Monolayer VSe2, featuring both charge density wave and magnetism phenomena, represents a unique van der Waals magnet in the family of metallic 2D transition‐metal dichalcogenides (2D‐TMDs). Herein, ...by means of in situ microscopy and spectroscopic techniques, including scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy, synchrotron X‐ray and angle‐resolved photoemission, and X‐ray absorption, direct spectroscopic signatures are established, that identify the metallic 1T‐phase and vanadium 3d1 electronic configuration in monolayer VSe2 grown on graphite by molecular‐beam epitaxy. Element‐specific X‐ray magnetic circular dichroism, complemented with magnetic susceptibility measurements, further reveals monolayer VSe2 as a frustrated magnet, with its spins exhibiting subtle correlations, albeit in the absence of a long‐range magnetic order down to 2 K and up to a 7 T magnetic field. This observation is attributed to the relative stability of the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic ground states, arising from its atomic‐scale structural features, such as rotational disorders and edges. The results of this study extend the current understanding of metallic 2D‐TMDs in the search for exotic low‐dimensional quantum phenomena, and stimulate further theoretical and experimental studies on van der Waals monolayer magnets.
Monolayer VSe2 represents a unique system for exploring the interplay between charge density wave and magnetism phenomena. Evidence of spin frustration is obtained in monolayer VSe2, which is significant toward the search for exotic low‐dimensional quantum phases and further theoretical and experimental studies of van der Waals monolayer magnets.
Superconducting materials hold great potential to bring radical changes for electric power and high-field magnet technology, enabling high-efficiency electric power generation, high-capacity ...loss-less electric power transmission, small lightweight electrical equipment, high-speed maglev transportation, ultra-strong magnetic field generation for high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) systems, future advanced high energy particle accelerators, nuclear fusion reactors, and so on. The performance, economy, and operating parameters (temperatures and magnetic fields) of these applications strongly depend on the electromagnetic and mechanical properties, as well as the manufacturing and material cost of superconductors. This perspective examines the basic properties relevant to practical applications and key issues of wire fabrication for practical superconducting materials, and describes their challenges and current state in practical applications. Finally, future perspectives for their opportunities and development in the applications of superconducting power and magnetic technologies are considered.
Display omitted
Condensed matter physics; superconductivity; solid state physics
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major world health problem and one of the most studied diseases, which are highly prevalent in the whole world, it is frequently associated with severe clinical ...complications, such as diabetic cardiomyopathy, nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy etc. Scientific research is continuously casting about for new monomer molecules from Chinese herbal medicine that could be invoked as candidate drugs for fighting against diabetes and its complications. Resveratrol (RES), a polyphenol phytoalexin, possesses diverse biochemical and physiological actions, including antiplatelet, estrogenic, and anti-inflammatory properties. It is recently gaining scientific interest for RES in controlling blood sugar and fighting against diabetes and its complications properties in various types of diabetic models. These beneficial effects seem to be due to the multiple actions of RES on cellular functions, which make RES become a promising molecule for the treatment of diabetes and diabetic complications. Here, we review the mechanism of action and potential therapeutic use of RES in prevention and mitigation of these diseases in recent ten years to provide a reference for further research and development of RES.
Robotics education has received an increasing attention in recent years as a means to build students' motivation, team collaboration skills, and other valuable 21st century competencies. Yet there is ...a lack of experimental studies to investigate and identify strategies to facilitate robotics education. This study adopted a 2 × 2 quasi‐experimental design to investigate two strategies: the incorporation of augmented reality (AR) and the introduction of competition in robotics activities. Students' robotics task performance, team collaboration processes, 21st century learning competencies and learning motivation were measured as dependent variables. The results indicated that AR significantly improved students' motivation, team processes, and 21st century competencies. Moreover, the effects of AR were more pronounced with the competition groups. Implications are drawn to provide guidelines on the use of AR and competition in robotics education.
Lay Description
What is currently known about the subject matter?
Robots in education have been recognized as an effective approach to enhance learning competencies.
The benefits of AR in learning gains and motivation.
What their paper adds to this?
To design robotics curricula that can be used in middle schools.
To understand what middle school students can learn from the robotics curricula.
The implications of study findings for practitioners
How to utilize AR in robotics education.
What are the structure and pace of robotics curricula for middle school students?
Recognition of self and nonself is important for outcrossing organisms, and different mating types establish the barrier against self-mating. In the unicellular ciliate T. thermophila, mating type ...determination requires complex DNA rearrangements at a single mat locus during conjugation to produce a type-specific gene pair (MTA and MTB) for 1 of 7 possible mating types. Surprisingly, we found that decreased expression of the DNA breakage-repair protein Ku80 at late stages of conjugation generated persistent selfing phenotype in the progeny. DNA analysis revealed multiple mating-type gene pairs as well as a variety of mis-paired, unusually arranged mating-type genes in these selfers that resemble some proposed rearrangement intermediates. They are found also in normal cells during conjugation and are lost after 10 fissions but are retained in Ku mutants. Silencing of TKU80 or TKU70-2 immediately after conjugation also generated selfing phenotype, revealing a hidden DNA rearrangement process beyond conjugation. Mating reactions between the mutant and normal cells suggest a 2-component system for self–nonself-recognition through MTA and MTB genes.
Temperature‐driven fluorescent NOT logic is demonstrated by exploiting predissociation in a 1,3,5‐trisubstituted Δ2‐pyrazoline on its own and when grafted onto silica microparticles. Related ...Δ2‐pyrazolines become proton‐driven YES and NOT logic gates on the basis of fluorescent photoinduced electron transfer (PET) switches. Additional PASS 1 and YES+PASS 1 logic gates on silica are also demonstrated within the same family. Beside these small‐molecule systems, a polymeric molecular thermometer based on a benzofurazan‐derivatized N‐isopropylacrylamide copolymer is attached to silica to produce temperature‐driven fluorescent YES logic.
