develop a Pd nanocluster exsolved Ce‐incorporated perovskite ferrite catalyst toward lean methane oxidation. The isolated Ce locating at the A‐site of perovskite framework facilitates the thermodynamic and kinetics of the Pd exsolution process, lowering the Pd nanocluster formation temperature and promoting its quantity.
The induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology has offered an unprecedented opportunity for disease modelling and drug discovery. Here we used non-integrating Sendai viral method and derived ...iPSCs from three young healthy Caucasian donors. All iPSCs expressed pluripotency markers highly and could be differentiated into three germ lineages. They possess normal karyotype which was confirmed by whole genome SNP array. The availability of the healthy control iPSCs offers an opportunity for phenotypic comparison and genome editing for a variety of diseases.
Practical applications of single-chamber solid oxide fuel cells (SC-SOFCs) are partially limited by the difficulties and complications associated with the initialization process, which mainly ...involves the reduction of NiO to Ni in the anode. Here we propose a facile approach to the in situ activation (initialization) of SC-SOFCs with a state-of-the-art sintered nickel-based anode using a methane–oxygen gas mixture, combined with the introduction of nanocatalysts into the anode. RuO2, CeO2 or Co3O4 with the high activity for methane oxidation are investigated for above purpose. XRD results demonstrate that the nanocatalysts are successfully introduced into the anode via a simple solution impregnation technique. Using FESEM, different nanoparticle morphologies are observed for the three catalysts. The time dependence of the cell voltage operating on the methane–oxygen gas mixture demonstrates successful activation following nanocatalyst introduction. Single cells with different nanocatalyst-modified anodes, initialized by in situ reduction, deliver high open circuit voltages of approximately 1.0 V and significant peak power outputs of approximately 1000 mW cm−2 at a furnace temperature of 650 °C. XRD and FESEM analysis indicates that only the CeO2 retains a same structure and morphology after the test. It suggests that the CeO2 nanocatalyst is the most promising for practical applications.
•In situ activation of single-chamber SOFCs is realized using CH4–O2 mixture.•Impregnation method was applied for preparing nanocatalysts-modified anodes.•High power densities and OCVs were obtained for nanocatalysts-modified cells.•CeO2 nanoparticles in the anode retained similar morphology after the test.•CeO2 was the best choice for the single-chamber SOFC anode modification.
Anodic oxide films on pure titanium surface were prepared with potentiostatic method in the 10% sulfuric acid electrolyte. The chrono-amperometric curve, potentiodynamic polarization curve, ...electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and Mott-Schottky curve of anodic oxide films were obtained using an electrochemical method in 3.5% NaCl solution. The results show that colorful, flat and smooth anodic oxide films are obtained in the experimental processing parameters. Chrono-amperometric curve shows that formation of oxide film is the process of dynamic growth and dissolution. The potentiodynamic polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectra show that TA2 pure titanium has better corrosion resistance after anodizing, and the higher the anodic oxidation voltage, the better corrosion resistance. Mott-Schottky curves show that anodic oxide film is an n-type semiconductor. The donor concentration decreases with increasing potential, the corrosion resistance increases.
To investigate the effects of the balance in activity of RhoA and Rac1 on the shock-induced biphasic change in vascular reactivity and the related mechanism.
Vascular reactivity after hemorrhagic ...shock shows a biphasic change. RhoA and Rac1 are the main members of a family of Rho GTPases; whether and how they participate in the regulation of the biphasic change in vascular reactivity after shock is not known.
The relationship of the balance of the activity RhoA and Rac1 with the changes in vascular reactivity after hemorrhagic shock, the effects of artificially changing the balance of RhoA and Rac1 activity on vascular reactivity, and the roles of Rho kinase and p21-activated kinase (PAK) in RhoA/Rac1 regulation of vascular reactivity were observed in isolated superior mesenteric arteries (SMAs) from hemorrhagic shocked rats and hypoxia-treated vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs).
The reactivity of SMAs and VSMCs to norepinephrine after shock or hypoxia was positively correlated with changes in the RhoA and Rac1 activity ratio. Artificially changing the balance in activity of RhoA and Rac1 significantly changed the shock-induced biphasic response of vascular reactivity. Specific antagonist of Rho kinase and PAK (Y-27632 and PAK-18) respectively abolished the effect of activation of RhoA and Rac1. Activation of RhoA significantly increased the activity of Rho kinase and inhibited the activity of Rac1 in SMAs. Rac1 activation significantly increased the activity of PAK and decreased the activity of RhoA.
The balance in the activity of RhoA and Rac1 participated in the biphasic vascular reactivity seen after hemorrhagic shock. RhoA and Rac1 regulation of the vascular reactivity after shock are closely related to Rho kinase and the PAK pathway. RhoA regulates vascular reactivity mainly through activation of Rho kinase and inhibition of Rac1. Rac1 regulates vascular reactivity mainly through inhibition of RhoA and activation of PAK. These findings have potential significance for the treatment of vascular hyporesponsiveness.
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