The metabolism of glucose and lipids is essential for energy production in the body, and dysregulation of the metabolic pathways of these molecules is implicated in various acute and chronic ...diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, atherosclerosis (AS), obesity, tumor, and sepsis. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins, which involve the addition or removal of covalent functional groups, play a crucial role in regulating protein structure, localization function, and activity. Common PTMs include phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, methylation, and glycosylation. Emerging evidence indicates that PTMs are significant in modulating glucose and lipid metabolism by modifying key enzymes or proteins. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the role and regulatory mechanisms of PTMs in glucose and lipid metabolism, with a focus on their involvement in disease progression associated with aberrant metabolism. Furthermore, we discuss the future prospects of PTMs, highlighting their potential for gaining deeper insights into glucose and lipid metabolism and related diseases.
Boron nitride (BN) structures are featured by their excellent thermal and chemical stability and unique electronic and optical properties. However, the lack of controlled synthesis of quality samples ...and the electrically insulating property largely prevent realizing the full potential of BN nanostructures. A comprehensive overview of the current status of the synthesis of two‐dimensional hexagonal BN sheets, three dimensional porous hexagonal BN materials and BN‐involved heterostructures is provided, highlighting the advantages of different synthetic methods. In addition, structural characterization, functionalizations and prospective applications of hexagonal BN sheets are intensively discussed. One‐dimensional BN nanoribbons and nanotubes are then discussed in terms of structure, fabrication and functionality. In particular, the existing routes in pursuit of tunable electronic and magnetic properties in various BN structures are surveyed, calling upon synergetic experimental and theoretical efforts to address the challenges for pioneering the applications of BN into functional devices. Finally, the progress in BN superstructures and novel B/N nanostructures is also briefly introduced.
Boron nitride nanostructures have attracted intense attention for their excellent properties. Controlled synthesis of quality samples and the electrically insulating property largely prevents the realization of the full potential of BN nanostructures. The current status of the synthesis and applications of two dimensional h‐BN are reviewed, as well as versatile strategies in pursuit of tunable electronic and magnetic properties in BN nanostructures.
Solving three-dimensional boundary-value engineering problems numerically requires material laws. However, it is difficult to build the material laws in three dimension, since the material behaviors ...are usually measured by one-dimensional uniaxial tension/compression experiments. In this way, the material behavior in the three-dimension is ‘compressed’ into one-dimensional data. Here we propose a new method, coined MAP123 (map data from one-dimension to three-dimension), to decompress the one-dimensional data into three dimension for nonlinear elastic material modeling without the construction of analytic mathematical function for the material law. The decomposition of stress and strain into deviatoric and spherical parts for isotropic nonlinear elastic materials at finite deformation makes this data-driven approach work quite well. Several examples are used to demonstrate the capability of MAP123, such as a rectangular plate with a circular hole under uniaxial tension. Corresponding experiments are also carried out to further verify the MAP123 method. Based on the proposed approach, uniaxial experiment is suggested to measure the deformation in three directions not only the force and extension along the loading direction. Limitation of the proposed MAP123 approach is also discussed.
•MAP123 can decompress 1D data into 3D to solve BVP problem without material laws.•MAP123 is implemented and employed to solve BVP problems by 1D data.•MAP123 demonstrates a way to express 3D material law through two sets of 1D experimental data.•MAP123 can analyze the mechanical response under finite deformation.
Objective
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)
infects approximately half of the world’s population, as one of the most common chronic infections.
H. pylori
infection has been widely recognized as a ...major risk factor for gastric cancer (GC).
Methods
Eradication treatment is considered to abolish the inflammatory response and prevent progression to GC. However, only 1–3% of
H. pylori
-infected patients develop GC, whereas GC can occur even after eradicating
H. pylori
. In addition, the incidence of GC following
H. pylori
infection is significantly higher compared to the gross incidence induced by all causes, although eradicating
H. pylori
reduces the risk of developing GC.
Results
Therefore, it is reasonable to hypothesize that
H. pylori
infection results in changes that persist even after its eradication. Several of these changes may not be reversible within a short time, including the status of inflammation, the dysfunction of immunity and apoptosis, mitochondrial changes, aging and gastric dysbacteriosis.
Conclusion
The present review article aimed to discuss these potential long-lasting changes induced by
H. pylori
infection that may follow the eradication of
H. pylori
and contribute to the development of GC.
