Indigenous people in Latin America have mobilized in unprecedented ways - demanding recognition, equal protection, and subnational autonomy. These are remarkable developments in a region where ethnic ...cleavages were once universally described as weak. Recently, however, indigenous activists and elected officials have increasingly shaped national political deliberations. Deborah Yashar explains the contemporary and uneven emergence of Latin American indigenous movements - addressing both why indigenous identities have become politically salient in the contemporary period and why they have translated into significant political organizations in some places and not others. She argues that ethnic politics can best be explained through a comparative historical approach that analyzes three factors: changing citizenship regimes, social networks, and political associational space. Her argument provides insight into the fragility and unevenness of Latin America's third wave democracies and has broader implications for the ways in which we theorize the relationship between citizenship, states, identity, and social action.
Latin America has been one of the critical areas in the study of comparative politics. The region's experiments with installing and deepening democracy and promoting alternative modes of economic ...development have generated intriguing and enduring empirical puzzles. In turn, Latin America's challenges continue to spawn original and vital work on central questions in comparative politics: about the origins of democracy; about the relationship between state and society; about the nature of citizenship; about the balance between state and market.
The richness and diversity of the study of Latin American politics makes it hard to stay abreast of the developments in the many sub-literatures of the field. The Routledge Handbook of Latin American Politics offers an intellectually rigorous overview of the state of the field and a thoughtful guide to the direction of future scholarship. Kingstone and Yashar bring together the leading figures in the study of Latin America to present extensive empirical coverage, new original research, and a cutting-edge examination of the central areas of inquiry in the region.
This piece reflects on my work and its relationship to the study of citizenship. Throughout my career, I have studied citizenship from various vantage points - including the regimes that ...extend/restrict rights; the movements that seek to deepen citizenship; the organizations that can upend it; and the states that are necessary to protect it. As a whole, my scholarship speaks to the inherent tension between inclusion and exclusion as well as between promise and practice. In this context, my work features the importance of social movements struggling to contest (and advance) the boundaries of citizenship (and often human rights) - expanding who is included and the rights this affords.
Scholars of democratic consolidation have come to focus on the links between political institutions and enduring regime outcomes. This article takes issue with the conceptual and analytical ...underpinnings of this literature by highlighting how new political institutions, rather than securing democratic politics, have in fact had a more checkered effect. It delineates why the theoretical expectations of the democratic consolidation literature have not been realized and draws, by example, on the contemporary ethnic movements that are now challenging third-wave democracies. In particular, it highlights how contemporary indigenous movements, emerging in response to unevenly institutionalized reforms, pose a postliberal challenge to Latin America's I newly founded democracies. These movements have sparked political debates and constitutional reforms over community rights, territorial autonomy, and a multiethnic citizenry. As a whole, I they have laid bare the weakness of state institutions, the contested terms of democracy, and the I indeterminacy of ethnic accommodation in the region. As such, these movements highlight the need to qualify somewhat premature and narrow discussions of democratic consolidation in favor I of a broader research agenda on democratic politics.