A single family of compounds, 1,3,5‐triaryl‐Δ2‐pyrazolines, produces fluorescent logic gates in aqueous solution and on solid silica microparticles with H+ and temperature as inputs. H+‐driven YES, PASS 1, YES+PASS 1, NOT, as well as temperature‐driven NOT gates are demonstrated. H+‐driven logic gates are based on photoinduced electron transfer (PET), whereas the temperature‐driven cases depend on C(5)−N(1) predissociation. Temperature‐driven YES logic gates based on polyacrylamide polymers alongside push–pull benzofurazans are also introduced for tagging solid particles.
The general tool of fluorescent PET (photoinduced electron transfer) sensors/switches – a molecular design principle with engineering features – is outlined, with the aid of frontier orbital energy ...diagrams. Fluorophores such as anthracene, 1,3‐diaryl‐Δ2‐pyrazolines and 4‐amino‐1,8‐naphthalimides are employed within this system, alongside receptors such as amines, carboxylates, crown ethers and amino acids. This tool appealed to a multinational corporation for building a medical analyzer for electrolytes such as Na+, K+, Ca2+ and gases like CO2, which became a commercially successful application. Finally, the tool was a springboard for chemistry to cross into computer science. The field of molecular logic can elucidate how molecules inside us handle information. Molecular examples of the simplest logic gates such as YES, NOT, OR, AND are described. A case of a human‐level computation – visual edge detection – is also included.
Serendipity, in the form of personal encounters, gave birth to the generalization of fluorescent PET (photoinduced electron transfer) sensors and to their application in the OPTI blood gas and electrolyte analyzer. The serendipitous realization that a sensor can also be operated as a switch gave birth to the field of molecular logic‐based computation, which now has contributions from chemists, molecular biologists and other life scientists.
Carboxylesterases (CEs) exist as multiple types of isomers in humans, and two major types are CE1 and CE2. They are widely distributed in human tissues and well-known for their important roles in ...drug metabolism and pathology of various diseases. Thus, the detection of CEs in living systems could provide efficient proof in disease diagnostics, as well as important information regarding chemotherapeutic effects of antitumor drugs and prognosis. To develop a specific probe to discriminate CEs from other hydrolases, especially cholinesterases, is quite challenging due to their structural similarities and substrate specificity. To date, almost all of the fluorescent probes developed for CEs have been constructed with an acetyl group as the recognition unit. Herein we proposed a new design strategy of probe–cavity matching, which led to the identification of a new fluorogenic substrate (termed as HBT-CE) with high specificity toward both CE isomers and improved sensitivity, considering the higher binding affinity and catalysis efficiency. The promising capability of HBT-CE was further demonstrated for endogenous CEs imaging in living cells, zebrafish, and nude mice. In addition, HBT-CE was successfully applied in kinetically monitoring drug-induced CE regulation in cancer cells. All of these findings suggest that HBT-CE is a valuable tool for tracking and imaging endogenous CEs in complex biological systems.
Molecular AND logic gates
1
,
3
,
5
and
7
, which are designed according to principles of photoinduced electron transfer (PET) switching, respond to co-existing
Candida antarctica
lipase B and H
+
...(and Na
+
).
A meeting point for entities from chemistry, enzymology and computer science.
PurposeThis study aimed to develop a method to calculate the mattress indentation for further estimating spinal alignment.Design/methodology/approachA universal indentation calculation model is ...derived based on the system theory, and the deformation characteristics of each component are analyzed by the finite element (FE) model of a partial air-spring mattress under the initial air pressure of 0.01–0.025 MPa. Finally, the calculation error of the model is verified.FindingsThe results indicate that the indentation calculation model could describe the stain of a mattress given the load and the constitutive model of each element. In addition, the FE model of a partial air-spring mattress can be used for further simulation analysis with an error of 1.47–3.42 mm. Furthermore, the deformation of the series system is mainly contributed by the air spring and the components directly in contact with it, while the top component is mainly deflection deformation. In addition, the error of the calculation model is 2.17–5.59 mm on the condition of 0.01–0.025 MPa, satisfying the engineering application. Finally, the supine spinal alignment is successfully extracted from the mattress indentation.Research limitations/implicationsThe limitation of this study is that it needs to verify the practicality of the indentation calculation model for the Bonnier spiral spring mattress. The main feature of the Bonnier spring mattress is that all springs are connected, so the mattress deflection and neighborhood effect are more significant than those of the air-spring mattress. Therefore, the applicability of the model needs to be tested. Moreover, it is worth further research to reduce the deformation error of each component.Practical implicationsAs part of the series of studies on the intelligent air-spring mattress, the indentation-based evaluation method of spinal alignment in sleep postures will be studied for hardness and intelligent regulation based on this study.Social implicationsThe results of this research are ultimately used for the intelligent adjustment of air-spring mattresses, which automatically adjusts the hardness according to the user's sleep postures and spinal alignment, thus maintaining optimal spinal biomechanics. The successful application of this result could improve the sleep health of the general public.Originality/valueBased on the series system theory, an indentation calculation model for mattresses with arbitrary structure is proposed, overcoming the dependence of parameters on materials and their combinations when fitting the Burgers model. Further, the spinal alignment in supine posture is extracted from the indentation, laying a theoretical foundation for further recognition and adjustment of the spinal alignment of the intelligent mattress.
PDF