Exploring highly efficient, cost-effective, and stable electrocatalysts toward oxygen evaluation reaction (OER) is of great significance for hydrogen generation. Herein, in situ growth of NiFe-borate ...layered double hydroxide (NiFe-BLDH) nanosheets on waste biomass-derived nitrogen-doped carbon (NC) with hierarchical architecture under microwave hydrothermal conditions is reported. The as-synthesized NiFe-borate layered double hydroxide/nitrogen-doped carbon (NiFe-BLDH/NC) exhibits outstanding OER activity, showing an extremely low overpotential of 243 mV at the current density of 10 mA cm−2 and a relatively small Tafel slope of 42.7 mV dec−1, which are superior to the commercial RuO2 and many previously reported NiFe-LDH-based OER electrocatalysts. Additionally, the catalyst also shows remarkable stability with unobvious decrease of current density over a period of 24 h. These excellent catalytic performances could be attributable to the synergistic effects between the conductive NC scaffold and NiFe-BLDH with excellent hydrophilicity caused by the intercalated borate anions, which provide many advantages, such as large surface area, abundant active sites, fast charge and mass transport pathways. This work provides new insights into the design and facile preparation green and efficient electrocatalysts
Ultrathin NiFe-borate layered double hydroxide (NiFe-BLDH) nanosheets are vertically grown on waste biomass derived nitrogen doped carbon (NC) with multistage decentralized architecture to obtain NiFe-BLDH/NC electrocatalyst for OER. Benefiting from the strong synergetic effect of borate anion intercalated NiFe-LDH and conductive NC for abundant catalytic sites, superior electronic conductivity, quick oxygen diffusion and release, the as-synthesized NiFe-BLDH/NC exhibits outstanding OER activity, even superior to commercial RuO2 and many previously reported NiFe-LDH system. This work not only demonstrates that NiFe-BLDH/NC is a high-efficiency, stable, and cost-effective electrocatalysts, but also provides a strategy for rational design of low cost, highly active, and practical electrocatalysts towards energy-related applications. Display omitted
•NiFe-BLDH/NC nanocomposite with multistage decentralized architecture has been prepared.•The conversion of waste biomass into NC complies with the concept of green and sustainable.•The as-synthesized NiFe-BLDH/NC nanocomposite exhibits outstanding OER activity.•The superior OER performance may ascribed to the strong synergetic effect of NiFe-BLDH and NC.•The existing of borate anion in electrocatalyst also play an important role in improving OER performance.
Recently, deep learning based point cloud descriptors have achieved impressive results in the place recognition task. Nonetheless, due to the sparsity of point clouds, how to extract discriminative ...local features of point clouds to efficiently form a global descriptor is still a challenging problem. In this paper, we propose a pyramid point cloud transformer network (PPT-Net) to learn the discriminative global descriptors from point clouds for efficient retrieval. Specifically, we first develop a pyramid point transformer module that adaptively learns the spatial relationship of the different k-NN neighboring points of point clouds, where the grouped self-attention is proposed to extract discriminative local features of the point clouds. The grouped self-attention not only enhances long-term dependencies of the point clouds, but also reduces the computational cost. In order to obtain discriminative global descriptors, we construct a pyramid VLAD module to aggregate the multi-scale feature maps of point clouds into the global descriptors. By applying VLAD pooling on multi-scale feature maps, we utilize the context gating mechanism on the multiple global descriptors to adaptively weight the multi-scale global context information into the final global descriptor. Experimental results on the Oxford dataset and three in-house datasets show that our method achieves the state-of-the-art on the point cloud based place recognition task. Code is available at https://github.com/fpthink/PPT-Net.
Increased bandwidth per pin is necessary to support the growing data throughput in mobile systems. This article presents a low-power simultaneous bidirectional (SBD) transceiver employing a novel ...voltage-mode driver with a resistor-transconductance (R-gm) hybrid subtractor to enable concurrent transmission and reception of data on a single differential channel. A finite impulse response (FIR) filter-based adaptive echo cancellation system that cancels both near- and far-end echoes allows for the support of a wide range of channels, while a continuous-time linear equalizer (CTLE) efficiently compensates for channel loss. The quarter-rate source-synchronous transceiver utilizes a low-complexity phase interpolator-based clock and data alignment system to set the optimum data sampling point. Fabricated in 28-nm CMOS, the 32-Gb/s SBD transceiver achieves 1.83 mW/Gb/s and compensates 10.2-dB loss at a bit error rate (BER) <; 10 -12 .
To investigate the species distribution of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) among tuberculosis (TB) specimens collected from January 2013 to December 2018 at Peking Union Medical Hospital ...(Beijing), China. NTM species identification was carried out by DNA microarray chip.
Mycobacterial species were detected in 1514 specimens from 1508 patients, among which NTM accounted for 37.3% (565/1514), increasing from a proportion of 15.6% in 2013 to 46.1% in 2018 (P < 0.001). Among the 565 NTM positive specimens, the majority (55.2%) were from female patients. Furthermore, patients aged 45-65 years accounted for 49.6% of the total patients tested. Among 223 NTM positive specimens characterized further, the majority (86.2%) were from respiratory tract, whilst 3.6 and 3.1% were from lymph nodes and pus, respectively. Mycobacterium intracellulare (31.8%) and Mycobacterium chelonae / Mycobacterium abscessus (21.5%) were the most frequently detected species, followed by M. avium (13.5%), M. gordonae (11.7%), M. kansasii (7.6%), and others.
The proportion of NTM among mycobacterial species detected in a tertiary hospital in Beijing, China, increased rapidly from year 2013 to 2018. Middle-aged patients are more likely to be infected with NTM, especially females. Mycobacterium intracellulare and Mycobacterium chelonae/ Mycobacterium abscessus were the most frequently detected NTM pathogens. Accurate and timely identification of NTM is important for diagnosis and treatment.
In this paper, by using the monotonicity rule for the ratio of two Laplace transforms, we prove that the function
x
↦
1
24
x
(
ln
Γ
(
x
+
1
/
2
)
−
x
ln
x
+
x
−
ln
2
π
)
+
1
−
120
7
x
2
is strictly ...increasing from
(
0
,
∞
)
onto
(
1
,
1860
/
343
)
. This not only yields some known and new inequalities for the gamma function, but also gives some completely monotonic functions related to the gamma function.
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