CellMarker 2.0 (http://bio-bigdata.hrbmu.edu.cn/CellMarker or http://117.50.127.228/CellMarker/) is an updated database that provides a manually curated collection of experimentally supported markers ...of various cell types in different tissues of human and mouse. In addition, web tools for analyzing single cell sequencing data are described. We have updated CellMarker 2.0 with more data and several new features, including (i) Appending 36 300 tissue-cell type-maker entries, 474 tissues, 1901 cell types and 4566 markers over the previous version. The current release recruits 26 915 cell markers, 2578 cell types and 656 tissues, resulting in a total of 83 361 tissue-cell type-maker entries. (ii) There is new marker information from 48 sequencing technology sources, including 10X Chromium, Smart-Seq2 and Drop-seq, etc. (iii) Adding 29 types of cell markers, including protein-coding gene lncRNA and processed pseudogene, etc. Additionally, six flexible web tools, including cell annotation, cell clustering, cell malignancy, cell differentiation, cell feature and cell communication, were developed to analysis and visualization of single cell sequencing data. CellMarker 2.0 is a valuable resource for exploring markers of various cell types in different tissues of human and mouse.
Considering the variations in carbon concentrations among different plant components can significantly improve carbon storage estimates. The aim of this study was to estimate the biomass and carbon ...storage and sequestration in Caragana intermedia Kuang et H. C. Fu plantations for six different ages. The biomass and carbon sequestration in shrub biomass were quantified using a destructive method that involved analysing the carbon concentrations in the leaves, branches, stem bark, stem wood, roots > 5 mm, 2 mm < roots ≤ 5 mm, and roots ≤ 2 mm. The biomass and biomass carbon density of the C. intermedia plantations increased with the age of the stands. The biomass carbon density of the woody components was at its maximum in the 30-year-old plantation (14.27 ± 2.71 t·ha
), indicating that C. intermedia plantations in alpine sandy land are an important carbon pool. The carbon accumulation rate of the woody components was higher during the early stages of plantation development. The carbon concentrations differed significantly among the components but changed only slightly with the stand age. The weighted mean carbon concentration of the woody components, which was found to be 44%, must be considered when estimating the long-term carbon pools in C. intermedia plantations.
Since the traditional transformer fault diagnosis method based on dissolved gas analysis (DGA) is challenging to meet today’s engineering needs, this paper proposes a multi-model fusion transformer ...fault diagnosis method based on TimesNet and Informer. First, the original TimesNet structure is improved by adding the MCA module to the Inception structure of the original TimesBlock to reduce the model complexity and computational burden; second, the MUSE attention mechanism is introduced into the original TimesNet to act as a bridge, so that associations can be carried out effectively among the local features, thus enhancing the modeling capability of the model; finally, when constructing the feature module, the TimesNet and Informer multilevel parallel feature extraction modules are introduced, making full use of the local features of the convolution and the global correlation of the attention mechanism module for feature summarization, so that the model learns more time-series information. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, the model is trained and tested on the public DGA dataset, and the model is compared and experimented with classical models such as Informer and Transformer. The experimental results show that the model has a strong learning ability for transformer fault data and has an advantage in accuracy compared with other models, which can provide a reference for transformer fault diagnosis.
Tobacco black shank induced by
Phytophthora nicotianae
causes significant yield losses in tobacco plants. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a pivotal role in plant biotic stress responses and have great ...potential in tobacco breeding for disease resistance. However, the roles of miRNAs in tobacco plants in response to
P. nicotianae
infection has not been well characterized. In this study, we found that Nta-miR6155, a miRNA specific to
Solanaceae
crops, was significantly induced in
P. nicotianae
infected tobacco. Some of predicted target genes of Nta-miR6155 were also observed to be involved in disease resistance. To further investigate the function of miR6155 in tobacco during
P. nicotianae
infection, Nta-miR6155 overexpression plants (miR6155-OE) were generated in the Honghua Dajinyuan tobacco variety (HD, the main cultivated tobacco variety in China). We found that the Nta-miR6155 overexpression enhanced the resistance in tobacco towards
P. nicotianae
infections. The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was significantly lower and antioxidant enzyme activities were significantly higher in miR6155-OE plants than those in control HD plants during
P. nicotianae
infection. In addition, we found that the accumulation of salicylic acid and the expression of salicylic acid biosynthesis and signal transduction-related genes is significantly higher in miR6155-OE plants in comparison to the control HD plants. Furthermore, we found that Nta-miR6155 cleaved target genes
NtCIPK18
to modulate resistance towards
P. nicotianae
in tobacco plants. Additionally, phenotypic analysis of miR6155-OE plants showed that Nta-miR6155 could inhibit the growth of tobacco by suppressing nitrogen uptake and photosynthesis. In conclusion, our findings indicated that miR6155 plays a crucial role in the regulation of growth and resistance against
P. nicotianae
infections in tobacco plants.
