Heterosis has successfully enhanced maize productivity and quality. Although significant progress has been made in delineating the genetic basis of heterosis, the molecular mechanisms underlying its ...genetic components remain less explored. Allele-specific expression (ASE), the imbalanced expression between two parental alleles in hybrids, is increasingly being recognized as a factor contributing to heterosis. ASE is a complex process regulated by both epigenetic and genetic variations in response to developmental and environmental conditions.
In this study, we explored the differential characteristics of ASE by analyzing the transcriptome data of two maize hybrids and their parents under four light conditions. On the basis of allele expression patterns in different hybrids under various conditions, ASE genes were divided into three categories: bias-consistent genes involved in basal metabolic processes in a functionally complementary manner, bias-reversal genes adapting to the light environment, and bias-specific genes maintaining cell homeostasis. We observed that 758 ASE genes (ASEGs) were significantly overlapped with heterosis quantitative trait loci (QTLs), and high-frequency variations in the promoter regions of heterosis-related ASEGs were identified between parents. In addition, 10 heterosis-related ASEGs participating in yield heterosis were selected during domestication.
The comprehensive analysis of ASEGs offers a distinctive perspective on how light quality influences gene expression patterns and gene-environment interactions, with implications for the identification of heterosis-related ASEGs to enhance maize yield.
As outlined in the 3Gpp Release 16, 5G satellite access is important for 5G network development in the future. A terrestrial-satellite network integrated with 5G has the characteristics of low delay, ...high bandwidth, and ubiquitous coverage. A few researchers have proposed integrated schemes for such a network; however, these schemes do not consider the possibility of achieving optimization of the delay characteristic by changing the computing mode of the 5G satellite network. We propose a 5G satellite edge computing framework (5GsatEC), which aims to reduce delay and expand network coverage. This framework consists of embedded hardware platforms and edge computing microservices in satellites. To increase the flexibility of the framework in complex scenarios, we unify the resource management of the central processing unit (CPU), graphics processing unit (GPU), and field-programmable gate array (FPGA); we divide the services into three types: system services, basic services, and user services. In order to verify the performance of the framework, we carried out a series of experiments. The results show that 5GsatEC has a broader coverage than the ground 5G network. The results also show that 5GsatEC has lower delay, a lower packet loss rate, and lower bandwidth consumption than the 5G satellite network.
Erythritol is a zero-calorie sweetener that is widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, and medical industries. Crude glycerol is the main by-product of biodiesel, and the effective utilization of ...crude glycerol will help to improve biodiesel viability. Previous studies on the production of erythritol from
using crude glycerol as a carbon source have focused on optimizing the fermentation process of the mutant
Wratislavia K1, while metabolic engineering has not been successfully applied.
To this end, we engineered the yeast
to increase the productivity of this strain. Wild strains tolerant to high concentrations of crude glycerol were screened and identified. A series of rational metabolic approaches were employed to improve erythritol production. Among them, the engineered strain Y-04, obtained by tandem overexpression of
and
, significantly increased glycerol assimilation by 33.3%, which was consistent with the results of RT-qPCR analysis. The effects of tandem overexpression of
,
,
and
on erythritol synthesis were also evaluated. The best results were obtained using a mutant that overexpressed
,
and
and knocked out
. The final Y-11 strain produced 150 g/l erythritol in a 5-L bioreactor with a yield and productivity of 0.62 g/g and 1.25 g/l/h, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest erythritol yield and productivity from crude glycerol ever reported in
.
This work demonstrated that overexpression of
,
and
and knockdown of
could be used to improve crude glycerol utilization and erythritol synthesis in
. The process parameters such as erythritol yield and productivity were significantly elevated, which is valuable for industrial applications. Crude glycerol, as a carbon source, could efficiently restrict the synthesis of by-products while enhancing the generation of erythritol, compared to glucose. This indicates considerable potential for synthesizing value-added products from crude glycerol by
.
Background:
To investigate the pathophysiology of age-related hearing loss (ARHL) and the mechanism of resveratrol (RSV) in prevention and treatment of ARHL.
Methods:
C57BL/6 mice of different ages ...were used in this study. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) was performed to assess hearing and identify abnormalities. Surface preparation and hair cell-specific marker Myo VIIa were employed to evaluated cochlear hair cell losses. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was to observe the microstructure of the organ of Corti (OC). The expression of related proteins in the RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL pathway in cochlear tissue was detected by immunofluorescence.
Results:
In old mice (15 months), the ABR threshold increased significantly compared with the young mice. After 50 mg/kg RSV intervention, the hearing threshold of the old mice was significantly reduced at 8 kHz and 12 kHz as well as click. 100 mg/kg RSV led to a statistically significant reduction in hearing threshold only at clicks, whereas 300 mg/kg RSV showed no difference at all frequencies tested. In terms of cochlear hair cell loss, the damage of OHC and IHC was severe in old mice, but the damage was evidently reduced in RSV 50 mg/kg group. Notably, in the RSV 300 mg/kg group, the loss and disorientation of both the OHCs and IHCs were aggravated. Under SEM, a large number of OHCs were lost in the old group, but increased significantly in the RSV 50 mg/kg group, and even the OHCs were more seriously damaged in the RSV 300 mg/kg group. Furthermore, immunofluorescence showed that 50 mg/kg RSV significantly reduced the expression of RIPK3, RIPK1, and MLKL in the cochlea during aging, especially in necroptosis-sensitive regions OCs and SGN.
