Alevilik bir inanç sistemidir. Aleviler, geleneksel dönemde merkezden uzak köy ve kasabalarda yaşıyorlardı. Modernleşme sürecinde kentlere göç eden Aleviler, farklı inanç mensupları ve farklı ...fikirlerle karşılaştılar. Kentlerde yaşanan etkileşimlerle Aleviler de Alevilik de değişti ve modern Alevilik anlayışı ortaya çıktı. Modern Aleviliğin en somut talebi cemevidir ve Alevilerin yaşadığı kentlerde cemevleri yapılmaktadır. Bingöl Belediyesinin bu doğrultudaki kararı, cemevi için “Sebze Hali Parkı’nda bir buçuk dönümlük arsa tahsisi yapıldı” haberiyle medyada yer aldı. Haber, yapılan yorumlar ve yorumlara verilen cevaplar, beğendim/beğenmedim biçiminde yapılan değerlendirmelerle etkileşimlere neden oldu. Etkileşimde bulunanların, haberde geçen “Alevilik”, “Aleviler”, “cemevi”, “ibadet” ve “parktan arsa tahsisi yapıldı” gibi ifadeleri, uyarıcı olarak değerlendirdikleri ve görüşlerini dile getirmek için bu ifadeleri fırsat olarak kullandıkları saptandı. Sembolik Etkileşimcilik yaklaşımıyla yapılan analiz ve yorumlamalar; kararı destekleyenlerin olduğu gibi, Alevilikle ilgili olumsuz yargılar ve kaygılarla karara karşı çıkanların da olduğunu gösterdi. Çalışmanın, farklı inanç mensuplarının modern kentlerde birlikte yaşamalarının önemine dikkat çekmesi ve buna katkıda bulunması beklenmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Alevilik. Aleviler. Cemevi. İbadet. Sembolik Etkileşim.
Bu makalenin konusu, göçer topluluklarda buyruk veren (otorite) ve buyruk alan ilişkisinde istihlâk normlarının etkisidir. Çalışmada, Mela Mehmûdê Bazidî’nin 1858-1859 yıllarında yazdığı kabul edilen ...Adat û Rusûmatnameê Ekradiye isimli kitabında yer alan konuyla ilgili veriler esas alınmıştır. Yapılan metin analizi sonucunda; göçer toplulukların aile merkezli oldukları, ileri gelen kesim ve fakir kesim olmak üzere iki toplumsal tabakadan meydana geldikleri, ileri gelen kesimde yer alan ağa ailelerinin toplulukta buyruk veren yani geleneksel otorite oldukları ayrıca iki kesimin istihlâklerinin de farklı olduğu gibi, ileri gelen kesimin bazı ayrıcalıklı istihlâklerinin de olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmada, göçebe toplulukların geçim kaynağı hayvancılık olduğundan istihlâk normlarının da hayvancılıkla ilgili olduğu, buyruk veren ailelerin bu konumlarını korumak amacıyla; ikram etmek yoluyla servet dağıttıkları, gösterişçi istihlâk / tüketim ile maddi güçlerini sergiledikleri ve toplulukta yüksek değerleri temsil ettikleri sonuçlarına varılmıştır.
Magnesium-based alloys are promising materials as next generation biodegradable implants, however low corrosion resistance and inadequate mechanical properties are limiting their application as a ...biodegradable implant material. In this study, Mg-Sr-Ca ternary alloys were prepared in a vacuum/atmosphere controlled furnace and coated by microarc oxidation (MAO) process for 5min to decrease the degradation rate and enhance the biocompatibility. Moreover, Ag doped Hydroxyapatite nano powder (Ag-HA) was also added to alkaline MAO solution by amount of 1 and 10g/l to improve the antibacterial properties while enhancing their bioactivity in a one single process. XRD, SEM-EDS, FTIR spectroscopy, simulated body fluid (SBF) immersion and antibacterial tests were employed for the characterization of the coated alloys. The results showed that, the addition of more Ag-HA increased the HA formation both before and after SBF immersion test and enhanced their antibacterial properties. However, Ag-HA addition decreased the corrosion resistance of the coated alloys in SBF compared to Ag-HA free coating. The results indicated that the present Ag-HA nano powder added MAO coating is a good combination to enhance the corrosion resistance, bioactivity and the antibacterial properties of Mg based biodegradable alloys.
•Silver doped Hydroxyapatite (Ag-HA) addition improved antibacterial properties.•HA morphology is related to Ag-HA content in the electrolyte.•The increase of Ag-HA content in the electrolyte increased the HA formation.•Increasing the Ag-HA concentration resulted in the Ca/P ratio approaching to 1.67.