To study the corresponding strategies for controlling cancer in older adults aged 60 and above in China, a comprehensive assessment of disease burden is required. Therefore, we will introduce the ...cancer epidemiological characteristics of older adults in China over a recent 12 year period.
The age-period-cohort model was constructed using the cancer incidence data from the Chinese Cancer Registry Annual Report published in 2008-2019. The annual change percentage (APC) was estimated by log-linear regression to reflect the time trend. The data from the GLOBOCAN 2020 database was selected for worldwide comparative analysis.
The cancer incidence in older adults aged 60 and above in China showed a decreasing trend (APC = -0.73%,
= 0.009). The urban/rural ratio of cancer incidence increased from 0.94 to 1.07 (t = 3.52,
< 0.05), while the sex ratio (male/female) showed a significant decreasing trend only in rural areas (t = -6.77,
< 0.05), and the ratio decreased from 2.02 to 1.72. The results of the age-period-cohort model showed that the cancer incidence increased with age in both males and females, urban and rural areas. The RR of period effect increased from 2005 to 2010, then decreased from 2010 to 2015, and the downward trend was more obvious. The RR of the later-born cohort was lower than that of the earlier-born cohort in rural areas. Lung, gastric, colorectal, esophageal, liver, and breast cancers were common cancers in Chinese older adults. Lung cancer incidence ranked first in males, and it decreased with time in the 75-79 and 80-84 age groups (APC
= -1.10%, APC
= -0.88%, all
< 0.05). Breast cancer incidence ranked first among female in the 60-64 age group and showed an increasing trend (APC
= 1.52%,
< 0.05).
The cancer incidence in Chinese older adults aged 60 and above showed a decreasing trend, but it was still at a relatively high level. The key targets of prevention and treatment should be males, urban areas, younger people, older adults aged 60-69, lung, gastrointestinal, and breast cancers in the future.
Scientific analysis of the spatial features and driving factors of homestead agglomeration in different landform types of mountainous and hilly areas in Southwest China is of great significance for ...the optimization of national spatial patterns and high-quality rural development. This paper selects 22 villages in 3 towns with different landform types in Chongqing and examines the spatial features and driving factors of homestead agglomeration in different landform types from the perspectives of terrain gradient, kernel density estimation, farmer household agglomeration status, and landscape index. We analyzed the agglomeration spatial features of different landform types and explored their driving factors and mechanisms. It was found that (1) the distribution of homesteads in mountainous and hilly areas has obvious terrain gradient characteristics, and the layout of platform area homesteads is not constrained by terrain conditions. (2) Chongqing homesteads show a spatially dispersed pattern, but the degree of homestead spatial agglomeration varies significantly among different landform types, with those in mountainous and hilly areas being mainly dispersed and those in platform areas being mainly clustered. (3) Homestead spatial agglomeration is characterized by a combination of factors inside and outside the rural system and farmers’ willingness. There are differences in the driving factors of homestead agglomeration in different landform types. Homestead agglomeration in mountainous and hilly areas is mainly driven externally, while homestead agglomeration in platform areas is mainly driven internally. In both situations, farmers’ willingness must be fully considered. The results of this study can provide a scientific basis for the spatial planning and optimal allocation of land resources in the southwestern hilly area.