Conclusion:
Low-dose RSV inhibited RIPK3-mediated necroptosis in aging cochlea and delayed the onset of ARHL, which was a promising therapeutic strategy for ARHL.
Camera localization is an essential technique in many applications, such as robot navigation, mixed reality, and unmanned vehicle. We are committed to solving the problem of predicting the 6-DoF pose ...of cameras from a single color image in a given three-Dimensional (3D) environment. In this paper, we proposed a robust learning model for it. Basically, our proposed methodology consists of two steps: image retrieval and space reprojection. The former is in charge of simultaneous localization and mapping based on pre-captured reference images that rely on the correspondence between pixel points and scene coordinates; whereas the latter carries out camera calibration between the 2D image plane and the 3D scene. Given a two-Dimensional (2D) image, the initial localization is accomplished rapidly by matching a reference image using Siamese networks. More precise localization is achieved by camera calibration between the 2D image and the 3D scene using a fully convolutional network. The experimental results on the public dataset show that our model is more robust and expandable than the previous methods. At the end of this paper, we also apply the system to Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) localization and achieve good results.
•Chemiluminescent immunoassay can replace microneutralization test for testing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 neutralizing antibodies.•Mathematical models can evaluate the ...effectiveness, protectiveness and durability of vaccines.•Only 5.35% of vaccinees had protective capability of NAb following the second dose of vaccine.•People should receive a third dose of vaccine, and the vaccine should be administered once every 6 months.
A specific and sensitive automated chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) was developed to detect neutralizing antibody (NAb) levels. This assay can be used for the diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, treatment and vaccine evaluation.
The SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) and a stabilized version of the spike ectodomain as antigens were detected by CLIA. Sera NAb titers and concentrations from 860 SARS-CoV-2 vaccinees, 232 SARS-CoV-2 convalescent patients and 675 healthy individuals were tested by microneutralization test (MNT) and CLIA, respectively. Mathematical models were established to evaluate the relationship between two variables in different groups.
With the RBD-based CLIA protocol, CLIA can be used to replace MNT to test SARS-CoV-2 NAb. Vaccine effectiveness, protectiveness and durability can be evaluated effectively by mathematical models. It is
Analysing the relationship between NAb titers and concentrations, R2 for the decision-making tree was 0.870 and that of progressive linear fitting was 0.821. The receiver operating characteristic curve indicated specificity of 78.1%, sensitivity of 87.4%, cut-off value of 6.43 AU/mL and borderline range of 5.79–7.07 AU/mL for CLIA. Three-quarters (75.4%) of vaccinees were found to be NAb positive, and 5.35% vaccinees had NAb protective capability. The half-life of NAb in vaccinees was 10–11 weeks.for vaccinees to take a NAb assay periodically.
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This article presents a critical view of the author's son's biography writing project using Asian Critical Race Theory (Museus & Iftlkar, 2013; Museus, 2014), which refers to "a perspective that ...outlines a unique set of tenets that are designed to provide a useful analytic framework for examining and understanding the ways that racism affects Asian Americans in the United States" (p. 23).
Copy number variation (CNV) can affect gene function and even individual phenotypic traits by changing the transcription and translation level of related genes, and it also plays an important role in ...species evolution. Chloride voltage-gated channel 2 (
) encodes a voltage-gated chloride channel (CLC-2), which has a wide organ distribution and is ubiquitously expressed. Based on previous studies, we hypothesize that
could be a candidate gene involved in cell volume regulation, transepithelial transport and cell proliferation. This study aimed to explore CNVs in the
gene and investigate its association with growth traits in four Chinese cattle breeds (Yunling cattle, Xianan cattle, Qinchuan cattle and Pinan cattle). We identified there are two copy number variation regions (CNV1: 3600 bp, including exon 2-11; CNV2: 4800 bp, including exon 21-22) of the
gene. The statistical analysis showed that the CNV1 mutation in the YL cattle population was significantly associated with cannon circumference (
< 0.01). The CNV2 mutation in the XN cattle population had a significant effect on body slanting length, chest girth and body weight (
< 0.05). In the YL cattle, the association analysis of
gene CNV1 and CNV2 combination with cannon circumference was significant (
< 0.01). Our results provide evidence that CNV1 and CNV2 in
are associated with growth traits in two different cattle populations and could be used as candidate markers for cattle molecular breeding.
Brahman cattle are tolerant to parasite challenges and heat stress. Yunling cattle are three-way hybrids that are half Brahman cattle, a fourth Murray Grey cattle and a fourth Yunnan Yellow cattle, ...with good beef performance. The hematological and biochemical parameters can reflect the physiology and metabolic conditions of cattle, and there are valuable indicators of production performance and adaptability that can be found by studying the cattle. To assess the health status and differences, we compared 55 hematological and biochemical parameters of 28 Brahman cattle and 65 Yunling cattle using an automatic biochemical analyzer. Our results showed that 27 hematological and biochemical indices of Brahman cattle were lower than those of Yunling cattle, whereas the other parameters were higher. There are 20 indices with significant differences that were detected between Brahman and Yunling cattle (with p ≤ 0.01 or 0.01 ≤ p ≤ 0.05, respectively), and no significant differences were found for other indices (p > 0.05). Based on these results, Yunling cattle may have a better physical condition than Brahman cattle, may be better at adapting to local environments, and can maintain a good production and reproduction performance. As a new breed that is half Brahman, the abilities of Yunling cattle, including adaptability, stress resistance and tolerance to crude feed, were better than Brahman cattle under the same management conditions.
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