The future air warfare is developing in the unmanned and autonomous direction.The autonomous air warfare decision-making methods are one of the important support methods in future.Due to dimensional ...limitations,traditional air combat decision-making methods cannot handle continuous action and long-sighted decision-making problems.Based on the Actor-Critic method,a unified architecture for continuous decision-making in air combat is proposed in this paper.Combining air combat training experience,the state space,action space,reward and training subjects are rationally designed,and a variety of continuous action space reinforcement learning algorithms are tested in high uncertainty.The learning effect in the air combat scenario is visually verified.The results show that:based on the method architecture proposed in this paper,long-sighted value optimization under continuous actions can be realized,the agent can make optimal decisions in complex air combat situations,and has a high kill rate against random maneuve
Modern autonomous emergency braking (AEB) system is a typical safety-critical cyber-physical system (CPS) synthesizing the vehicular communications, control, and proception technologies. However, the ...control performance of braking can be easily deteriorated by the road adhesion saturation in physical environment and the multi-hop communication network-induced delays in cyber systems. Motivated by this, a new multi-hop loop delay analysis method and its associated upper-bound expression is proposed to scrutinize the system uncertainties, within the scope of CPS. Following this endeavor, a hierarchical cyber-physical control scheme for the AEB system is proposed to mitigate the adverse effects of road adhesion saturation and multi-hop communication network-induced delays. At the upper layer, a μ-adaptive time-to-collision (TTC) planning strategy is adopted to generate the desired acceleration for collision risk avoidance considering the road adhesion saturation. At the lower layer, an <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">{H}_\infty </tex-math></inline-formula>-based linear quadratic regulator (LQR) is designed for acceleration tracking with strong robustness to the uncertainties of cyber system. Hardware-In-Loop (HIL) experiments validate that the proposed method is superior in terms of braking accuracy and the robustness to the system uncertainties.
A laboratory-made tumor cell detection device was fabricated based on both surface plasmon resonance imaging（SPRi） and image processing.In this device,a gravity-induced flow injection chip（gFIC） was ...exploited to replace a pump.Also two charge coupled devices（CCDs） were used to detect HepG2 cells by SPRi and image processing,respectively.The results of two CCDs are associated.Protein A was used to modify the sensing surface.The inlet angle was carefully adjusted for the device to get an enhanced image.In the test,the contrast among cell solutions at different concentrations can be easily distinguished.The other CCD using image processing can tell false-positive in some degree.This detection is label-free,real time,and precise.
A number of portable surface plasmon resonance (SPR) devices have been developed for point-of-care (POC) testing. Meanwhile, micropumps have been fabricated to be integrated into these devices for ...flow injection analysis (FIA). However, the (micro) pumps, the tubes and their external control units were space-consuming. Here we developed a power-free flow injection analysis (FIA) method for SPR detection based on a gravity-induced flow injection (gFI) system. The gFI system was tubeless and did not need to be controlled. The fluid was driven into the detection areas by its own gravitational force. A transition channel was used to increase the liquid-level difference between the inlet reservoir and the outlet reservoir. After a liquid sample was placed in the inlet reservoir, the flow rate of the liquid sample was increased in the transition channel. Before it arrived at the sensing surface, the flow rate of the sample was steady (with an error of less than 10%). The fluctuation of the flow rate had an influence on the SPR response signal, which was successfully denoised using an internal reference. With the gFI system, the SPR imaging biosensor was able to perform real-time detection manually. The SPR responses of DNA hybridization and protein immobilization were successfully obtained.
•The system comprises a transition channel that is used for fluid acceleration.•The system could provide sufficient biosample volume.•The system could provide a relatively stable flow rate.•The system is tubeless and needs no external control.
A laboratory-made angle-scanning surface plasmon resonance (SPR) imaging device using a high-precision piezoceramic motor has been fabricated. A rhombic structure was exploited to convert the linear ...motion of the piezoceramic motor into the angular motion of the laser and CCD arrays. The SPR imaging system was used to detect the mismatched bases in the caspase-3 DNA with the advantage of high-throughput. DNAs containing different numbers of mismatches were studied directly using the SPR imager. One strand of the DNA was modified with an amino-group and then spotted on the chemically modified sensing surface viaamino-carboxyl reaction. The uniformity of the probe spots was measured, and the standard deviation of the resonance angle was less than 0.03 degree . According to the results of the DNA hybridization, the SPR signal generated by the single strand DNA (ssDNA) with less than 3 mutated bases was comparable to that generated by the complementary ssDNA. These results showed that the SPR sensor could carry out comparison and differentiation between the caspase-3 DNA sequences. A single mismatch in DNA could be distinguished. The detection limit was 25 pmol L super(-1). This SPR imaging method for detection of the mismatched bases in the caspase-3 is fast, label-free, visual and sensitive.