World Politics is a quarterly journal founded in 1948. It publishes scholarly articles that speak to central debates and concerns in comparative politics and international relations. The journal ...publishes pieces that significantly advance theoretical debates, contribute original empirical knowledge, and deploy the most appropriate methods for the question at hand. The journal relies on a terrific and small staff. It is run by a dedicated editorial committee with the advice of a diverse and committed editorial board. Moreover, it relies on the good will and collegiality of scholars who volunteer their time to review our manuscripts and advise us in our triple blind review process (described in detail in the conclusion). For this we are enormously grateful as the strengths of the journal rely on this talented and extended team of scholars and staff. While there is much to be proud of, we are also concerned about the issues raised by Teele and Thelen (2017), who clearly demonstrate that the preponderance of articles published in political science journals are written by men. This is also true of World Politics. The World Politics editorial committee, therefore, was eager to assess the review process with an eye toward identifying if and where gender bias was in play. We did so with utmost commitment to the anonymity of the authors and reviewers. We tallied the data to analyze the front and back ends of the review process—from submissions to review to acceptance. The punchline is fourfold. First, men publish the lion’s share of articles in World Politics. Second, at World Politics we did not identify a gendered bias in the acceptance rates for solo-authored pieces. Men and women submitting solo-authored manuscripts have an equal likelihood of receiving an accept after being sent out for review; the rate of acceptance among reviewed manuscripts is 7.4% for both Solo Man and Solo Woman manuscripts. Third, we did identify notable variation in acceptance rates for coauthored articles. Among the pool of manuscripts that were sent out for review, coauthorship among single gender teams coincides with lower acceptance rates than both the overall acceptance rate and the acceptance rate for mixed gender teams. Teams of men and women have the greatest acceptance rates, while all women-teams have the lowest. None of the differences in acceptance rates are statistically significant based on tests conducted using several multiple logistic regressions. Fourth, withdrawal rates are highest among submissions by a solo man. This report is organized as follows. We share descriptive statistics (and how we conducted the study). We then assess the editorial process with the aid of a range of regressions, including an in-depth look at manuscript outcomes and reviewer recommendations. This is followed by a discussion of submission rates by gender. We conclude with lessons drawn and challenges that remain for the profession at large.
Ethnic cleavages have rarely led to political organizing and sustained political conflict in Latin America. However, recently a wave of rural organizing and movements has mobilized Indians to advance ...and defend their self-proclaimed indigenous rights. Why has indigenous identity become more salient in political organizing and claims in the past two decades? A historically grounded comparative analysis that situates indigenous identity and movement formation in relation to state formation and the changing terms of citizenship can answer this question.
The electronic and magnetic properties of GaN wurtzite, un-doped, and Ag-doped single-walled (6,0) chiral GaN nanotubes (SWGaNNT) were investigated using Density Functional Theory and Local Spin ...Density Approximation methods within Hubbard U semiempirical correction (DFT-LSDA + U). In a consecutive DFT-LSDA + U electronic structure simulation, the effects of defects on the nature and origin of ferromagnetism (FM) are studied for an Ag-doped SWGaNNT system. For the Ag-doped GaN nanotube configurations, the energy gap decreases with increasing concentration of impurity. The total energy calculations for doped systems show the stability of the ferromagnetic phase. In the case of the Ag-doping GaN NT system, the wide energy gap is decreasing and the total magnetic moment of this system is ∼2.0 μB. From first-principles calculations, an Ag-doped GaN nanosystem can be made into a magnetic ferromagnetic material, and it is an important candidate for spintronics device applications.
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•Using the DFT + LSDA + U method successfully improved the calculated energy gar of bulk GaN and GaN NT.•Electronic properties of Ag-doped SWGaNNT systems show indirect band gap nature with 1.4 eV.•For the Ag-doped SWGaN nanotube configurations, the energy gap decreases with the increase of impurity concentration.•Total energy calculations for doped systems show the stability of the ferromagnetic phase.•GaN:Ag nanosystem can be made into a magnetic FM material, and it is an important candidate for spintronic devices.
This article questions the widely held view that indigenous movements in Latin America during the last decades of the twentieth century were caused by globalization. The author reviews several bodies ...of literature and concludes that, although globalization may be a fit descriptor for some of the actions and narratives of indigenous movements, it cannot be understood as a causal determinant. Many indigenous movements emerged long before the neoliberal current started, others coincide with it, and yet others lag significantly. The author proposes an alternative framework that gives primary significance to state-society relations. Contrary to the idea that national states may have lost prominence in the age of globalization I contend the opposite, suggesting also that indigenous movements have emerged where there are (1) challenges to preexisting corporate identities, (2) transcommunity networks to provide the resources for mobilization, and (3) associational spaces to facilitate collective expression.
Globalization studies have sparked lively debates about how the changing international environment has catalyzed collective action. This review of three agenda-setting books concludes that ...globalization's impact on collective action is more indeterminate than current scholarship suggests. Future research needs to parse out descriptive treatments of globalization from globalization as a causal framework and to pay greater attention to causal mechanisms, relevant cases, and politicization of identities to address better the structured and contingent relations among international processes, the state, and collective action.
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