We propose a numerical algorithm for finding the steady-state queue occupancy distribution for a workload-dependent MAP/PH/1 queue in which the arrival process and the service rate depend ...continuously on the instantaneous workload in the system. Both infinite and finite queue capacity scenarios are considered, including partial rejection and complete rejection policies for the latter. Using discretization, this system is approximately described by a multi-regime Markov fluid queue for which numerical algorithms are available. The computational complexity of the proposed method is linear in the number of regimes used for discretization. We provide numerical examples to validate the proposed approach.
5G and beyond networks will require fast, energy efficient, and secure initial access. In this study, a deep learning-based secure initial beam selection method is proposed that ranks the beam pairs ...between a transmitter and a legitimate user aiming to maximize the signal strength the user receives, while keeping the signal strength that the eavesdropper sees below a threshold. Instead of an exhaustive search, the initial beam selection is performed over a limited number of the top beam pairs, leading to reduced communication overhead and energy consumption. The proposed scheme is evaluated using data obtained from a real-life mobile network topology as well as a synthetic data set based on the same geographical site but with statistical system-level environment variables. Utilizing a multi-layer perceptron model, the neural network takes receiver locations as input and produces a ranked list of beam pairs between transmitter and receiver based on the specified coverage criteria. Numerical results show that the signalling overhead can be reduced by 75% with 99.66% accuracy in terms of the best beam pair, and 99.89% of the achievable signal strength. In terms of security, the proposed method has been shown to improve secure coverage probability by 68.12% compared to the best-coverage beam selection scenario.
Background: To determine the individual effect of abnormalities in blood pressure (BP) circadian rhythm (nondipping status (NDS), increased morning BP (MBP) or increased MBP surge (MBPS)) on target ...organ damage (TOD) and which of these is more closely related to TOD in normotensives. Methods and Results: The 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) and echocardiography were performed and urinary albumin excretion (UAE) was measured in 47 dipper (28 women, mean age 45.8 ±9.3) and 32 non-dipper (25 women, mean age 49.1 ±8.3 years) normotensive subjects. The left ventricular mass index (LVMI) was higher in non-dipper group (103.8 ±24.1 vs 91.6 ±23.5 g/m2, P=0.03). UAE in non-dipper group was higher, but the difference between the two was not statistically significant (18.9 10.3, 28.9 vs 14.1 7.5, 23.8, P=0.11). In multivariate analysis, both LVMI and UAE were affected by NDS and MBP independent of other confounding variables (for LVMI; Coefficient =0.27, P=0.01 and Coefficient =0.37, P=0.001, respectively, and for UAE; Coefficient =0.27, P=0.02 and Coefficient =0.28, P=0.01, respectively). Conclusions: It may be postulated that increased night and MBP are the factors that cause TOD, and it seems reasonable to attempt to restore normal diurnal rhythm of the BP even in normotensive subjects. (Circ J 2009; 73: 899 - 904)
Recent developments in telecommunication world have allowed customers to share the storage and processing capabilities of their devices by providing services through fast and reliable connections. ...This evolution, however, requires building an incentive system to encourage information exchange in future telecommunication networks. In this study, we propose a mechanism to share bandwidth and processing resources among subscribers using smart contracts and a blockchain-based incentive mechanism, which is used to encourage subscribers to share their resources. We demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method through two use cases: (i) exchanging multimedia data and (ii) CPU sharing. We propose a universal user-to-user and user-to-operator payment system, named TelCash, which provides a solution for current roaming problems and establishes trust in X2X communications. TelCash has a great potential in solving the charges of roaming and reputation management (reliance) problems in telecommunications sector. We also show, by using a simulation study, that encouraging D2D communication leads to a significant increase in content quality, and there is a threshold after which downloading from base station is dramatically cut down and can be kept as low as 10%.
Background
Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and cryo-ablation (CRA) have been traditionally performed with fluoroscopy which exposes patients and medical staff to the potential harmful effects of the ...X-ray. Therefore, we aimed to assess the feasibility, safety, and effectiveness of RFA and CRA of atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT) guided by the three-dimensional (3D) electro-anatomical mapping (EAM) system without the use of fluoroscopy.
Methods
We analyzed 168 consecutive patients with AVNRT, 62 of whom were under 19 years of age (128 in RFA (age 34.04 ± 21.0 years) and 40 in CRA (age 39.41 ± 22.8 years)). All procedures were performed completely without the use of the fluoroscopy and with the 3D EAM system.