Objective： Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation （PRFA） is known to be as effective as hepatectomy for small hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） in the long-term. We wished to ascertain how it is for ...recurrent small HCC. Methods： From January 2009 to November 2011, a series of sixty-one patients were included in the study according to the criteria： each patient had one recurrent HCC, less than 5 cm in diameter. Twenty-six of the 61 patients were treated with PRFA and the other 35 were treated with repeat hepatectomy. Results： The interval from first surgery to recurrent for repeat hepatectomy and PRFA groups were （1,239.60±1,017.00） d and （903.42±975.11） d respectively （P=0.066）. The tumor-free time after repeat hepatectomy and PRFA were （310.23±159.50） d and （278.27±123.29） d respectively （P=0.584）. Size of tumor in repeat hepatectomy and PRFA were （7.34±3.16） cm2 and （5.59±3.40） cm2 （P=0.215）, the total expenditure for each patient of the two groups were （26,150.66±7,923.60） yuan and （21,135.00±1,156.76） yuan （RMB）, and the time of hospitalization for each of the two groups were （15.29±4.28） d and （7.46±2.20） d （P〈0.001）. Conclusion： PRFA is proved to be as effective as repeat hepatectomy in the treatment of recurrent small HCC, and superior to repeat hepatectomy as it is less invasive.
Hepatocellular carcinoma is a highly malignant neoplasm and frequently involves extrahepatic organs but decidedly rarely occurs in brain. We describe 3 cases of brain metastases in patients suffering ...from post-HBV hepatocarcinoma. The ＂stroke-like＂ presentation of the cerebral localization of the disease can be explained by both the important vascularization of the tumor and the frequent hemocoagulative alterations caused by the cirrhosis. The importance of diagnostic neuroradiology is briefly addressed, with reference to the fundamental role played by MRI. Surgery of these lesions does not present any particular technical problems as long as they are located in accessible areas and the patient＇s general and neurological conditions allow it. Postoperative radiotherapy seems to improve the quality and quantity of residual life, although the number of patients described in the literature was too small to draw any definite conclusion in this regard.
This paper proposes an improved current type LC parallel resonant bi-directional isolated DC-DC converter with high efficiency and wide current regulation range for the application of interconnection ...of battery bank and DC bus in distributed energy storage as the interface between battery and DC bus. By establishing a simplified model of the converter and deriving the resonant inductor current, resonant capacitor voltage and output inductor current in the time domain, the resonant capacitor voltage gain curve and current transfer ratio curve are obtained in the average value, and the time domain analysis avoids the errors caused by the conventional fundamental analysis method when the switching frequency differs from the resonant frequency. The above derived current transfer ratio curves show that the proposed converter has a wide current regulation range for energy storage applications, and therefore, the converter can realize the control of energy storage charging and discharging with frequency modulation. Finally, a 7.5kW, 50V to 300V prototype with a power density of 1.15W/cm 3 and a peak efficiency of 96.70% is built, and the validity of the previous analysis is experimentally verified.
Objective： After pancreaticoduodenectomy （PD）, the postoperative gastroduodenal artery stump （GDAS） hemorrhage is one of the most serious complications. The purpose of this study is to determine ...whether wrapping the GDAS during PD could decrease the postoperative GDAS hemorrhage incidence. Methods： A retrospective review involving 280 patients who underwent PD from 2005 to 2012 was performed. Wrapping the GDAS during PD was defined as ＂Wrapping the GDAS using the teres hepatis ligamentum during PD＂. A total of 140 patients accepted the ＂wrapping＂ procedure （wrapping group）. The other 140 patients didn＇t apply the procedure （non-wrapping group）. Age, sex, preoperative data, estimated intraoperative blood loss, postoperative complications, pathologic parameters and hospitalization time were compared between two groups. ResultsI There were no significant differences in patient characteristics between two groups. After wrapping, the incidence of postoperative GDAS bleeding decreased significantly （1/140 vs. 9/140, P=0.01）. The rates of the other complications （such as intra-abdominal infection pancreatic fistula, billiary fistula, gastrointestinal bleeding, et aL） showed no significant differences. Conclusions： Wrapping the GDAS during PD significantly reduced the postoperative GDAS hemorrhage incidence. And the ＂wrapping＂ had no obvious influence on other complications.
Castleman disease is a rare disorder of the lymphoid tissue, characterized by lymph node enlargement with distinctive histologic features, It usually occurs within the mediastinum and rarely within ...the abdomen. It is usually indistinguishable from other mediastinal and hilar masses before determining a surgical approach. We present two cases of Castleman disease within the abdomen mimicking a neoplasm