Plant photosynthesis is one of the most important physiological processes for plant survival and growth. Studies on the photosynthesis characteristics of sand-fixing vegetation of different ages in ...alpine sandy land provide a scientific basis and theoretical support for vegetation restoration and forest management in the region. In this study, the photosynthesis and water potential of Caragana intermedia plantations 5-, 7-, 10-, 12-, 18- and 32-year-old were measured, and meteorological data was obtained simultaneously. Results showed that utilization efficiency of light energy first decreased and then increased as plants grew; while in the case of CO2, utilization efficiency first increased and then decreased. The highest correlation coefficient between photosynthetic rate (Pn) and physiological or ecological factors were stomatal conductance (Gs) and CO2, respectively. Water potential of C. intermedia decreased then increased on a daily basis; but in old-aged individuals was significantly lower than that of the young-aged, showing a negative correlation with photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). Plants water consumption and water absorption capacity increase to resist external environment, in a physiological adaptation response to the increment of light.
The construction of 2-amino-1,3-selenazole skeleton was realized via the PhICl2/KSeCN-enabled electrophilic selenocyanation of β-enaminones and β-enamino esters followed by intramolecular cyclization ...under basic conditions. Compared to the classical Hantzsch strategy that utilizes selenourea or its analogues as starting materials or crucial intermediates, this method might represent an alternative approach for the assembly of 1,3-selenazole framework through a different pathway.
The high cycle fatigue properties of IN718 alloy treated by warm laser shock processing (WLSP) were studied after high-temperature ageing at both room temperature and 600 ℃. The strengthening and ...toughening mechanism of WLSP on the hardened surface layer of IN718 alloy was elucidated to reveal the highly stable strengthening effects at high temperature. It was found that the thermally assisted surface hardening techniques had more obvious advantages in maintaining fatigue resistance and prolonging fatigue life of the alloy with the hardened surface layer during long-term service at elevated temperature, comparing with the conventional laser shock peening (LSP). After WLSP treatment, complex structures of γ″ phase/high-density dislocation with stacking faults (SFs) and nano-sized twins in γ″ phases surrounded by the more stable and higher density of geometrically necessary dislocations (GNDs), formed in the hardened surface layer. Therefore, a remarkable strengthening effect in the hardened surface layer was achieved due to the production of more stable hetero-deformation induced (HDI) stress. Meanwhile, the substructure evolution, compressive residual stress reduction and γ″ phase growth in the hardened layer of WLSP alloy were also inhibited during high-temperature ageing, owing to the existence of the special structure, contributing stability of microstructure and strengthening effect under conditions of high-temperature ageing and subsequent cyclic loading at high temperature. Thus, both the fatigue crack initiation resistance and initiation time of WLSP alloy can be improved in the surface of specimen. This is the main reason why after high-temperature ageing the fatigue resistance of WLSP sample can be kept stably and the median fatigue strength can be improved at both room temperature and 600 ℃.
•The mechanism of WLSP alloy with excellent properties stability at high temperature was studied.•Fatigue resistance was retained to a large degree for WLSP alloy after long term ageing.•Complex structure of γ″ phase/high-density dislocation with stack faults and nano-twins in γ″ phases were observed.•WLSP provided the hardened layer with high GND density and strong HDI strengthening effect.•The complex structure contributed to the good stability of microstructures and properties.
The microstructure evolution behavior and its mechanism of the surface treated IN718 superalloy by laser shocking peening (LSP) and warm laser shocking peening (WLSP) followed by long-term aging at ...high temperature ranging from 600 °C to 680 °C were investigated in the present study. It was found that the substructure evolution behavior, compressive residual stress reduction and γ″ phase coarsening of the hardened surface layer of WLSP sample could be effectively inhibited at high temperature, in comparison with those of LSP counterpart. Owing to the formation of complex structure of γ″ phase and high-density dislocation with stacking faults (SFs) and micro-twins in γ″ phase in the hardened layer of WLSP alloy, more stable and higher density geometrically necessary dislocations (GNDs) were developed around γ″ phase, which changed the micro-stress distribution of the hardened layer and produced more stable hetero-deformation induced strengthening effects. The findings of the present study provide a new cognition for further deepening the micro-mechanism of strengthening and toughening of hardened surface layer in WLSP treated IN718 superalloy at high temperature, promoting the more practical application of WLSP technology in the manufacturing field of key components of superalloys.
•High temperature aging was performed on WLSP strengthened IN 718 alloy.•Strengthening effect of WLSP showed excellent high temperature stability.•Complex Structure of γ″ phase/high-density dislocation were formed in WLSP alloy.•Stacking faults and micro-twins were included in γ″ of this complex structure.•This particular structure and GNDs density were characterized by HRTEM and EBSD.
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