Results
The acute success rates (ASR) of the two ablation methods were very high and similar (for RFA 126/128 (98.4%) and for CRA 40/40 (100%);
p
= 0.43). Total procedural time (TPT) was similar in RFA and CRA groups (75.04 ± 42.31 min and 73.12 ± 30.54 min, respectively;
p
= 0.79). Recurrence rates (1 (2.5%) and 8 (6.25%);
p
= 0.35) were similar. There were no complications associated with procedures in either group. In pediatric group, ASR (61/62 (98.38%) and 105/106 (99.05%), respectively;
p
= 0.69) and TPT (75.16 ± 42.2 min and 74.23 ± 38.3 min, respectively;
p
= 0.88) were similar to the adult group. High ASR was observed with both ablation methods (for RFA 49/50, 98%, and for CRA 12/12, 100%;
p
= 0.62 with very high arrhythmia-free survival rates (for RFA 98% and for CRA 100%;
p
= 0.62).
Conclusion
Based on these results, it can be suggested that fluoroless RFA or CRA guided by the 3D EAM system can be routinely performed in all patients with AVNRT without compromising safety, efficacy, or duration of the procedure.
Background: The relationship between serum uric acid and arterial stiffness or blood pressure is not clear. The serum uric acid level and its association with cardiovascular risk is not well known in ...patients with reduced renal mass. We aimed to investigate the relation between serum uric acid levels and arterial stiffness and also blood pressure in patients with congenital renal agenesis and/or hypoplasia. Material and Methods: In this single center, cross-sectional study, a total of 55 patients (39 (% 70.9) with unilateral small kidney and 16 (%29.1) with renal agenesis) were included. The median age was 35 (21-50) years. The study population was divided into tertiles of serum uric acid (according to 2.40-3.96, 3.97-5.10, and 5.11-9.80 mg/dl cut-off values of serum uric acid levels). Official and 24-h ambulatory non-invasive blood pressures of all patients were measured. The arterial stiffness was assessed by pulse wave velocity (PWV). Results: PWV values were increased from first to third tertile (5.5 ± 0.6, 5.7 ± 0.8, 6.1 ± 0.7, respectively), but this gradual increase between tertiles did not reach significance. Linear regression analyses showed a positive correlation between serum uric acid levels and PWV (β = 0.40, p = 0.010), but no correlation was found between uric acid and daytime systolic blood pressure (β = 0.24, p = 0.345). Conclusion: In congenital renal agenesis/hypoplasia, the serum uric acid level was positively correlated with arterial stiffness, but there was no correlation with blood pressure.
Abstract
Background
Conventional fluoroscopy guided catheter ablation (CA) is an established treatment option for ventricular arrhythmias (VAs). However, with the complex nature of most procedures, ...patients and staff bare an increased radiation exposure. Near-zero or zero-fluoroscopy CA is an alternative method which could substantially reduce or even eliminate the radiation dose. Our aim was to analyse procedural outcomes with fluoroscopy minimising approach for treatment of VAs in patients with structurally normal hearts (SNH) and structural heart disease (SHD).
Methods
Fifty-two (age 53.4 ± 17.8 years, 38 male, 14 female) consecutive patients who underwent CA of VAs in our institution between May 2018 and December 2019 were included. Procedures were performed primarily with the aid of the three-dimensional electro-anatomical mapping system and intra-cardiac echocardiography. Fluoroscopy was considered only in left ventricular (LV) summit mapping for coronary angiography and when epicardial approach was planned. Acute and long-term procedural outcomes were analysed.
Results
Sixty CA procedures were performed. Twenty-five patients had SHD-related VAs (Group 1) and 27 patients had SNH (Group 2). While Group 1 had significantly higher total procedural time (256.9 ± 71.7 vs 123.6 ± 42.2 min;
p
< 0.001) compared to Group 2, overall procedural success rate 77.4% (24/31) vs 89.7% (26/29);
p
= 0.20) and recurrence rate after the first procedure 8/25, (32%) vs 8/27, (29.6%);
p
= 0.85 were similar in both groups. Fluoroscopy was used in 3 procedures in Group 1 where epicardial approach was needed and in 4 procedures in Group 2 where LV summit VAs were ablated. Overall procedure-related major complication rate was 5%.
Conclusions
Fluoroscopy minimising approach for CA of VAs is feasible and safe in patients with SHD and SNH. Fluoroscopy could not be completely abolished in VAs with epicardial and LV summit substrate location.
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